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The evaluation of the early and intermediate age-related macular degeneration with optical coherence tomography angiography

Year 2020, Volume: 45 Issue: 1, 331 - 337, 31.03.2020
https://doi.org/10.17826/cumj.659396

Abstract

Purpose: To investigate superficial and deep retinal vessels, foveal avascular zone in patients affected by age-related macular degeneration (AMD) to find whether any association between features on retinal vessel density and stage of AMD.
Materials and Methods: Ninety-four patients enrolled in the study. Patients were divided according to AMD stages. Grade 1, no AMD; grade 2, early AMD; grade 3, intermediate AMD; grade 4 geographic atrophy (GA); and Grade 5, choroidal neovascularization (CNVM). All patients underwent an ophthalmologic evaluation, including optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). The main outcome measures were superficial vessel density, deep vessel density, foveal avascular zone (FAZ).
Results: In grade 3 AMD eyes; the deep vessel density values were lower than grade 1 and grade 2 eyes. The fellow eyes of the patients with CNVM, the deep vessel density values were lower in grade 3 eyes than grade 1 and 2 eyes, the other parameters were not statistically different. The fellow eyes of the patients with grade 3, the vessel density, FAZ, AI did not show significant difference.
Conclusion: Changes in retinal capillary vessel density, which can be detected with OCTA, begin at the intermediate stage AMD. 

References

  • Reference 1. Lim LS, Mitchell P, Seddon JM, Holz FG, Wong TY. Age-related macular degeneration. Lancet (London,England). 2012;379:1728-38.
  • Reference 2. Schaal KB, Rosenfeld PJ, Gregori G, Yehoshua Z, Feuer WJ. Anatomic clinical trial endpoints for nonexudative age-related macular degeneration. Ophthalmology. 2016;123:1060-79.
  • Reference 3. Ferris FL 3rd, Wilkinson CP, Bird A, Chakravarthy U, Chew E, Csaky K, Sadda SR; Beckman Initiative for Macular Research Classification Committee. Clinical classification of age-related macular degeneration. Ophthalmology. 2013;120:844-51.
  • Reference 4. Vitale S, Clemons TE, Agron E, Ferris FL 3rd, Domalpally A, Danis RP, et al. Evaluating the validity of the age-related eye disease study grading scale fora ge-related macular degeneration: AREDS2 Report 10. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2016;134:1041-7.
  • Reference 5. de Carlo TE, Romano A, Waheed NK, Duker JS. A review of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). Int J Retina Vitreus. 2015;1:5.
  • Reference 6. Bhisitkul RB, Mendes TS, Rofagha S, Enanoria W, Boyer DS, Sadda SR, et al. Macular atrophy progression and 7-year vision outcomes in subjects from the ANCHOR, MARINA, and HORIZON studies: the SEVEN-UP study. Am J Ophthalmol. 2015;159:915–24.e2.
  • Reference 7. Daniel E, Shaffer J, Ying GS, Grunwald JE, Martin DF, Jaffe GJ, et al. Outcomes in eyes with retinal angiomatous proliferation in the comparison of age-related macular degeneration treatments trials (CATT). Ophthalmology. 2016;123:609–16.
  • Reference 8. Kaszubski P, Ben Ami T, Saade C, Smith RT. Geographic atrophy and choroidal neovascularization in the same eye: a review. Ophthalmic Res. 2016; 55: 185–93.
  • Reference 9. Saade C, Ganti B, Marmor M, Freund KB, Smith RT. Risk characteristics of the combined geographic atrophy and choroidal neovascularisation phenotype in age-related macular degeneration. Br J Ophthalmol. 2014; 98: 1729–32.
  • Reference 10. Hogg RE, Silva R, Staurenghi G, Murphy G, Santos AR, Rosina C, et al. Clinical characteristics of reticular pseudodrusen in the fellow eye of patients with unilateral neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Ophthalmology. 2014;121:1748-55.
  • Reference 11. Naysan J, Jung JJ, Dansingani KK, et al. Type 2 (subretinal) neovascularization in age related macular degeneration associated with pure reticular pseudodrusen phenotype. Retina. 2016; 36: 449-57.
  • Reference 12. Remsch H, Spraul CW, Lang GK, Lang GE. Changes of retinal capillary blood flow in age-related maculopathy. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2000;238:960–4.
  • Reference 13. Boltz A, Luksch A, Wimpissinger B, Maar N, Weigert G, Frantal S, et al. Choroidal blood flow and progression of age-related macular degeneration in the fellow eye in patients with unilateral choroidal neovascularization. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2010; 51: 4220–5.
  • Reference 14. Toto L, Borrelli E, Di Antonio L, Carpineto P, Mastropasqua R. Retinal vascular plexuses’ changes in dry age-related macular degeneration, evaluated by means of optical coherence tomography angiography. Retina. 2016; 36: 1566–72.
  • Reference 15. Sadigh S, Cideciyan AV, Sumaroka A, Huang WC, Luo X, Swider M, et al. Abnormal thickening as well as thinning of the photoreceptor layer in intermediate age-related macular degeneration. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2013; 54: 1603-12.
  • Reference 16. Coleman HR, Chan CC, Ferris FL 3rd, Chew EY. Age-related macular degeneration. Lancet. 2008;372:1835-45.
  • Reference 17. Trinh M, Kalloniatis M, Nivison-Smith L. Vascular Changes in Intermadiate Age-Related Macular Degeneration Quantified Using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography. Trans Vis Sci Tech. 2019;8(4):20
  • Reference 18. Cicinelli MV, Rabiolo A, Sacconi R, Lamanna F, Querques L, Bandello F, et al. Retinal vascular alterations in reticular pseudodrusen with and without outer retinal atrophy assessed by optical coherence tomography angiography. Br J Ophthalmol. 2018;102:1192–8.
  • Reference 19. Lee B, Ahn J, Yun C, Kim SW, Oh J. Variation of retinal and Choroidal Vasculatures in Patients With Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2018;59: 5246-55.
  • Reference 20. Shin YI, Kim JM, Lee MW, Jo YJ, Kim JY. Characteristics of the Foveal Microvasculature in Asian Patients with Dry Age-Related Macular Degeneration:An Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Study. Ophthalmologica. 2019; 23: 1-9.

