Abstract
In the development of nursing science, the traces of the positivist paradigm are seen for the first time. The positivist paradigm using the medical model is an approach that focuses on numerical data instead of humanistic values, care, individuals' experiences, feelings and thoughts. On the contrary, the essence of nursing is human, care and human values. The positivist approach leads to the training of nurses who believe that care has only quantitative indicators and based on the medical model. With the postmodern period, researches are carried out with postpositivist paradigms based on care and human instead of positivist paradigm in the field of nursing. In this direction, the restructuring of studies with alternative paradigms will contribute to the science of nursing. In this review article, the effects of the positivist paradigm on nursing science in the world and in our country are discussed in the light of literature information.
Keywords
References
- Polit D, Tatano Beck C. Foundations of nursing research. In: Nursing research principles and methods. 7th ed. USA: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins; 2004.
- Weaver K, Olson JK. Understanding paradigms used for nursing research. J Adv Nurs. 2006; 53(4): 459-469.
- Younas A, Parsons K. Implications for paradigm shift in nursing: A critical analysis of Thomas Kuhn’s revolutionary science and its relevance to Nursing. Adv Nurs Sci. 2019; 42(3): 243-254.
- Watson J. The theory of human caring: Retrospective and prospective. Nurs Sci Q. 1997; 10(1): 49-52.
- Ryan G. Postpositivist, critical realism: philosophy, methodology and method for nursing research. Nurse Researcher. 2019; 27(3): 20–26.
- Sönmez, V. Bilim felsefesi. 5 Baskı. Anı Yayıncılık; 2013; 80-150.
- Pawlikowski P, Rico N, Van Sell SL. Positivism: A concept analysis. Int J Nurs Clin Pract. 2018; 5: 284-291.
- Coleman, P. An examination of positivist and critical realist philosophical approaches to nursing research. Int J Caring Sci. 2019; 12(2): 1218-1224.
- Corry M, Porter S, McKenna H. The redundancy of positivism as a paradigm for nursing research. Nurs Philos. 2019; 20(1): 10-12.
- Alikılıç İ. Pozitivizm ve Postpozitivizm. İnsanat Sanat Tasarım ve Mimarlık Araştırmaları Dergisi, 1(1), 2021;39-62.
- Landeros Olvera E, Salazar González BC, Cruz Quevedo E. Influence of positivism on nursing research and practice. Index Enferm. 2009; 18(4): 263-266.
- Ryan G. Introduction to positivism, interpretivism and critical theory. Nurse Researcher.2018; 25(4): 41–49
- Bluhm RL. The (dis)unity of nursing science. Nurs Philos. 2014; 15(4): 250-260.
- Johnson DE. Development of theory: A requisite for nursing as a primary health profession. Nurs Res. 1974; 23(5): 372-377.
- Ernest P, Jandrain B, Scheen A. Forces et faiblesses des essais cliniques: évolution en function de l’essor de la medicine personnalisée. Revue Medicale de Liege. 2015; 70(5-6): 232–236.
- Playle JF. Humanism and positivism in nursing: Contradictions and conflicts. J Adv Nurs. 1995; 22(5): 979-984.
- Speziale HS, Streubert HJ, Carpenter DR. Qualitative research in nursing: Advancing the humanistic imperative.5th Revised edition. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins; 2011.
- Warelow PJ. Changing philosophies: A paradigmatic nursing shift from Nightingale. Aust J Adv Nurs. 2013; 31 (1): 36-45.
- Hesse-Biber S. Qualitative approaches to mixed methods practice. Qualitative Inquiry. 2010; 16(6): 455-468.
- Alligood, MR. Areas for Further Development of Theory Based Nursing Practice. Elsevier; 2014; 414-424.
