Abstract
Malaria is a serious infectious disease caused by Plasmodium parasites that still affects worldwide. The most common species in the world is Plasmodium vivax (P. vivax). Vivax malaria is characterized by hypnozoides forms that remain latent in the liver and cause relapses months or even years later. In addition, prolonged incubation periods are mentioned in P. vivax infection. In this study, two malaria cases who applied to our hospital with an interval of eight days and diagnosed with P. vivax were examined. One of our patients come to our country 7 months ago and the other 12 months ago from Pakistan and they did not go abroad again during this time. Neither had a previous history of malaria. In our country, malaria infection has been eradicated as a result of the destruction of Anopheles mosquitoes that transmit Plasmodium spp. since 1950, and no endemic malaria cases have been encountered since then. Despite this, it is thought that the increase in import malaria cases together with the changing mosquito fauna in recent years poses a risk in terms of endemic malaria cases. As a result, more accurate and precise data will be obtained by conducting up-to-date research and surveillance studies.
References
- Referans1 World Health Organization (WHO). Malaria. Available from: https://www.who.int/health-topics/malaria#tab=tab_1
- Referans2 Özkeklikçi A, Avcıoğlu F. Gaziantep’te 2005-2015 Yılları Arasında Sıtma Epidemiyolojisi. Türkiye Parazitol Derg. 2019;43(3):102-5.
- Referans3 Taylor AR, Watson JA, Chu CS, Puaprasert K, Duanguppama J, Day NPJ et al. Resolving the cause of recurrent Plasmodium vivax malaria probabilistically. Nat Commun. 2019;10(1):5595.
- Referans4 White MT, Shirreff G, Karl S, Ghani AC, Mueller I. Variation in relapse frequency and the transmission potential of Plasmodium vivax malaria. Proc R Soc B. 2016;283:20160048.
- Referans5 Hatipoğlu M, Ülçay A, Turhan V, Karagöz E, Erdem H, Acar A ve ark. Dış Kaynaklı İki Relaps Plasmodium vivax olgusu ve Proflakside Primakin. Turkiye Parazitol Derg. 2014;38:120-3.
- Referans6 Brasil P, de Pina Costa A, Pedro RS, da Silveira Bressan C, da Silva S, Tauil PL et al. Unexpectedly long incubation period of Plasmodium vivax malaria, in the absence of chemoprophylaxis, in patients diagnosed outside the transmission area in Brazil. Malaria Journal. 2011;10:122.
- Referans7 Garnham PCC, Bray RS, Bruce-Chwatt LJ, Draper CC, Killick-Kendrick R, Sergiev PG et al. A strain of Plasmodium vivax characterized by prolonged incubation: morphological and biological characteristics. Bull World Health Organ. 1975;52(1):21-32.
- Referans8 Bourgard C, Albrecht L, Kayano ACAV, Sunnerhagen P, Costa FTM. Plasmodium vivax Biology: Insights Provided by Genomics, Transcriptomics and Proteomics. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2018;8:34.
- Referans9 Sümer Ş, Aktuğ Demir N, Ural O, Çimen G, Yalçınkaya E. Relaps ile İzlenen Bir Sıtma Olgusu. Turkiye Parazitol Derg. 2018;42:161-3.
- Referans10 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Treatment of Malaria: Guidelines for Clinicians (United States). Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/malaria/resources/pdf/Malaria_Treatment_Guidelines.pdf
- Referans11 Shelly H, Aziz M. Anopheles eradication in Cyprus. British Medical Journal. 1949;4608(1):767-8.
- Referans12 An A. Values Grown by Cyprus (1782-1899), Ankara 2002, s.416-420.
- Referans13 An A. The First Turkish Cypriots in the Field of Medicine. Cyprus Turkish Medical Association Publication, Işık Bookstore; 2014.
- Referans14 Güler E, Özbilgin A, Çavuş İ, Şanlıdağ T, Süer K. Kuzey Kıbrıs’ta 2016-2019 Yılları Arasındaki İmport Sıtma Olgularının Değerlendirilmesi: İlk Veriler. Turkiye Parazitol Derg. 2020;44(3):126-31.
- Referans15 Violaris M, Vasquez MI, Samanidou A, Margaret CW, Andreas H. The Mosquito Fauna of the Republic of Cyprus: A Revised List. Journal of the American Mosquito Control Associationç 2009;25(2):199-202.
- Referans16 Karim AM, Yasir M, Ali T, Malik SK, Ullah I, Qureshi NA et al. Prevalence of clinical malaria and household characteristics of patients in tribal districts of Pakistan. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2021;15(5):e0009371.
- Referans17 Battle KE, Baird JK. The global burden of Plasmodium vivax malaria is obscure and insidious. PLoS Med. 2021;18(10):e1003799.
