Vegan, Pesketaryen, Vejeteryan Diyet ve Kanser Riski

Yağmur Yaşa; Ezgi Karadağ

doi:10.61535/bseusbfd.1342903

Review

Vegan, Pescatarian, Vegetarian Diet and Cancer Risk

Year 2024, Volume: 2 Issue: 1, 53 - 61, 25.01.2024

Yağmur Yaşa Ezgi Karadağ

https://doi.org/10.61535/bseusbfd.1342903

Abstract

Beyond genetic and environmental factors, dietary habits have emerged as significant risk factors for cancer. In recent years, there has been a notable upsurge in ethical, ecological, and health awareness, leading to the widespread adoption of vegetarian, vegan, and pescatarian diets. Research findings have illuminated the potential of these dietary choices in substantially reducing the incidence of various cancer types, with a particular emphasis on gastrointestinal cancers. Furthermore, it is imperative to emphasize the importance of meticulous diet planning to shield individuals from the potential development of other diseases arising from protein, vitamin, and mineral deficiencies.While these dietary preferences have proven effective in the realm of cancer prevention, distinct challenges may surface during the various stages of cancer treatment and hospitalization. These challenges often center on patients' concerns regarding the feasibility of adhering to their chosen diets within a hospital setting or the apprehension of revisiting past negative experiences. In light of these complexities, it is strongly recommended that oncology nurses adapt to the ever-evolving global landscape. They should proactively evaluate emerging dietary preferences and their implications for individuals' health, thereby tailoring their approach accordingly.

