Review
Year 2019,
Volume: 28 Issue: 3, 177 - 183, 30.09.2019
Abstract
Abnormal placental invasion (API) is one of the causes of peripartum hemorrhage. API associated maternal morbidity or mortality is mainly due to massive hemorrhage, in particular after attempts at forced manual removal of the placenta. Several risk factors for API are known and may lead to the diagnosis. Previous cesarean section and placenta previa in present pregnancy constitute major risk factors for API. The perioperative management of patients with API requires close coordination amongst anesthesiologists, obstetricians, interventional radiologists and blood bank providers. Due to the significant risk of massive bleeding complicated by profound hypotension and coagulopathy and a high likelihood of hysterectomy during cesarean delivery, general anesthesia is generally regarded as the anesthetic choice for patients with API. A well-organized hemorrhage protocol using surgical, pharmacologic, and transfusion approaches has an important role in decreasing the morbidity and mortality associated with API. In this review, the perioperative anesthesia management of a patient with abnormal placental invasion will be described.
References
- 1. Belfort MA; Publications Committee, Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine. Placenta accreta. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2010;203:430–39.2. Warshak CR, Ramos GA, Eskander R, Benirschke K, Saenz CC, Kelly TF et al. Effect of predelivery diagnosis in 99 consecutive cases of placenta accreta. Obstet Gynecol. 2010;115:65–69.3. Wu S, Kocherginsky M, Hibbard JU. Abnormal placentation: twenty-year analysis. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2005; 192: 1458–61.4. Gielchinsky Y, Rojansky N, Fasouliotis SJ, Ezra Y. Placenta accreta – summary of 10 years: a survey of 310 cases. Placenta 2002; 23:210– 4.5. Ophir E, Singer-Jordan J, Odeh M. Abnormal placental invasion—a novel approach to treatment case report and review. Obstet Gynecol Surv 2009;64:811-22.6. Hull AD, Resnik R. Placenta accreta and postpartum hemorrhage. Clin Obstet Gynecol. 2010;53:228–36.7. Clark SL, Koonings PP, Phelan JP. Placenta previa/accreta and prior cesarean section. Obstet Gynecol. 1985;66: 89–92.8. Snegovskikh D, Clebone A, Norwitz E. Anesthetic management of patients with placenta accreta and resuscitation strategies for associated massive hemorrhage. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol. 2011;24:274-81. 9. Panigrahi AK, Yeaton-Massey A, Bakhtary S, Andrews J, Lyell DJ, Butwick AJ et al. A Standardized Approach for Transfusion Medicine Support in Patients With Morbidly Adherent Placenta. Anesth Analg. 2017;125:603-8. 10. Clark SL, Belfort MA, Dildy GA, Herbst MA, Meyers JA, Hankins GD. Maternal death in the 21st century: causes, prevention, and relationship to cesarean delivery. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2008;199:36.e1-5; discussion 91-2.e7-11.11. Committee on Obstetric Practice. Committee opinion no. 529: placenta accreta. Obstet Gynecol 2012;120:207-11.12. Tikkanen M, Paavonen J, Loukovaara M, Stefanovic V. Antenatal diagnosis of placenta accreta leads to reduced blood loss. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2011;90:1140 – 6.13. Eller AG, Porter TF, Soisson P, Silver RM. Optimal management strategies for placenta accreta. BJOG 2009;116:648-54.14. Eller AG, Bennett MA, Sharshiner M, Masheter C, Soisson AP, Dodson M et al. Maternal morbidity in cases of placenta accreta managed by a multidisciplinary care team compared with standard obstetric care. Obstet Gynecol 2011;117:331-7.15. Walker MG, Allen L, Windrim RC, Kachura J, Pollard L, Pantazi S, et al. Multidisciplinary management of invasive placenta previa. J Obstet Gynaecol Can 2013;35: 417-25.16. Parva M, Chamchad D, Keegan J, Gerson A, Horrow