ONGOING COVID-19 ANXIETY AND STRESS LEVELS IN PATIENTS WHOSE ENDOSCOPY PROCEDURE WAS POSTPONED DUE TO THE PANDEMIC
Abstract
Objective: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused great fear and stress in both patients and healthy individuals. To investigate attitudes toward and anxieties about and stress levels related to COVID-19 among patients who reappointed elective endoscopy procedures.
Materials and Methods: A total of 106 consecutive patients who underwent endoscopy were included. The independent variables were demographic information, previous COVID-19 history, hospitalization history, and death in the family; the dependent variables were the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) score and the Fear of COVID-19 scale (FCV-19S) score.
Results: Three-fourths of the participants said that the procedure could spread COVID-19; 56.6% said the equipment was sufficient, three-fourths additional precautions were needed, and information was provided; moreover, the interval between procedures was sufficient, and COVID-19 could be transmitted from materials. According to the FCV-19S, individuals who were at most 65 years old, had a history of COVID-19 infection and hospitalization, were university graduates, or were employees were frightened; in addition, in terms of the PSS-10, those who had lost their relatives due to COVID-19 and/or changed their mask often had the most significant worries. There were positive and statistically significant correlations with FCV-19S scores and PSS-10 scores, age and the number of past COVID-19 cases; however, a negative correlation was found with education level.
Conclusions: Although the frequency of the pandemic has decreased, according to this study, anxiety and fear related to COVID-19 continue in individuals who re-applied after the elective endoscopy procedure was postponed by hospitals during the pandemic period, and we think that this situation will pave the way for patients to apply to endoscopy units delayed in case of a pandemic again.
References
- Guan, W. J., Ni, Z. Y., Hu, Y., Liang, W. H., Ou, C. Q., He, J. X., et al. Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in China. New England journal of medicine, 382.18 (2020): 1708-1720. https://10.1056/NEJMoa2002032
- Chiu, P. W. Y., Ng, S. C., Inoue, H., Reddy, D. N., Hu, E. L., Cho, J. Y., et al. Practice of endoscopy during COVID-19 pandemic: position statements of the Asian Pacific Society for Digestive Endoscopy (APSDE-COVID statements). Gut, 69.6 (2020): 991-996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2020-321185
- Podboy, A., Cholankeril, G., Cianfichi, L., Guzman, E., Ahmed, A., Banerjee, S. Implementation and impact of universal preprocedure testing of patients for COVID-19 before endoscopy. Gastroenterology, 159.4 (2020), 1586-1588. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2020.06.022
- Satici, B., Gocet-Tekin, E., Deniz, M. E., & Satici, S. A. Adaptation of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale: Its association with psychological distress and life satisfaction in Turkey. International journal of mental health and addiction, 19,(2021):1980-1988. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-020-00294-0
- Cohen, S., Kamarck, T., & Mermelstein, R. A global measure of perceived stress. Journal of health and social behavior, (1983):385-396. https://doi.org/10.2307/2136404
- Eskin M, Harlak H, Demirkiran F, Dereboy Ç. The adaptation of the perceived stress scale into turkish: a reliability and validity analysis. New Symposium Journal 2013;51(3):132-140. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Mehmet-Eskin/publication/235946078_The_adaptation_of_the_Perceived_Stress_Scale_into_Turkish_A_reliability_and_validity_analysis/links/546330440cf2c0c6aec1e4f2/The-adaptation-of-the-Perceived-Stress-Scale-into-Turkish-A-reliability-and-validity-analysis.pdf