Keywords

Cancer, Diet, Vegan, Vegetarian, Nursing

References

Afshin, A., Sur, P. J., Fay, K. A., Cornaby, L., Ferrara, G., Salama, J. S., & Murray, C. J. (2019). Health effects of dietary risks in 195 countries, 1990-2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. The lancet, 393(10184), 1958-1972.
Anderson, K. E., Mongin, S. J., Sinha, R., Stolzenberg‐Solomon, R., Gross, M. D., Ziegler, R. G., & Church, T. R. (2012). Pancreatic cancer risk: associations with meat‐derived carcinogen -intake in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial (PLCO) cohort. Molecular carcinogenesis, 51(1), 128-137.
Battaglia Richi, E, Baumer, B, Conrad, B. (2015). Health risks associated with meat consumption: a review of epidemiological studies. Int J Vitam Nutr Res, 85, 70-78. https://doi.org/10.1024/0300-9831/a000224 Baykara, O. (2016). Kanser Tedavisinde Güncel Yaklaşımlar. Balıkesir Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 5(3), 154-165.
Beane Freeman, L. E., DeRoos, A. J., Koutros, S., Blair, A., Ward, M. H., Alavanja, M., & Hoppin, J. A. (2012). Poultry and livestock exposure and cancer risk among farmers in the agricultural health study. Cancer Causes & Control, 23, 663-670.
Bouvard, V., Loomis, D., Guyton, K. Z., Grosse, Y., El Ghissassi, F., Benbrahim-Tallaa, L., & Straif, K. (2015). Carcinogenicity of consumption of red and processed meat. The Lancet Oncology, 16(16), 1599-1600.
Brennan, P., & Davey-Smith, G. (2022). Identifying novel causes of cancers to enhance cancer prevention: new strategies are needed. JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 114(3), 353-360.
Burkholder, N., Rajaram, S., Sabaté, J. (2016). Vegetarian diets. In Encyclopedia of Food and Health, Cambridge, MA: Academic, 401-412. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-384947-2.00722-4
Castro, F., Parikh, R., Eustaquio, J. C., Derkach, A., Joseph, J. M., Lesokhin, A. M., ... & Shah, U. A. (2023). Pre-diagnosis dietary patterns and risk of multiple myeloma in the NIH-AARP diet and health study. Leukemia, 1-4. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41375-023-02132-3
De Jonge, J., Van der Lans, I.A, & Van Trijp, H.C. (2015). Different shades of grey: compromise products to encourage animal friendly consumption. Food Qual Prefer, 45, 87-99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodqual.2015.06.001
Fraser, GE. (1999). Associations between diet and cancer, ischemic heart disease, and all-cause mortality in non-Hispanic white California Seventh-day Adventists. Am J Clin Nutr, 70(3), 532-538.
Fresán, U., Mejia, MA, Craig, WJ, Jaceldo-Siegl, K., and Sabaté, J. (2019). Meat analogues from different protein sources: a comparison of their sustainability and nutritional content. Sustainability, 11(12), 3231.
Godos, J., Bella, F., Sciacca, S., Galvano, F., & Grosso, G. (2017). Vegetarianism and breast, colorectal and prostate cancer risk: an overview and meta‐analysis of cohort studies. Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, 30(3), 349-359. https://doi.org/10.1111/jhn.12426
Green, R., Allen, L. H., Bjørke-Monsen, A. L., Brito, A., Guéant, J. L., Miller, J. W., ... & Yajnik, C. (2017). Vitamin B12 deficiency. Nature reviews Disease primers, 3(1), 1-20.
Gupta, N., Patel, HD, Taylor, J., Borin, JF, Jacobsohn, K., Kenfield, SA, ... and Loeb, S. (2022). Systematic review of the effect of a plant-based diet on prostate cancer incidence and outcomes. Prostate Cancer and Prostate Diseases, 25(3), 444-452.
Hagmann, D., Sigrist, M., & Hartmann, C. (2019). Meat avoidance: motives, alternative proteins and diet quality in a sample of Swiss consumers. Public Health Nutr, 22(13), 2448-59. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980019001277.
Haider, L. M., Schwingshackl, L., Hoffmann, G., & Ekmekcioglu, C. (2018). The effect of vegetarian diets on iron status in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Critical reviews in food science and nutrition, 58(8), 1359-1374.
Iguacel, I., Miguel-Berges, M. L., Gómez-Bruton, A., Moreno, L. A., & Julián, C. (2019). Veganism, vegetarianism, bone mineral density, and fracture risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutrition reviews, 77(1), 1-18. Jang, E., & Parsh, B. (2022). Vegetarian vs. vegan diets. Nursing, 52(9), 10-11. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.NURSE.0000853992.50898.60
Johnson, E. S., & Choi, K. M. (2012). Lung cancer risk in workers in the meat and poultry industries-A Review. Zoonoses and public health, 59(5), 303-313.
Kahleova, H., Dort, S., Holubkov, R., & Barnard, N. D. (2018). A plant-based high-carbohydrate, low-fat diet in overweight individuals in a 16-week randomized clinical trial: the role of carbohydrates. Nutrients, 10(9), 1302.
