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Year 2021, Volume: 15 Issue: 3, 198 - 206, 31.12.2021

Abstract

References

  • Sone S, Higashihara T, Morimoto S, Yokota K, Ikezoe J, Masaoka A, Monden Y, Kagotani T. Normal anatomy of thymus and anterior mediastinum by pneumomediastinography. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1980;134:81–9.
  • Hasini HS, Velichety DS, Thyagaraju K, Jyothirmayi K, Jaipal Ch. Morphological features and morphometric parameters of human fetal tymus glands. International Journal of Anatomy and Research 2014;2:202–7.
  • Muñoz-Chápuli M, Gámez F, Bravo C, Ortiz L, Pérez R, De León-Luis JA. The thy-box for sonographic assessment of the fetal thymus: nomogram and review of the literature. J Ultrasound Med 2015;34: 853–8.
  • Kuper CF, vanBilsen JV, Cnossen H, Houben G, Garthoff J, Wolterbeek A. Development of immune organs and functioning in humans and test animals: implications for immune intervention studies. Reprod Toxicol 2015;64:180–90.
  • Re C, Bertucci E, Weissmann-Brenner A, Achiron R, Mazza V, Gindes L. Fetal thymus volume estimation by virtual organ computer-aided analysis in normal pregnancies. J Ultrasound Med 2015;34: 847–52.
  • Zdrojewicz Z, Pachura E, Pachura P. The thymus: a forgotten, but very important organ. Adv Clin Exp Med 2016;25:369–75.
  • Delves PJ, Martin SJ, Burton DR, Roitt IM. Roitt’s essential immunology. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing; 2006. 496 p.
  • Hasselbalch H, Nielsen MB, Pedersen JF. The thymic size in children: a preliminary sonographic study. European Journal of Ultrasound 1997;6:117–9.
  • Dervişoğlu S. Timus ve aksidental atrofisi. The Turkish Journal of Pathology 1992;81:67–70.
  • Wee T, Lee AF, Nadel H, Bray H. The paediatric thymus: recognizing normal and ectopic thymic tissue. Clin Radiol 2021;76:477– 87.
  • Murata O, Suzuki K, Sugiura H, Kondo Y, Takeshita M, Koga K, Takiguchi M, Kurisu R, Kassai Y, Yasuoka H, Yamaoka K, Morita R, Yoshimura A, Takeuchi T. Thymus variants on imaging in patients with rheumatoid arthritis-clinical and immunological significance. Rheumatology 2021;60:5595–600.
  • Araki T, Nishino M, Gao W, Dupuis J, Hunninghake GM, Murakami T, Washko GR, O’Connor GT, Hatabu H. Normal thymus in adults: appearance on CT and associations with age, sex, BMI and smoking. Eur Radiol 2016;26:15–24.
  • Sharma H, Moroni L. Recent advancements in regenerative approaches for thymus rejuvenation. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2021;8:2100543.
  • Simanovsky N, Hiller N, Loubashevsky N, Rozovsky K. Normal CT characteristics of the thymus in adults. Eur J Radiol 2012;81:3581–6.
  • De Muth JE. Basic statistics and pharmaceutical statistical applications. Boca Raton, FL: Chapman & Hall/CRC Press; 2014.
  • Liu D, Ellis H. The mystery of the thymus gland. Clin Anat 2016;29: 679–84.
  • Zalel Y, Gamzu R, Mashiach S, Achiron R. The development of the fetal tymus: an in utero sonographic evaluation. Prenat Diagn 2002; 22:114–7.
  • Felker RE, Cartier MS, Emerson DS, Brown DL. Ultrasound of the fetal thymus. J Ultrasound Med 1989;8:669–73.
  • Cho JY, Min JY, Lee Y, McCrindle HB, Hornberger LK, Yoo SJ. Diameter of the normal fetal thymus on ultrasound. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2007;29:634–8.
  • Özlü T, Özyüncü Ö, Önderoğlu SL. The role of fetal thymus dimensions in the prediction of chorioamnionitis and early neonatal complications in cases with preterm labor and premature rupture of membranes. Anatolian Journal of Clinical Investigation 2013;7:18– 23.
  • De Leon-Luis J, Gamez F, Pintado P, Antolin E, Perez R, Ortiz-Quintana L, Santolaya-Forgas J. Sonographic measurements of the thymus in male and female fetuses. J Ultrasound Med 2009;28:43–8.
  • Iscan A, Tarhan S, Güven H, Bilgi Y, Yüncü M. Sonographic measurement of the thymus in newborns: close association between thymus size and birth weight. Eur J Pediatr 2000;159:223–6.
  • Yekeler E, Tambag A, Tunaci A, Genchellac H, Dursun M, Gokcay G, Acunas G. Analysis of the thymus in 151 healthy infants from 0 to 2 years of age. J Ultrasound Med 2004;23:1321–6.
  • Tunacı A. Radiology of thymus. Toraks Cerrahi Bülteni 2012;1:16– 20.
  • Garly LM, Trautner LS, Marx C, Danebod K, Nielsen J, Ravn H, Martins CL, Bale C, Aaby P, Lisse IM. Thymus size at 6 months of age and subsequent child mortality. J Pediatr 2008;153:683– 8.
  • Shilovsky GA, Feniouk BA, Skulachev VP. Thymic involution in ontogenesis: role in aging program, Biochemistry (Mosc) 2015;80: 1629–31.