J. Placenta percreta with invasion of the bladder wall: management with a multi-disciplinary approach. J Clin Anesth 2010;22:209-12.17. Wright JD, Herzog TJ, Shah M, Bonanno C, Lewin SN, Cleary K et al. Regionalization of care for obstetric hemorrhage and its effect on maternal mortality. Obstet Gynecol 2010;115:1194–200.18. Robinson BK, Grobman WA. Effectiveness of timing strategies for delivery of individuals with placenta previa and accreta. Obstet Gynecol 2010; 116:835–42.19. Balayla J, Bondarenko HD. Placenta accreta and the risk of adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes. J Perinat Med. 2013;41:141-9. 20. Joshi VM, Otiv SR, Majumder R, Nikam YA, Shrivastava M. Internal iliac artery ligation for arresting postpartum haemorrhage. BJOG 2007; 114: 356–61.21. Lee JS, ShepardSM. Endovascular treatment of postpartumhemorrhage. Clin Obstet Gynecol 2010; 53:209–18.22. Panici PB, Anceschi M, Borgia ML, Bresadola L, Masselli G, Parasassi T et al. Intraoperative aorta balloon occlusion: fertility preservation in patients with placenta previa accreta/increta. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2012; 25: 2512–6.23. Wei X, Zhang J, Chu Q, Du Y, Xing N, Xu X et al. Prophylactic abdominal aorta balloon occlusion during caesarean section: a retrospective case series. Int J Obstet Anesth 2016; 27: 3–8.24. Feng S, Liao Z, Huang H. Effect of prophylactic placement of internal iliac artery balloon catheters on outcomes of women with placenta accreta: an impact study. Anaesthesia. 2017;72:853-8.25. Horlocker TT, Wedel DJ, Rowlingson JC, et al. Regional anesthesia in the patient receiving antithrombotic or thrombolytic therapy: American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine Evidence-Based Guidelines (Third Edition). Reg Anesth Pain Med 2010; 35:64–101.26. Chestnut DH, Dewan DM, Redick LF, Caton D, Spielman FJ. Anesthetic management for obstetric hysterectomy: a multiinstitutional study. Anesthesiology 1989;70:607–10.27. Stotler B, Padmanabhan A, Devine P, Wright J, Spitalnik SL, Schwartz J. Transfusion. Transfusion requirements in obstetric patients with placenta accreta. 2011;51:2627-33. 28. Thaler I, Manor D, Itskovitz J, Rottem S, Levit N, Timor-Tritsch I et al. Changes in uterine blood flow during human pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1990; 162:121–5.29. Khong TY, Robertson WB. Placenta creta and placenta praevia creta. Placenta 1987; 8:399–409.30. Hudon L, Belfort MA, Broome DR. Diagnosis and management of placenta percreta: a review. Obstet Gynecol Surv. 1998;53:509-17.31. Wu S, Kocherginsky M, Hibbard JU. Abnormal placentation: twenty-year analysis. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2005;192:1458-61.32. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. ACOG practice bulletin: clinical management guidelines for obstetrician-gynecologists Number 76, October 2006: postpartum hemorrhage. Obstet Gynecol 2006;108:1039-47.33. Zelop CM, Harlow BL, Frigoletto FD, Safon LE, Saltzman DH. Emergency peripartum hysterectomy. Obstet Gynecol 1993; 168:1443–8.34. Joshi VM, Otiv SR, Majumder R, Nikam YA, Shrivastava M. Internal iliac artery ligation for arresting postpartum haemorrhage. BJOG 2007; 114: 356–61.35. Burtelow M, Riley E, Druzin M, Fontaine M, Viele M, Goodnough LT. How we treat: management of lifethreatening primary postpartum hemorrhage with a standardized massive transfusion protocol. Transfusion 2007;47:1564-72.36. Padmanabhan A, Schwartz J, Spitalnik SO. Transfusion Therapy in Postpartum Hemorrhage. Semin Perinatol 2009; 33:124-127.37. Weiskopf RB, Viele MK, Feiner J, et al: Human cardiovascular and metabolic response to acute, severe isovolemic anemia. JAMA 1998; 279:217-221.38. National Institutes of Health Consensus Conference. Platelet transfusion therapy. Transfus Med Rev 1987; 1:195-200.39. Hellstern P, Haubelt H. Indications for plasma in massive transfusion. Thromb Res 107:S19-S22, 2002 (suppl 1)40. Waters JH, Biscotti C, Potter PS, Phillipson E. Amniotic fluid removal during cell salvage in the cesarean section patient. Anesthesiology 2000; 92:1531–6.41. Fraser I ,Porte R, Kouides P, Lukes AS. A benefit-risk review of systematic haemostatic agents in major surgery. Drug Safety 2008; 31: 217–30.42. Henry D, Carless P, Moxey A, O'Connell D, Stokes BJ, McClelland B et al. Antifibrinolytic use for minimising perioperative allogenic blood transfusion. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2007.CD001886. 43. Sekhavat L, Tabatabaii A, Dalili M, Farajkhoda T, Tafti AD. et al. Efficacy of tranexamic acid in reducing blood loss after caesarean section. J Matern Fetal NeonatalMed 2009; 22: 72–5. 44. Fenger-Eriksen C, Lindberg-Larsen M, Christensen A, Ingerslev J, Sørensen B. Fibrinogen concentrate substitution therapy in patients with massive haemorrhage and low plasma fibrinogen concentrations. Br J Anaesth. 2008; 101: 767–73.45. ACOG committee opinion. Placenta accreta. Number 266,January 2002. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2002;77:77–8.46. Palacios-Jaraquemada JM. Diagnosis and management of placenta accreta. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 2008;22:113–48.47. Provansal M, Courbiere B, Agostini A, D’Ercole C, Boubli L, Bretelle F. Fertility and obstetric outcome after conservative management of placenta accreta. Int J Gynecol Obstet. 2010;109:147–50.48. Sentilhes L, Kayem G, Ambroselli C, Provansal M, Fernandez H, Perrotin F, et al. Fertility and pregnancy outcomes following conservative treatment for placenta accreta. Hum Reprod. 2010;25:2803–10.49. Baughman WC, Corteville JE, Shah RR. Placenta accreta: spectrum of US and MR imaging findings. Radiographics. 2008;28:1905–16.50. Hoffman MS, Karlnoski RA, Mangar D,Whiteman VE, Zweibel BR, Lockhart JL, et al. Morbidity associated with nonemergent hysterectomy for placenta accreta. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2010;202:628.e1–5.51. Rosen T. Placenta accreta and cesarean scar pregnancy: overlooked costs of the rising cesarean section rate. Clin Perinatol 2008; 35:519–29.52. O’Brien JM, Barton JR, Donaldson ES. The management of placenta percreta: conservative and operative strategies. Obstet Gynecol 1996; 175:1632–8.53. Mount T, MacLennan K. Obstetric haemorrhage. Anaesth Intensive Care 2016; 17: 379-83.
Year 2019,
Volume: 28 Issue: 3, 177 - 183, 30.09.2019
Abstract
Anormal plasental invazyon perpartum hemorajinin önemli ve sık görülen nedenlerinden biridir. Maternal morbidite ve mortalite, özellikle plasentanın uterustan ayrılma girişimleri sırasındaki masif kanamaya bağlıdır. Anormal plasental invazyonda iyi belirlenmiş risk faktörleri tanı koyulmasında yardımcı olmaktadır. Daha önce geçirilmiş sezeryan ve mevcut gebelikteki plasenta previa majör risk faktörlerini oluşturmaktadır. Diğer risk faktörleri uterus cerrahisi, ileri anne yaşı ve parite, sigara kullanım öyküsüdür. Anormal plasental invazyonu olan hastaların yönetiminde anestezist, kadın hastalıkları ve doğum uzmanı, girişimsel radyolog ve kan merkezi sorumluları arasında yakın bir koordinasyon gerekmektedir. Preoperatif kapsamlı planlama ile kan kaybının, kan ve kan ürünleri ihtiyacının perioperatif morbidite ve mortaliteyi azalttığı gösterilmiştir.
Derin hipotansiyon ve koagülopati ile komplike olabilen masif kanama riski ve sezaryen sırasında histerektomi olasılığı nedeniyle, anormal plasental invazyonu olan hastalarda genellikle genel anestezi tercih edilmektedir.
Cerrahi, farmakolojik ve transfüzyon yaklaşımlarını kullanarak ve hastaya ait faktörler de göz önünde bulundurularak planlanmış bir kanama protokolü, anormal plasental invazyonla ilişkili morbidite ve mortaliteyi azaltmada yardımcı olmaktadır.