Key, T. J., Appleby, P. N., Crowe, F. L., Bradbury, K. E., Schmidt, J. A., & Travis, R. C. (2014). Cancer in British vegetarians: updated analyses of 4998 incident cancers in a cohort of 32,491 meat eaters, 8612 fish eaters, 18,298 vegetarians, and 2246 vegans. The American journal of clinical nutrition, 100(1), 378-385.
Key, T. J., Appleby, P. N., Spencer, E. A. Travis, R. C., Roddam, A. W., & Allen, N. E. (2009b). Mortality in British vegetarians: results from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC-Oxford). Am J Clin Nutr, 89(5), 1613-1619.
Key, T. J., Appleby, P. N., Spencer, E. A., Travis, R. C., Allen, N. E., Thorogood, M., & Mann, J. I. (2009a). Cancer incidence in British vegetarians. Br J Cancer, 101(1), 192-197.
Kumar, P., Chatli, M. K., Mehta, N., Singh, P., Malav, O. P., & Verma, A. K. (2017). Meat analogues: Health promising sustainable meat substitutes. Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr, 57(5), 923-932. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2014.939739
Lanou, A. J., & Svenson, B. (2011). Reduced cancer risk in vegetarians: an analysis of recent reports. Cancer Manag Res, 3: 1-8. https://doi.org/10.2147/CMR.S6910
Lee, S. A., Shu, X. O., Li, H., Yang, G., Cai, H., Wen, W., ... & Zheng, W. (2009). Adolescent and adult soy food intake and breast cancer risk: Results from the Shanghai Women’s Health Study. Am. J. Clin. Nutr, 89(6), 1920-1926. Leitzmann, C. (2014). Vegetarian nutrition: past, present, future. The American journal of clinical nutrition, 100(1), 496-502.
Lemale, J., Mas, E., Jung, C., Bellaiche, M., Tounian, P., & Hepatology, F. S. P. (2019). Vegan diet in children and adolescents. Recommendations from the French-speaking Pediatric Hepatology, Gastroenterology and Nutrition Group (GFHGNP). Archives de pédiatrie, 26(7), 442-450.
Li, D. (2014). Effect of the vegetarian diet on non-communicable diseases. J Sci Food Agric, 94(2),169-173. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.6362
Loeb, S., Fu, B. C., Bauer, S. R., Pernar, C. H., Chan, J. M., Van Blarigan, E. L., ... & Mucci, L. A. (2022). Association of plant-based diet index with prostate cancer risk. The American journal of clinical nutrition, 115(3), 662-670. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqab365
Marventano, S., Pulido, M.I, Sánchez-González, C., Godos, J., Speciani, A., Galvano, F., & Grosso, G. (2017). Legume consumption and CVD risk: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Public Health Nutr, 20(2), 245-254. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980016002299
Melina, V., Craig, W., & Levin, S. (2016). Position of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics: Vegetarian Diets. J Acad Nutr Diet, 116(12), 1970-80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jand.2016.09.025
Menzel, J., Abraham, K., Stangl, G. I., Ueland, P. M., Obeid, R., Schulze, M. B., & Weikert, C. (2021). Vegan diet and bone health—Results from the cross-sectional RBVD study. Nutrients, 13(2), 685.
Naik, S., Mahalle, N., & Bhide, V. (2018). Identification of vitamin B12 deficiency in vegetarian Indians. British Journal of Nutrition, 119(6), 629-635.
Özcan, T., & Baysal, S. (2016). Vejetaryen Beslenme ve Sağlık Üzerine Etkileri. Uludağ Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 30(2), 101-116.
Parra-Soto, S., Parra-Soto, S., Ahumada, D., Petermann-Rocha, F., Boonpoor, J., Gallegos, J.L., Anderson, J., ... & Celis-Morales, C. (2022). Association of meat, vegetarian, pescatarian, and fish-poultry diets with risk of 19 cancer sites and all cancer: Findings from the UK Biobank prospective cohort study and meta-analysis. BMC Med, 20(1), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-022-02257-9
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Richter, C. K., Skulas-Ray, A. C., Champagne, C. M., & Kris-Etherton, P. M. (2015). Plant Protein and Animal Proteins: Do They Differentially Affect Cardiovascular Disease Risk? Adv. Nutr. Int. Rev. J, 6(6), 712-728. https://doi.org/10.3945/an.115.009654
Rizzo, G., & Baroni, L. (2018). Soy, Soy foods and their role in vegetarian diet. Nutrients, 10(1), 43. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10010043
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Rothgerber, H. (2015). Can you have your meat and eat it too? Conscientious omnivores, vegetarians, and adherence to diet. Appetite, 84, 196-203. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2014.10.012
Sobiecki, J. G. (2017). Vegetarianism and colorectal cancer risk in a low-selenium environment: effect modification by selenium status? A possible factor contributing to the null results in British vegetarians. European journal of nutrition, 56, 1819-1832.
Steck, S. E, & Murphy, E. A. (2020). Dietary patterns and cancer risk. Nat Rev Cancer, 20(2), 125-138 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41568-019-0227-4
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Vegan, Pesketaryen, Vejeteryan Diyet ve Kanser Riski