- Gok AFK, Eryılmaz M, Ozmen MM, Alimoglu O, Ertekin C, Kurtoglu MH. Recommendations for Trauma and Emergency General Surgery Practice During COVID-19 Pandemic. J Turk Travma Acil Surg J 2020;26:335-342. https://doi.org/10.14744/tjtes.2020.79954
- Rees C, Penman I. Has the COVID-19 pandemic changed endoscopy in the UK forever?. J Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023;8(1):6-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2468-1253(22)00387-9
- Celik A, Mertoglu S. COVID-19 determination of the perceived stress status of healthcare workers due to the COVID-19 pandemic: The sample of Izmir. Forbes J Med 2022;3(1):51-58 https://doi.org/10.4274/forbes.galenos.2022.84856
- Aslan I, Ochnik D, Cınar O. Exploring perceived stress among students in Turkey during the COVID-19 pandemic. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022;17(23):8961. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17238961
- Canestrari C, Bongelli R, Fermani A, Riccioni I, Bertolazzi A, Muzi M, Burro R. Coronavirus disease stress among Italian healthcare workers: The role of coping humor. Front Psychol 2021:3962. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.601574
- Jones MP, Ebert CC, Sloan T, Spanier J, Bansal A, Howden CW, Vanagunas AD. Patient anxiety and elective gastrointestinal endoscopy. J Clin Gastroenterol 2004;38(1):35-40. https://journals.lww.com/jcge/Abstract/2004/01000/Patient_Anxiety_and_Elective_Gastrointestinal.9.aspx
- Eberhardt J, Van WA, Van SP, Cann P. Information, social support and anxiety before gastrointestinal endoscopy. Br J Health Psychol 2006;11(4):551-559. https://doi.org/10.1348/135910705X72514
- Soma Y, Saito H, Kishibe T, Takahashi T, Tanaka H, Munakata A. Evaluation of topical pharyngeal anesthesia for upper endoscopy including factors associated with patient tolerance. Gastrointest Endosc 2001;53:14-8. https://doi.org/10.1067/mge.2001.111773
PANDEMİ NEDENİYLE ENDOSKOPİ İŞLEMİ ERTELENEN HASTALARDA DEVAM EDEN COVİD-19 KAYGI VE STRES DÜZEYLERİ
Abstract
Amaç : Covid-19 pandemisi hem hastalarda hem de sağlıklı bireylerde büyük korku ve strese neden olmuştur. Çalışmamızda salgının yoğun olarak yaşandığı dönemde elektif endoskopi işlemi ertelendikten sonra tekrar başvuran hastalarda Covid-19'a yönelik bilgi, tutum, kaygı ve stres düzeyleri araştırılması amaçlanmıştır.
Gereç ve Yöntemler: Endoskopi işlemi yapılan ardışık 106 hasta çalışmaya dahil edildi. Bağımsız değişkenler demografik özellikler, geçirilmiş Covid öyküsü, covid sebebiyle hastaneye yatış ve ailede covide bağlı ölüm; bağımlı değişkenler ise Algılanan Stres Ölçeği (ASÖ-10) ve Covid-19 Korkusu ölçeği (CKÖ-19S) idi.
Bulgular: Katılımcıların dörtte üçü endoskopi işleminin Covid-19'u yayabileceği ve yayılımı engellemek için ek tedbirlere ihtiyaç olduğu; ayrıca işlemde kullanılan malzemelerden hastalığın bulaşabileceği yönünde görüş bildirmiştir. CKÖ-19S'ye göre işlemden en çok 65 yaş üzeri bireyler ile Covid-19 sebebiyle hastaneye yatış öyküsü olan, üniversite mezunu çalışan bireyler korkmakta iken; ASÖ-10'a göre işlemin bulaşıcılık riskinden Covid-19 nedeniyle yakınlarını kaybetmiş ve/veya sık maske değiştirmekte olanlar bireyler endişe duymaktadır. CKÖ-19S ve ASÖ-10 yaş ve geçirilmiş Covid-19 sayısı ile pozitif yönde, eğitim düzeyi ile negatif yönde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı korelasyon göstermektedir.
Sonuç: Pandemi sıklığı azalsa da, bu çalışmaya göre pandemi döneminde elektif endoskopi işlemi ertelenip tekrar başvuran bireylerde COVİD-19 ile ilişkili anksiyete ve korku devam etmekte olup bu durumun tekrar pandemi yaşanması halinde hastaların endoskopi ünitelerine gecikmiş şekilde başvurmasına zemin hazırlayacağını düşünmekteyiz.