References
- 1. Belfort MA; Publications Committee, Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine. Placenta accreta. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2010;203:430–39.2. Warshak CR, Ramos GA, Eskander R, Benirschke K, Saenz CC, Kelly TF et al. Effect of predelivery diagnosis in 99 consecutive cases of placenta accreta. Obstet Gynecol. 2010;115:65–69.3. Wu S, Kocherginsky M, Hibbard JU. Abnormal placentation: twenty-year analysis. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2005; 192: 1458–61.4. Gielchinsky Y, Rojansky N, Fasouliotis SJ, Ezra Y. Placenta accreta – summary of 10 years: a survey of 310 cases. Placenta 2002; 23:210– 4.5. Ophir E, Singer-Jordan J, Odeh M. Abnormal placental invasion—a novel approach to treatment case report and review. Obstet Gynecol Surv 2009;64:811-22.6. Hull AD, Resnik R. Placenta accreta and postpartum hemorrhage. Clin Obstet Gynecol. 2010;53:228–36.7. Clark SL, Koonings PP, Phelan JP. Placenta previa/accreta and prior cesarean section. Obstet Gynecol. 1985;66: 89–92.8. Snegovskikh D, Clebone A, Norwitz E. Anesthetic management of patients with placenta accreta and resuscitation strategies for associated massive hemorrhage. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol. 2011;24:274-81. 9. Panigrahi AK, Yeaton-Massey A, Bakhtary S, Andrews J, Lyell DJ, Butwick AJ et al. A Standardized Approach for Transfusion Medicine Support in Patients With Morbidly Adherent Placenta. Anesth Analg. 2017;125:603-8. 10. Clark SL, Belfort MA, Dildy GA, Herbst MA, Meyers JA, Hankins GD. Maternal death in the 21st century: causes, prevention, and relationship to cesarean delivery. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2008;199:36.e1-5; discussion 91-2.e7-11.11. Committee on Obstetric Practice. Committee opinion no. 529: placenta accreta. Obstet Gynecol 2012;120:207-11.12. Tikkanen M, Paavonen J, Loukovaara M, Stefanovic V. Antenatal diagnosis of placenta accreta leads to reduced blood loss. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2011;90:1140 – 6.13. Eller AG, Porter TF, Soisson P, Silver RM. Optimal management strategies for placenta accreta. BJOG 2009;116:648-54.14. Eller AG, Bennett MA, Sharshiner M, Masheter C, Soisson AP, Dodson M et al. Maternal morbidity in cases of placenta accreta managed by a multidisciplinary care team compared with standard obstetric care. Obstet Gynecol 2011;117:331-7.15. Walker MG, Allen L, Windrim RC, Kachura J, Pollard L, Pantazi S, et al. Multidisciplinary management of invasive placenta previa. J Obstet Gynaecol Can 2013;35: 417-25.16. Parva M, Chamchad D, Keegan J, Gerson A, Horrow J. Placenta percreta with invasion of the bladder wall: management with a multi-disciplinary approach. J Clin Anesth 2010;22:209-12.17. Wright JD, Herzog TJ, Shah M, Bonanno C, Lewin SN, Cleary K et al. Regionalization of care for obstetric hemorrhage and its effect on maternal mortality. Obstet Gynecol 2010;115:1194–200.18. Robinson BK, Grobman WA. Effectiveness of timing strategies for delivery of individuals with placenta previa and accreta. Obstet Gynecol 2010; 116:835–42.19. Balayla J, Bondarenko HD. Placenta accreta and the risk of adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes. J Perinat Med. 2013;41:141-9. 20. Joshi VM, Otiv SR, Majumder R, Nikam YA, Shrivastava M. Internal iliac artery ligation for arresting postpartum haemorrhage. BJOG 2007; 114: 356–61.21. Lee JS, ShepardSM. Endovascular treatment of postpartumhemorrhage. Clin Obstet Gynecol 2010; 53:209–18.22. Panici PB, Anceschi M, Borgia ML, Bresadola L, Masselli G, Parasassi T et al. Intraoperative aorta balloon occlusion: fertility preservation in patients with placenta previa accreta/increta. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2012; 25: 2512–6.23. Wei X, Zhang J, Chu Q, Du Y, Xing N, Xu X et al. Prophylactic abdominal aorta balloon occlusion during caesarean section: a retrospective case series. Int J Obstet Anesth 2016; 27: 3–8.24. Feng S, Liao Z, Huang H. Effect of prophylactic placement of internal iliac artery balloon catheters on outcomes of women with placenta accreta: an impact study. Anaesthesia. 2017;72:853-8.25. Horlocker TT, Wedel DJ, Rowlingson JC, et al. Regional anesthesia in the patient receiving antithrombotic or thrombolytic therapy: American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine Evidence-Based Guidelines (Third Edition). Reg Anesth Pain Med 2010; 35:64–101.26. Chestnut DH, Dewan DM, Redick LF, Caton D, Spielman FJ. Anesthetic management for obstetric hysterectomy: a multiinstitutional study. Anesthesiology 1989;70:607–10.27. Stotler B, Padmanabhan A, Devine P, Wright J, Spitalnik SL, Schwartz J. Transfusion. Transfusion requirements in obstetric patients with placenta accreta. 