Erken ve orta evre yaşa bağlı makula dejenerasyonunun optik koherens tomografi anjografi ile değerlendirilmesi

Year 2020, Volume: 45 Issue: 1, 331 - 337, 31.03.2020
https://doi.org/10.17826/cumj.659396

Abstract

Amaç: Yaşa bağlı makula dejenerasyonu (YBMD) olan hastalarda yüzeyel ve derin kapiller pleksus ve foveal avasküler zonu değerlendirmek, YBMD evresi ile kapiller damar yoğunluğu arasında ilişki olup olmadığını araştırmak.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmaya 94 hasta dahil edildi. Hastalar YBMD evresine göre sınıflandırıldı. Evre 1: YBMD yok, Evre 2: erken YBMD, Evre 3: orta evre YBMD, Evre 4: jeografik atrofi, Evre 5: koroidal neovaskülarizasyon (KNVM) evresi. Tüm hastalar optik koherens tomografi anjiografiyi de içeren tam oftalmolojik muayeneden geçirildi. Yüzeyel ve derin pleksuslarda vasküler yoğunluk, foveal avasküler zon ana ölçüm değerleri olarak belirlendi.
Bulgular: Evre 3 YBMD hastalarında derin pleksusta vasküler yoğunluk evre 1 ve 2 ye göre azalmış olarak tespit edildi. KNVM hastalarının diğer gözlerinde evre 3 YBMD tespit edilenlerde derin pleksusta kapiller yoğunluk evre 1 ve 2 ye göre daha düşük düzeylerde idi. Diğer parametrelerde farklılık yoktu. Evre 3 YBMD olan hastaların diğer gözlerinde kapiller yoğunluk ve foveal avasküler zon değerleri arasında farklılık saptanmadı.
Sonuç: OKTA ile tespit edilen retinal kapiller damarlarda değişiklikler intermediate YBMD aşamasında başlamaktadır.