Year 2024, Volume: 2 Issue: 1, 53 - 61, 25.01.2024

Yağmur Yaşa Ezgi Karadağ

https://doi.org/10.61535/bseusbfd.1342903

Abstract

Genetik ve çevresel faktörlerin yanı sıra beslenme alışkanlıkları da kanser için risk faktörü oluşturabilmektedir. Son yıllarda etik, ekolojik ve sağlık açısından farkındalığın artması ile vejetaryen, vegan ve pesketaryen diyet şekli benimsenmeye başlanmıştır. Yapılan çalışmalar doğrultusunda bu diyetlerin başta gastrointestinal sistem kanserleri dahil olmak üzere birçok kanser türüne yakalanma oranında azalma sağladığı görülmüştür. Bunun yanında bireylerin protein, vitamin ve mineral eksikliğine bağlı gelişebilecek diğer hastalıklardan korunması için diyet planlamasının dikkatli yapılması gerekmektedir. Bu diyet tercihleri kanserden korunma aşamasında etkili olurken kanser tedavisi, hastaneye yatış aşamalarında da farklı sorunlar ortaya çıkabilmektedir. Bunlar; hastanelerde diyet tercihlerinin karşılanamayacağına inanmaları ya da burada geçmişteki olumsuz deneyimleri yeniden yaşayacakları düşüncesidir. Bu doğrultuda onkoloji hemşirelerinin de gelişen ve değişen dünya düzenine uyum sağlayarak yeni tercihleri ve bunların kişilerin sağlıklarına etkisini değerlendirip bakımına o yönde şekillendirmesi önerilmektedir.