Abstract
Hemşirelik biliminin gelişiminde ilk olarak pozitivist paradigmanın izleri görülmektedir. Pozitivist paradigma tıbbi modelin kullandığı, hümanist değerler, bakım, bireylerin deneyimleri, duygu ve düşünceleri yerine sayısal verilere odaklanan bir yaklaşımdır. Aksine hemşireliğin özünü insan, bakım ve insana ilişkin değerler oluşturmaktadır. Pozitivist yaklaşım bakımın yalnızca nicel göstergeleri olduğuna inanan ve tıbbi modeli temel alan hemşirelerin yetişmesine neden olmaktadır. Postmodern dönemle birlikte hemşirelik alanında pozitivist paradigmanın yerine bakımı ve insanı temel alan postpozitivist paradigmalarla araştırmalar yürütülmektedir. Bu doğrultuda alternatif paradigmalar ile çalışmaların yeniden yapılandırılması hemşirelik bilimine katkıda bulunacaktır. Bu derleme yazısında dünyada ve ülkemizde pozitivist paradigmanın hemşirelik bilimine olan etkileri literatür bilgileri ışığında tartışılmıştır.
Keywords
References
- Polit D, Tatano Beck C. Foundations of nursing research. In: Nursing research principles and methods. 7th ed. USA: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins; 2004.
- Weaver K, Olson JK. Understanding paradigms used for nursing research. J Adv Nurs. 2006; 53(4): 459-469.
- Younas A, Parsons K. Implications for paradigm shift in nursing: A critical analysis of Thomas Kuhn’s revolutionary science and its relevance to Nursing. Adv Nurs Sci. 2019; 42(3): 243-254.
- Watson J. The theory of human caring: Retrospective and prospective. Nurs Sci Q. 1997; 10(1): 49-52.
- Ryan G. Postpositivist, critical realism: philosophy, methodology and method for nursing research. Nurse Researcher. 2019; 27(3): 20–26.
- Sönmez, V. Bilim felsefesi. 5 Baskı. Anı Yayıncılık; 2013; 80-150.
- Pawlikowski P, Rico N, Van Sell SL. Positivism: A concept analysis. Int J Nurs Clin Pract. 2018; 5: 284-291.
- Coleman, P. An examination of positivist and critical realist philosophical approaches to nursing research. Int J Caring Sci. 2019; 12(2): 1218-1224.
- Corry M, Porter S, McKenna H. The redundancy of positivism as a paradigm for nursing research. Nurs Philos. 2019; 20(1): 10-12.
- Alikılıç İ. Pozitivizm ve Postpozitivizm. İnsanat Sanat Tasarım ve Mimarlık Araştırmaları Dergisi, 1(1), 2021;39-62.
- Landeros Olvera E, Salazar González BC, Cruz Quevedo E. Influence of positivism on nursing research and practice. Index Enferm. 2009; 18(4): 263-266.
- Ryan G. Introduction to positivism, interpretivism and critical theory. Nurse Researcher.2018; 25(4): 41–49
- Bluhm RL. The (dis)unity of nursing science. Nurs Philos. 2014; 15(4): 250-260.
- Johnson DE. Development of theory: A requisite for nursing as a primary health profession. Nurs Res. 1974; 23(5): 372-377.
- Ernest P, Jandrain B, Scheen A. Forces et faiblesses des essais cliniques: évolution en function de l’essor de la medicine personnalisée. Revue Medicale de Liege. 2015; 70(5-6): 232–236.
- Playle JF. Humanism and positivism in nursing: Contradictions and conflicts. J Adv Nurs. 1995; 22(5): 979-984.
- Speziale HS, Streubert HJ, Carpenter DR. Qualitative research in nursing: Advancing the humanistic imperative.5th Revised edition. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins; 2011.
- Warelow PJ. Changing philosophies: A paradigmatic nursing shift from Nightingale. Aust J Adv Nurs. 2013; 31 (1): 36-45.
- Hesse-Biber S. Qualitative approaches to mixed methods practice. Qualitative Inquiry. 2010; 16(6): 455-468.
- Alligood, MR. Areas for Further Development of Theory Based Nursing Practice. Elsevier; 2014; 414-424.
Details
| Primary Language | Turkish |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Nursing |
| Journal Section | Reviews |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | December 28, 2022 |
| Submission Date | April 21, 2022 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2022 Volume: 1 Issue: 2 |