Analysis of the thymus in different age groups using multidedector computed tomography

Year 2021, Volume: 15 Issue: 3, 198 - 206, 31.12.2021

Abstract

Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the morphological properties of the thymus in different age groups.
Methods: 306 multidedector computed tomography (MDCT) images were retrospectively evaluated between 2014–2017 and 181 images (mean age: 51.093±18.631).
Results: The mean volume of thymus in males was significantly higher than in females (p<0.05). The arrowhead shape was the most frequent type (71.27%). The thymus was mostly located at the level of T4–5 vertebrate (44.20%). The thymus tend to be more inferiorly located with an increase in age, being at T6–7 vertebrate level. The thymus was most frequently located left to the midsagittal plane (74.03%). Volume of the thymus was noticed to increase with age; however, it was noted to decrease after 50–59 years of age.
Conclusion: In majority of the cases, the thymus was observed to be located left to midline the at the T4–5 vertebrate level. The volume of the thymus tend to decrease after age of 50 and tend to have a more inferior position.

References

  • Sone S, Higashihara T, Morimoto S, Yokota K, Ikezoe J, Masaoka A, Monden Y, Kagotani T. Normal anatomy of thymus and anterior mediastinum by pneumomediastinography. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1980;134:81–9.
  • Hasini HS, Velichety DS, Thyagaraju K, Jyothirmayi K, Jaipal Ch. Morphological features and morphometric parameters of human fetal tymus glands. International Journal of Anatomy and Research 2014;2:202–7.
  • Muñoz-Chápuli M, Gámez F, Bravo C, Ortiz L, Pérez R, De León-Luis JA. The thy-box for sonographic assessment of the fetal thymus: nomogram and review of the literature. J Ultrasound Med 2015;34: 853–8.
  • Kuper CF, vanBilsen JV, Cnossen H, Houben G, Garthoff J, Wolterbeek A. Development of immune organs and functioning in humans and test animals: implications for immune intervention studies. Reprod Toxicol 2015;64:180–90.
  • Re C, Bertucci E, Weissmann-Brenner A, Achiron R, Mazza V, Gindes L. Fetal thymus volume estimation by virtual organ computer-aided analysis in normal pregnancies. J Ultrasound Med 2015;34: 847–52.
  • Zdrojewicz Z, Pachura E, Pachura P. The thymus: a forgotten, but very important organ. Adv Clin Exp Med 2016;25:369–75.
  • Delves PJ, Martin SJ, Burton DR, Roitt IM. Roitt’s essential immunology. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing; 2006. 496 p.
  • Hasselbalch H, Nielsen MB, Pedersen JF. The thymic size in children: a preliminary sonographic study. European Journal of Ultrasound 1997;6:117–9.
  • Dervişoğlu S. Timus ve aksidental atrofisi. The Turkish Journal of Pathology 1992;81:67–70.
  • Wee T, Lee AF, Nadel H, Bray H. The paediatric thymus: recognizing normal and ectopic thymic tissue. Clin Radiol 2021;76:477– 87.
  • Murata O, Suzuki K, Sugiura H, Kondo Y, Takeshita M, Koga K, Takiguchi M, Kurisu R, Kassai Y, Yasuoka H, Yamaoka K, Morita R, Yoshimura A, Takeuchi T. Thymus variants on imaging in patients with rheumatoid arthritis-clinical and immunological significance. Rheumatology 2021;60:5595–600.
  • Araki T, Nishino M, Gao W, Dupuis J, Hunninghake GM, Murakami T, Washko GR, O’Connor GT, Hatabu H. Normal thymus in adults: appearance on CT and associations with age, sex, BMI and smoking. Eur Radiol 2016;26:15–24.
  • Sharma H, Moroni L. Recent advancements in regenerative approaches for thymus rejuvenation. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2021;8:2100543.
  • Simanovsky N, Hiller N, Loubashevsky N, Rozovsky K. Normal CT characteristics of the thymus in adults. Eur J Radiol 2012;81:3581–6.
  • De Muth JE. Basic statistics and pharmaceutical statistical applications. Boca Raton, FL: Chapman & Hall/CRC Press; 2014.
  • Liu D, Ellis H. The mystery of the thymus gland. Clin Anat 2016;29: 679–84.
  • Zalel Y, Gamzu R, Mashiach S, Achiron R. The development of the fetal tymus: an in utero sonographic evaluation. Prenat Diagn 2002; 22:114–7.
  • Felker RE, Cartier MS, Emerson DS, Brown DL. Ultrasound of the fetal thymus. J Ultrasound Med 1989;8:669–73.
  • Cho JY, Min JY, Lee Y, McCrindle HB, Hornberger LK, Yoo SJ. Diameter of the normal fetal thymus on ultrasound. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2007;29:634–8.
  • Özlü T, Özyüncü Ö, Önderoğlu SL. The role of fetal thymus dimensions in the prediction of chorioamnionitis and early neonatal complications in cases with preterm labor and premature rupture of membranes. Anatolian Journal of Clinical Investigation 2013;7:18– 23.
  • De Leon-Luis J, Gamez F, Pintado P, Antolin E, Perez R, Ortiz-Quintana L, Santolaya-Forgas J. Sonographic measurements of the thymus in male and female fetuses. J Ultrasound Med 2009;28:43–8.
  • Iscan A, Tarhan S, Güven H, Bilgi Y, Yüncü M. Sonographic measurement of the thymus in newborns: close association between thymus size and birth weight. Eur J Pediatr 2000;159:223–6.
  • Yekeler E, Tambag A, Tunaci A, Genchellac H, Dursun M, Gokcay G, Acunas G. Analysis of the thymus in 151 healthy infants from 0 to 2 years of age. J Ultrasound Med 2004;23:1321–6.
  • Tunacı A. Radiology of thymus. Toraks Cerrahi Bülteni 2012;1:16– 20.
  • Garly LM, Trautner LS, Marx C, Danebod K, Nielsen J, Ravn H, Martins CL, Bale C, Aaby P, Lisse IM. Thymus size at 6 months of age and subsequent child mortality. J Pediatr 2008;153:683– 8.
  • Shilovsky GA, Feniouk BA, Skulachev VP. Thymic involution in ontogenesis: role in aging program, Biochemistry (Mosc) 2015;80: 1629–31.
There are 26 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Original Articles
Authors