Keywords

Kanser, Diyet, Vegan, Vejeteryan, Hemşirelik.

References

Afshin, A., Sur, P. J., Fay, K. A., Cornaby, L., Ferrara, G., Salama, J. S., & Murray, C. J. (2019). Health effects of dietary risks in 195 countries, 1990-2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. The lancet, 393(10184), 1958-1972.
Anderson, K. E., Mongin, S. J., Sinha, R., Stolzenberg‐Solomon, R., Gross, M. D., Ziegler, R. G., & Church, T. R. (2012). Pancreatic cancer risk: associations with meat‐derived carcinogen -intake in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial (PLCO) cohort. Molecular carcinogenesis, 51(1), 128-137.
Battaglia Richi, E, Baumer, B, Conrad, B. (2015). Health risks associated with meat consumption: a review of epidemiological studies. Int J Vitam Nutr Res, 85, 70-78. https://doi.org/10.1024/0300-9831/a000224 Baykara, O. (2016). Kanser Tedavisinde Güncel Yaklaşımlar. Balıkesir Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 5(3), 154-165.
Beane Freeman, L. E., DeRoos, A. J., Koutros, S., Blair, A., Ward, M. H., Alavanja, M., & Hoppin, J. A. (2012). Poultry and livestock exposure and cancer risk among farmers in the agricultural health study. Cancer Causes & Control, 23, 663-670.
Bouvard, V., Loomis, D., Guyton, K. Z., Grosse, Y., El Ghissassi, F., Benbrahim-Tallaa, L., & Straif, K. (2015). Carcinogenicity of consumption of red and processed meat. The Lancet Oncology, 16(16), 1599-1600.
Brennan, P., & Davey-Smith, G. (2022). Identifying novel causes of cancers to enhance cancer prevention: new strategies are needed. JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 114(3), 353-360.
Burkholder, N., Rajaram, S., Sabaté, J. (2016). Vegetarian diets. In Encyclopedia of Food and Health, Cambridge, MA: Academic, 401-412. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-384947-2.00722-4
Castro, F., Parikh, R., Eustaquio, J. C., Derkach, A., Joseph, J. M., Lesokhin, A. M., ... & Shah, U. A. (2023). Pre-diagnosis dietary patterns and risk of multiple myeloma in the NIH-AARP diet and health study. Leukemia, 1-4. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41375-023-02132-3
De Jonge, J., Van der Lans, I.A, & Van Trijp, H.C. (2015). Different shades of grey: compromise products to encourage animal friendly consumption. Food Qual Prefer, 45, 87-99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodqual.2015.06.001
Fraser, GE. (1999). Associations between diet and cancer, ischemic heart disease, and all-cause mortality in non-Hispanic white California Seventh-day Adventists. Am J Clin Nutr, 70(3), 532-538.
Fresán, U., Mejia, MA, Craig, WJ, Jaceldo-Siegl, K., and Sabaté, J. (2019). Meat analogues from different protein sources: a comparison of their sustainability and nutritional content. Sustainability, 11(12), 3231.
Godos, J., Bella, F., Sciacca, S., Galvano, F., & Grosso, G. (2017). Vegetarianism and breast, colorectal and prostate cancer risk: an overview and meta‐analysis of cohort studies. Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, 30(3), 349-359. https://doi.org/10.1111/jhn.12426
Green, R., Allen, L. H., Bjørke-Monsen, A. L., Brito, A., Guéant, J. L., Miller, J. W., ... & Yajnik, C. (2017). Vitamin B12 deficiency. Nature reviews Disease primers, 3(1), 1-20.
Gupta, N., Patel, HD, Taylor, J., Borin, JF, Jacobsohn, K., Kenfield, SA, ... and Loeb, S. (2022). Systematic review of the effect of a plant-based diet on prostate cancer incidence and outcomes. Prostate Cancer and Prostate Diseases, 25(3), 444-452.
Hagmann, D., Sigrist, M., & Hartmann, C. (2019). Meat avoidance: motives, alternative proteins and diet quality in a sample of Swiss consumers. Public Health Nutr, 22(13), 2448-59. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980019001277.
Haider, L. M., Schwingshackl, L., Hoffmann, G., & Ekmekcioglu, C. (2018). The effect of vegetarian diets on iron status in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Critical reviews in food science and nutrition, 58(8), 1359-1374.
Iguacel, I., Miguel-Berges, M. L., Gómez-Bruton, A., Moreno, L. A., & Julián, C. (2019). Veganism, vegetarianism, bone mineral density, and fracture risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutrition reviews, 77(1), 1-18. Jang, E., & Parsh, B. (2022). Vegetarian vs. vegan diets. Nursing, 52(9), 10-11. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.NURSE.0000853992.50898.60
Johnson, E. S., & Choi, K. M. (2012). Lung cancer risk in workers in the meat and poultry industries-A Review. Zoonoses and public health, 59(5), 303-313.
Kahleova, H., Dort, S., Holubkov, R., & Barnard, N. D. (2018). A plant-based high-carbohydrate, low-fat diet in overweight individuals in a 16-week randomized clinical trial: the role of carbohydrates. Nutrients, 10(9), 1302.
Key, T. J., Appleby, P. N., Crowe, F. L., Bradbury, K. E., Schmidt, J. A., & Travis, R. C. (2014). Cancer in British vegetarians: updated analyses of 4998 incident cancers in a cohort of 32,491 meat eaters, 8612 fish eaters, 18,298 vegetarians, and 2246 vegans. The American journal of clinical nutrition, 100(1), 378-385.
Key, T. J., Appleby, P. N., Spencer, E. A. Travis, R. C., Roddam, A. W., & Allen, N. E. (2009b). Mortality in British vegetarians: results from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC-Oxford). Am J Clin Nutr, 89(5), 1613-1619.
Key, T. J., Appleby, P. N., Spencer, E. A., Travis, R. C., Allen, N. E., Thorogood, M., & Mann, J. I. (2009a). Cancer incidence in British vegetarians. Br J Cancer, 101(1), 192-197.
Kumar, P., Chatli, M. K., Mehta, N., Singh, P., Malav, O. P., & Verma, A. K. (2017). Meat analogues: Health promising sustainable meat substitutes. Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr, 57(5), 923-932. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2014.939739