References
- Guan, W. J., Ni, Z. Y., Hu, Y., Liang, W. H., Ou, C. Q., He, J. X., et al. Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in China. New England journal of medicine, 382.18 (2020): 1708-1720. https://10.1056/NEJMoa2002032
- Chiu, P. W. Y., Ng, S. C., Inoue, H., Reddy, D. N., Hu, E. L., Cho, J. Y., et al. Practice of endoscopy during COVID-19 pandemic: position statements of the Asian Pacific Society for Digestive Endoscopy (APSDE-COVID statements). Gut, 69.6 (2020): 991-996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2020-321185
- Podboy, A., Cholankeril, G., Cianfichi, L., Guzman, E., Ahmed, A., Banerjee, S. Implementation and impact of universal preprocedure testing of patients for COVID-19 before endoscopy. Gastroenterology, 159.4 (2020), 1586-1588. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2020.06.022
- Satici, B., Gocet-Tekin, E., Deniz, M. E., & Satici, S. A. Adaptation of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale: Its association with psychological distress and life satisfaction in Turkey. International journal of mental health and addiction, 19,(2021):1980-1988. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-020-00294-0
- Cohen, S., Kamarck, T., & Mermelstein, R. A global measure of perceived stress. Journal of health and social behavior, (1983):385-396. https://doi.org/10.2307/2136404
- Eskin M, Harlak H, Demirkiran F, Dereboy Ç. The adaptation of the perceived stress scale into turkish: a reliability and validity analysis. New Symposium Journal 2013;51(3):132-140. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Mehmet-Eskin/publication/235946078_The_adaptation_of_the_Perceived_Stress_Scale_into_Turkish_A_reliability_and_validity_analysis/links/546330440cf2c0c6aec1e4f2/The-adaptation-of-the-Perceived-Stress-Scale-into-Turkish-A-reliability-and-validity-analysis.pdf
- Gok AFK, Eryılmaz M, Ozmen MM, Alimoglu O, Ertekin C, Kurtoglu MH. Recommendations for Trauma and Emergency General Surgery Practice During COVID-19 Pandemic. J Turk Travma Acil Surg J 2020;26:335-342. https://doi.org/10.14744/tjtes.2020.79954
- Rees C, Penman I. Has the COVID-19 pandemic changed endoscopy in the UK forever?. J Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023;8(1):6-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2468-1253(22)00387-9
- Celik A, Mertoglu S. COVID-19 determination of the perceived stress status of healthcare workers due to the COVID-19 pandemic: The sample of Izmir. Forbes J Med 2022;3(1):51-58 https://doi.org/10.4274/forbes.galenos.2022.84856
- Aslan I, Ochnik D, Cınar O. Exploring perceived stress among students in Turkey during the COVID-19 pandemic. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022;17(23):8961. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17238961
- Canestrari C, Bongelli R, Fermani A, Riccioni I, Bertolazzi A, Muzi M, Burro R. Coronavirus disease stress among Italian healthcare workers: The role of coping humor. Front Psychol 2021:3962. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.601574
- Jones MP, Ebert CC, Sloan T, Spanier J, Bansal A, Howden CW, Vanagunas AD. Patient anxiety and elective gastrointestinal endoscopy. J Clin Gastroenterol 2004;38(1):35-40. https://journals.lww.com/jcge/Abstract/2004/01000/Patient_Anxiety_and_Elective_Gastrointestinal.9.aspx
- Eberhardt J, Van WA, Van SP, Cann P. Information, social support and anxiety before gastrointestinal endoscopy. Br J Health Psychol 2006;11(4):551-559. https://doi.org/10.1348/135910705X72514
- Soma Y, Saito H, Kishibe T, Takahashi T, Tanaka H, Munakata A. Evaluation of topical pharyngeal anesthesia for upper endoscopy including factors associated with patient tolerance. Gastrointest Endosc 2001;53:14-8. https://doi.org/10.1067/mge.2001.111773
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Surgery (Other), Gastroenterology and Hepatology |
| Journal Section | Research Articles |
| Authors | |
| Early Pub Date | March 8, 2024 |
| Publication Date | |
| Submission Date | January 10, 2024 |
| Acceptance Date | February 8, 2024 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2024 Volume: 4 Issue: 10 |