Neslihan Altuntas Yılmaz 0000-0003-0116-9089

Nadire Ünver Doğan This is me 0000-0001-5696-5547

Mesut Sivri This is me 0000-0002-1278-3386

Kamil Hakan Doğan This is me 0000-0002-7685-266X

Seda Özbek This is me 0000-0001-6524-0214

Publication Date December 31, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 15 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Yılmaz, N. A., Ünver Doğan, N., Sivri, M., Doğan, K. H., et al. (2021). Analysis of the thymus in different age groups using multidedector computed tomography. Anatomy, 15(3), 198-206.
AMA Yılmaz NA, Ünver Doğan N, Sivri M, Doğan KH, Özbek S. Analysis of the thymus in different age groups using multidedector computed tomography. Anatomy. December 2021;15(3):198-206.
Chicago Yılmaz, Neslihan Altuntas, Nadire Ünver Doğan, Mesut Sivri, Kamil Hakan Doğan, and Seda Özbek. “Analysis of the Thymus in Different Age Groups Using Multidedector Computed Tomography”. Anatomy 15, no. 3 (December 2021): 198-206.
EndNote Yılmaz NA, Ünver Doğan N, Sivri M, Doğan KH, Özbek S (December 1, 2021) Analysis of the thymus in different age groups using multidedector computed tomography. Anatomy 15 3 198–206.
IEEE N. A. Yılmaz, N. Ünver Doğan, M. Sivri, K. H. Doğan, and S. Özbek, “Analysis of the thymus in different age groups using multidedector computed tomography”, Anatomy, vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 198–206, 2021.
ISNAD Yılmaz, Neslihan Altuntas et al. “Analysis of the Thymus in Different Age Groups Using Multidedector Computed Tomography”. Anatomy 15/3 (December 2021), 198-206.
JAMA Yılmaz NA, Ünver Doğan N, Sivri M, Doğan KH, Özbek S. Analysis of the thymus in different age groups using multidedector computed tomography. Anatomy. 2021;15:198–206.
MLA Yılmaz, Neslihan Altuntas et al. “Analysis of the Thymus in Different Age Groups Using Multidedector Computed Tomography”. Anatomy, vol. 15, no. 3, 2021, pp. 198-06.
Vancouver Yılmaz NA, Ünver Doğan N, Sivri M, Doğan KH, Özbek S. Analysis of the thymus in different age groups using multidedector computed tomography. Anatomy. 2021;15(3):198-206.

Anatomy is the official journal of Turkish Society of Anatomy and Clinical Anatomy (TSACA).