Lanou, A. J., & Svenson, B. (2011). Reduced cancer risk in vegetarians: an analysis of recent reports. Cancer Manag Res, 3: 1-8. https://doi.org/10.2147/CMR.S6910
Lee, S. A., Shu, X. O., Li, H., Yang, G., Cai, H., Wen, W., ... & Zheng, W. (2009). Adolescent and adult soy food intake and breast cancer risk: Results from the Shanghai Women’s Health Study. Am. J. Clin. Nutr, 89(6), 1920-1926. Leitzmann, C. (2014). Vegetarian nutrition: past, present, future. The American journal of clinical nutrition, 100(1), 496-502.
Lemale, J., Mas, E., Jung, C., Bellaiche, M., Tounian, P., & Hepatology, F. S. P. (2019). Vegan diet in children and adolescents. Recommendations from the French-speaking Pediatric Hepatology, Gastroenterology and Nutrition Group (GFHGNP). Archives de pédiatrie, 26(7), 442-450.
Li, D. (2014). Effect of the vegetarian diet on non-communicable diseases. J Sci Food Agric, 94(2),169-173. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.6362
Loeb, S., Fu, B. C., Bauer, S. R., Pernar, C. H., Chan, J. M., Van Blarigan, E. L., ... & Mucci, L. A. (2022). Association of plant-based diet index with prostate cancer risk. The American journal of clinical nutrition, 115(3), 662-670. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqab365
Marventano, S., Pulido, M.I, Sánchez-González, C., Godos, J., Speciani, A., Galvano, F., & Grosso, G. (2017). Legume consumption and CVD risk: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Public Health Nutr, 20(2), 245-254. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980016002299
Melina, V., Craig, W., & Levin, S. (2016). Position of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics: Vegetarian Diets. J Acad Nutr Diet, 116(12), 1970-80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jand.2016.09.025
Menzel, J., Abraham, K., Stangl, G. I., Ueland, P. M., Obeid, R., Schulze, M. B., & Weikert, C. (2021). Vegan diet and bone health—Results from the cross-sectional RBVD study. Nutrients, 13(2), 685.
Naik, S., Mahalle, N., & Bhide, V. (2018). Identification of vitamin B12 deficiency in vegetarian Indians. British Journal of Nutrition, 119(6), 629-635.
Özcan, T., & Baysal, S. (2016). Vejetaryen Beslenme ve Sağlık Üzerine Etkileri. Uludağ Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 30(2), 101-116.
Parra-Soto, S., Parra-Soto, S., Ahumada, D., Petermann-Rocha, F., Boonpoor, J., Gallegos, J.L., Anderson, J., ... & Celis-Morales, C. (2022). Association of meat, vegetarian, pescatarian, and fish-poultry diets with risk of 19 cancer sites and all cancer: Findings from the UK Biobank prospective cohort study and meta-analysis. BMC Med, 20(1), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-022-02257-9
Potter-Dunlop, J. A., & Alice, M. T. (2012). Dietary issues inpatients face with being vegetarian: an integrative review. Holistic nursing practice, 26(1), 30. https://doi.org/10.1097/HNP.0b013e31823bfec2
Rice, S., & Whitehead, S. A. (2006). Phytoestrogens and breast cancer-promoters or protectors?. Endocr Relat Cancer, 13(4), 995-1015. https://doi.org/10.1677/erc.1.01159
Richter, C. K., Skulas-Ray, A. C., Champagne, C. M., & Kris-Etherton, P. M. (2015). Plant Protein and Animal Proteins: Do They Differentially Affect Cardiovascular Disease Risk? Adv. Nutr. Int. Rev. J, 6(6), 712-728. https://doi.org/10.3945/an.115.009654
Rizzo, G., & Baroni, L. (2018). Soy, Soy foods and their role in vegetarian diet. Nutrients, 10(1), 43. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10010043
Rosenfeld, D. L., & Burrow, A. L. (2017). Vegetarian on purpose: Understanding the motivations of plant-based dieters. Appetite, 116, 456-463.
Rothgerber, H. (2015). Can you have your meat and eat it too? Conscientious omnivores, vegetarians, and adherence to diet. Appetite, 84, 196-203. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2014.10.012
Sobiecki, J. G. (2017). Vegetarianism and colorectal cancer risk in a low-selenium environment: effect modification by selenium status? A possible factor contributing to the null results in British vegetarians. European journal of nutrition, 56, 1819-1832.
Steck, S. E, & Murphy, E. A. (2020). Dietary patterns and cancer risk. Nat Rev Cancer, 20(2), 125-138 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41568-019-0227-4
Tantamango-Bartley, Y., Jaceldo-Siegl, K., Fan, J., & Fraser, G. (2013). Vegetarian diets and the incidence of cancer in a low-risk population. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev, 22(2), 286-94. https://doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-12-1060
Taylor, E. F., Burley, V. J., Greenwood, D. C., & Cade, J. E. (2007). Meat consumption and risk of breast cancer in the UK Women's Cohort Study. Brit J Cancer, 96(7), 1139-1146.
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Details

Primary Language	Turkish
Subjects	Nursing (Other)
Journal Section	Reviews
Authors	Yağmur Yaşa 0000-0003-3518-3321 Ezgi Karadağ 0000-0001-8001-387X
Early Pub Date	January 4, 2024
Publication Date	January 25, 2024
Submission Date	August 14, 2023
Published in Issue	Year 2024 Volume: 2 Issue: 1

Cite

APA	Yaşa, Y., & Karadağ, E. (2024). Vegan, Pesketaryen, Vejeteryan Diyet ve Kanser Riski. Bilecik Şeyh Edebali Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi, 2(1), 53-61. https://doi.org/10.61535/bseusbfd.1342903

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speech and language therapy, audiology, physiotherapy and rehabilitation, nutrition and dietetics, other multidisciplinary studies.

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