- Referans18 World Health Organization. World Malaria Report 2018. Available from: http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/275867/9789241565653-eng.pdf
Abstract
Sıtma, Plasmodium parazitlerinin neden olduğu ve halen dünyayı etkileyen ciddi bir enfeksiyon hastalığıdır. Dünyada en sık görülen tür Plasmodium vivax (P. vivax)’tır. Vivax sıtması, karaciğerde latent kalıp, aylar hatta yıllar sonra relapslara neden olan hipnozoit formlar ile karakterizedir. Bunun yanında, P. vivax enfeksiyonunda uzamış inkübasyon sürelerinden bahsedilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, sekiz gün ara ile hastanemize başvuran ve P. vivax tanısı alan iki sıtma olgusu incelenmiştir. Hastalarımızdan biri en son 7 ay, diğeri ise 12 ay önce ülkeleri olan Pakistan’dan ülkemize gelmiş ve bu sürede bir daha yurt dışına çıkmamışlardı. İkisinin de daha önceden sıtma öyküsü bulunmamaktaydı. Ülkemizde, 1950 yılından itibaren Plasmodium parazitlerini bulaştıran Anofel cinsi sivrisineklerin adadan elimine edilmesi sonucu sıtma enfeksiyonu eradike edilmiş ve o tarihten günümüze kadar geçen sürede yerli sıtma vakasına rastlanmamıştır. Buna rağmen, son yıllarda değişen sivrisinek faunası ile birlikte yurt dışı kaynaklı vakaların artmasının, yeniden yerli sıtma olgularının görülmesi açısından risk teşkil ettiği düşünülmektedir. Sonuç olarak, güncel araştırmaların ve sürveyans çalışmalarının yapılması ile daha doğru ve kesin veriler elde edilebilecektir.
References
- Referans1 World Health Organization (WHO). Malaria. Available from: https://www.who.int/health-topics/malaria#tab=tab_1
- Referans2 Özkeklikçi A, Avcıoğlu F. Gaziantep’te 2005-2015 Yılları Arasında Sıtma Epidemiyolojisi. Türkiye Parazitol Derg. 2019;43(3):102-5.
- Referans3 Taylor AR, Watson JA, Chu CS, Puaprasert K, Duanguppama J, Day NPJ et al. Resolving the cause of recurrent Plasmodium vivax malaria probabilistically. Nat Commun. 2019;10(1):5595.
- Referans4 White MT, Shirreff G, Karl S, Ghani AC, Mueller I. Variation in relapse frequency and the transmission potential of Plasmodium vivax malaria. Proc R Soc B. 2016;283:20160048.
- Referans5 Hatipoğlu M, Ülçay A, Turhan V, Karagöz E, Erdem H, Acar A ve ark. Dış Kaynaklı İki Relaps Plasmodium vivax olgusu ve Proflakside Primakin. Turkiye Parazitol Derg. 2014;38:120-3.
- Referans6 Brasil P, de Pina Costa A, Pedro RS, da Silveira Bressan C, da Silva S, Tauil PL et al. Unexpectedly long incubation period of Plasmodium vivax malaria, in the absence of chemoprophylaxis, in patients diagnosed outside the transmission area in Brazil. Malaria Journal. 2011;10:122.
- Referans7 Garnham PCC, Bray RS, Bruce-Chwatt LJ, Draper CC, Killick-Kendrick R, Sergiev PG et al. A strain of Plasmodium vivax characterized by prolonged incubation: morphological and biological characteristics. Bull World Health Organ. 1975;52(1):21-32.
- Referans8 Bourgard C, Albrecht L, Kayano ACAV, Sunnerhagen P, Costa FTM. Plasmodium vivax Biology: Insights Provided by Genomics, Transcriptomics and Proteomics. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2018;8:34.
- Referans9 Sümer Ş, Aktuğ Demir N, Ural O, Çimen G, Yalçınkaya E. Relaps ile İzlenen Bir Sıtma Olgusu. Turkiye Parazitol Derg. 2018;42:161-3.
- Referans10 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Treatment of Malaria: Guidelines for Clinicians (United States). Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/malaria/resources/pdf/Malaria_Treatment_Guidelines.pdf
- Referans11 Shelly H, Aziz M. Anopheles eradication in Cyprus. British Medical Journal. 1949;4608(1):767-8.
- Referans12 An A. Values Grown by Cyprus (1782-1899), Ankara 2002, s.416-420.
- Referans13 An A. The First Turkish Cypriots in the Field of Medicine. Cyprus Turkish Medical Association Publication, Işık Bookstore; 2014.
- Referans14 Güler E, Özbilgin A, Çavuş İ, Şanlıdağ T, Süer K. Kuzey Kıbrıs’ta 2016-2019 Yılları Arasındaki İmport Sıtma Olgularının Değerlendirilmesi: İlk Veriler. Turkiye Parazitol Derg. 2020;44(3):126-31.
- Referans15 Violaris M, Vasquez MI, Samanidou A, Margaret CW, Andreas H. The Mosquito Fauna of the Republic of Cyprus: A Revised List. Journal of the American Mosquito Control Associationç 2009;25(2):199-202.
- Referans16 Karim AM, Yasir M, Ali T, Malik SK, Ullah I, Qureshi NA et al. Prevalence of clinical malaria and household characteristics of patients in tribal districts of Pakistan. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2021;15(5):e0009371.
- Referans17 Battle KE, Baird JK. The global burden of Plasmodium vivax malaria is obscure and insidious. PLoS Med. 2021;18(10):e1003799.
- Referans18 World Health Organization. World Malaria Report 2018. Available from: http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/275867/9789241565653-eng.pdf
Details
| Primary Language | Turkish |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Clinical Sciences |
| Journal Section | Case Report |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | June 30, 2022 |
| Acceptance Date | March 13, 2022 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2022 Volume: 47 Issue: 2 |