References

  • Reference 1. Lim LS, Mitchell P, Seddon JM, Holz FG, Wong TY. Age-related macular degeneration. Lancet (London,England). 2012;379:1728-38.
  • Reference 2. Schaal KB, Rosenfeld PJ, Gregori G, Yehoshua Z, Feuer WJ. Anatomic clinical trial endpoints for nonexudative age-related macular degeneration. Ophthalmology. 2016;123:1060-79.
  • Reference 3. Ferris FL 3rd, Wilkinson CP, Bird A, Chakravarthy U, Chew E, Csaky K, Sadda SR; Beckman Initiative for Macular Research Classification Committee. Clinical classification of age-related macular degeneration. Ophthalmology. 2013;120:844-51.
  • Reference 4. Vitale S, Clemons TE, Agron E, Ferris FL 3rd, Domalpally A, Danis RP, et al. Evaluating the validity of the age-related eye disease study grading scale fora ge-related macular degeneration: AREDS2 Report 10. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2016;134:1041-7.
  • Reference 5. de Carlo TE, Romano A, Waheed NK, Duker JS. A review of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). Int J Retina Vitreus. 2015;1:5.
  • Reference 6. Bhisitkul RB, Mendes TS, Rofagha S, Enanoria W, Boyer DS, Sadda SR, et al. Macular atrophy progression and 7-year vision outcomes in subjects from the ANCHOR, MARINA, and HORIZON studies: the SEVEN-UP study. Am J Ophthalmol. 2015;159:915–24.e2.
  • Reference 7. Daniel E, Shaffer J, Ying GS, Grunwald JE, Martin DF, Jaffe GJ, et al. Outcomes in eyes with retinal angiomatous proliferation in the comparison of age-related macular degeneration treatments trials (CATT). Ophthalmology. 2016;123:609–16.
  • Reference 8. Kaszubski P, Ben Ami T, Saade C, Smith RT. Geographic atrophy and choroidal neovascularization in the same eye: a review. Ophthalmic Res. 2016; 55: 185–93.
  • Reference 9. Saade C, Ganti B, Marmor M, Freund KB, Smith RT. Risk characteristics of the combined geographic atrophy and choroidal neovascularisation phenotype in age-related macular degeneration. Br J Ophthalmol. 2014; 98: 1729–32.
  • Reference 10. Hogg RE, Silva R, Staurenghi G, Murphy G, Santos AR, Rosina C, et al. Clinical characteristics of reticular pseudodrusen in the fellow eye of patients with unilateral neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Ophthalmology. 2014;121:1748-55.
  • Reference 11. Naysan J, Jung JJ, Dansingani KK, et al. Type 2 (subretinal) neovascularization in age related macular degeneration associated with pure reticular pseudodrusen phenotype. Retina. 2016; 36: 449-57.
  • Reference 12. Remsch H, Spraul CW, Lang GK, Lang GE. Changes of retinal capillary blood flow in age-related maculopathy. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2000;238:960–4.
  • Reference 13. Boltz A, Luksch A, Wimpissinger B, Maar N, Weigert G, Frantal S, et al. Choroidal blood flow and progression of age-related macular degeneration in the fellow eye in patients with unilateral choroidal neovascularization. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2010; 51: 4220–5.
  • Reference 14. Toto L, Borrelli E, Di Antonio L, Carpineto P, Mastropasqua R. Retinal vascular plexuses’ changes in dry age-related macular degeneration, evaluated by means of optical coherence tomography angiography. Retina. 2016; 36: 1566–72.
  • Reference 15. Sadigh S, Cideciyan AV, Sumaroka A, Huang WC, Luo X, Swider M, et al. Abnormal thickening as well as thinning of the photoreceptor layer in intermediate age-related macular degeneration. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2013; 54: 1603-12.
  • Reference 16. Coleman HR, Chan CC, Ferris FL 3rd, Chew EY. Age-related macular degeneration. Lancet. 2008;372:1835-45.
  • Reference 17. Trinh M, Kalloniatis M, Nivison-Smith L. Vascular Changes in Intermadiate Age-Related Macular Degeneration Quantified Using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography. Trans Vis Sci Tech. 2019;8(4):20
  • Reference 18. Cicinelli MV, Rabiolo A, Sacconi R, Lamanna F, Querques L, Bandello F, et al. Retinal vascular alterations in reticular pseudodrusen with and without outer retinal atrophy assessed by optical coherence tomography angiography. Br J Ophthalmol. 2018;102:1192–8.
  • Reference 19. Lee B, Ahn J, Yun C, Kim SW, Oh J. Variation of retinal and Choroidal Vasculatures in Patients With Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2018;59: 5246-55.
  • Reference 20. Shin YI, Kim JM, Lee MW, Jo YJ, Kim JY. Characteristics of the Foveal Microvasculature in Asian Patients with Dry Age-Related Macular Degeneration:An Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Study. Ophthalmologica. 2019; 23: 1-9.
There are 20 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Ophthalmology
Journal Section Research
Authors

Emine Çiloğlu 0000-0002-1266-3333

Publication Date March 31, 2020
Acceptance Date January 28, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 45 Issue: 1

Cite

MLA Çiloğlu, Emine. “The Evaluation of the Early and Intermediate Age-Related Macular Degeneration With Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography”. Cukurova Medical Journal, vol. 45, no. 1, 2020, pp. 331-7, doi:10.17826/cumj.659396.