2011;51:2627-33. 28. Thaler I, Manor D, Itskovitz J, Rottem S, Levit N, Timor-Tritsch I et al. Changes in uterine blood flow during human pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1990; 162:121–5.29. Khong TY, Robertson WB. Placenta creta and placenta praevia creta. Placenta 1987; 8:399–409.30. Hudon L, Belfort MA, Broome DR. Diagnosis and management of placenta percreta: a review. Obstet Gynecol Surv. 1998;53:509-17.31. Wu S, Kocherginsky M, Hibbard JU. Abnormal placentation: twenty-year analysis. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2005;192:1458-61.32. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. ACOG practice bulletin: clinical management guidelines for obstetrician-gynecologists Number 76, October 2006: postpartum hemorrhage. Obstet Gynecol 2006;108:1039-47.33. Zelop CM, Harlow BL, Frigoletto FD, Safon LE, Saltzman DH. Emergency peripartum hysterectomy. Obstet Gynecol 1993; 168:1443–8.34. Joshi VM, Otiv SR, Majumder R, Nikam YA, Shrivastava M. Internal iliac artery ligation for arresting postpartum haemorrhage. BJOG 2007; 114: 356–61.35. Burtelow M, Riley E, Druzin M, Fontaine M, Viele M, Goodnough LT. How we treat: management of lifethreatening primary postpartum hemorrhage with a standardized massive transfusion protocol. Transfusion 2007;47:1564-72.36. Padmanabhan A, Schwartz J, Spitalnik SO. Transfusion Therapy in Postpartum Hemorrhage. Semin Perinatol 2009; 33:124-127.37. Weiskopf RB, Viele MK, Feiner J, et al: Human cardiovascular and metabolic response to acute, severe isovolemic anemia. JAMA 1998; 279:217-221.38. National Institutes of Health Consensus Conference. Platelet transfusion therapy. Transfus Med Rev 1987; 1:195-200.39. Hellstern P, Haubelt H. Indications for plasma in massive transfusion. Thromb Res 107:S19-S22, 2002 (suppl 1)40. Waters JH, Biscotti C, Potter PS, Phillipson E. Amniotic fluid removal during cell salvage in the cesarean section patient. Anesthesiology 2000; 92:1531–6.41. Fraser I ,Porte R, Kouides P, Lukes AS. A benefit-risk review of systematic haemostatic agents in major surgery. Drug Safety 2008; 31: 217–30.42. Henry D, Carless P, Moxey A, O'Connell D, Stokes BJ, McClelland B et al. Antifibrinolytic use for minimising perioperative allogenic blood transfusion. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2007.CD001886. 43. Sekhavat L, Tabatabaii A, Dalili M, Farajkhoda T, Tafti AD. et al. Efficacy of tranexamic acid in reducing blood loss after caesarean section. J Matern Fetal NeonatalMed 2009; 22: 72–5. 44. Fenger-Eriksen C, Lindberg-Larsen M, Christensen A, Ingerslev J, Sørensen B. Fibrinogen concentrate substitution therapy in patients with massive haemorrhage and low plasma fibrinogen concentrations. Br J Anaesth. 2008; 101: 767–73.45. ACOG committee opinion. Placenta accreta. Number 266,January 2002. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2002;77:77–8.46. Palacios-Jaraquemada JM. Diagnosis and management of placenta accreta. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 2008;22:113–48.47. Provansal M, Courbiere B, Agostini A, D’Ercole C, Boubli L, Bretelle F. Fertility and obstetric outcome after conservative management of placenta accreta. Int J Gynecol Obstet. 2010;109:147–50.48. Sentilhes L, Kayem G, Ambroselli C, Provansal M, Fernandez H, Perrotin F, et al. Fertility and pregnancy outcomes following conservative treatment for placenta accreta. Hum Reprod. 2010;25:2803–10.49. Baughman WC, Corteville JE, Shah RR. Placenta accreta: spectrum of US and MR imaging findings. Radiographics. 2008;28:1905–16.50. Hoffman MS, Karlnoski RA, Mangar D,Whiteman VE, Zweibel BR, Lockhart JL, et al. Morbidity associated with nonemergent hysterectomy for placenta accreta. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2010;202:628.e1–5.51. Rosen T. Placenta accreta and cesarean scar pregnancy: overlooked costs of the rising cesarean section rate. Clin Perinatol 2008; 35:519–29.52. O’Brien JM, Barton JR, Donaldson ES. The management of placenta percreta: conservative and operative strategies. Obstet Gynecol 1996; 175:1632–8.53. Mount T, MacLennan K. Obstetric haemorrhage. Anaesth Intensive Care 2016; 17: 379-83.
There are 1 citations in total.
Details
| Primary Language | Turkish |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Health Care Administration |
| Journal Section | Review |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | September 30, 2019 |
| Acceptance Date | July 17, 2018 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2019 Volume: 28 Issue: 3 |
This journal is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.