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Tip 2 Diyabetes Mellituslu Bireylerin Hipoglisemi Korkusunun İncelenmesi

Year 2021, Volume: 14 Issue: 3, 179 - 187, 15.07.2021
https://doi.org/10.46483/deuhfed.825712

Abstract

Giriş: Diyabetes mellitusun görülme oranının artmasıyla birlikte çoğu hasta bireylerin sıklıkla karşılaştığı semptomlardan biri olan hipoglisemiye yönelik korkuları da artmaktadır. Amaç: Bu araştırma Tip 2 diyabetes mellitus tanısı olan hastaların hipoglisemi korkusunun belirlenmesi amacı ile yapılmıştır. Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı olarak yapılan araştırmanın örneklemini Ocak – Mart 2020 tarihleri arasında bir eğitim araştırma hastanesinin dahili kliniklerinde Tip 2 diyabetes mellitus tanısı ile tedavi alan, 18 yaş üzerinde olan 250 hasta oluşturmuştur. Araştırma verilerinin toplanmasında, Tanıtıcı Bilgi Formu ve Hipoglisemi Korku Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Araştırma verilerinin analizinde ortalama, standart sapma, ortanca, yüzde (%) ve sayı (n), bağımsız gruplarda t testi ve ikiden fazla gruplarda karşılaştırmalarda One-way Anova testi kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Çalışma kapsamındaki hastalarının yaş ortalamasının 59.71 ± 7.41, %50.8’inin kadın ve %81.6’sının evli olduğu belirlenmiştir. Hipoglisemi Korku Ölçeği’nin toplam puan ortalamasının 87.49 ± 13.42, Davranış alt boyutu puan ortalamasının 49.30 ± 7.59 ve Korku alt boyutu puan ortalamasının 38.19 ± 9.46 olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bireylerin tanımlayıcı özellikleri ile Hipoglisemi Korku Ölçeği toplam puan ortalaması karşılaştırıldığında; erkeklerin, tanı süresi sekiz yıldan daha uzun olanların, diyabet ile ilgili eğitim alanların, hipoglisemi değerini bilenlerin ve nöropatisi/nefropatisi olanların Hipoglisemi Korku Ölçeği toplam puan ortalamasının istatistiksel olarak anlamlı derecede yüksek olduğu saptanmıştır (p<0.05). Sonuç: Çalışmadan elde edilen bulgulara göre, diyabetli bireylerin hipoglisemiden korktuğu görülmektedir. Hastaların korkusunu azaltmak için etkili ve güvenli tedavi seçeneklerine ek iyi bir diyabet ve hipoglisemi eğitimi alması, bilgilerinin güncel olup olmadığının takip edilmesi ve sık kontrol yapılması gerekmektedir.

Supporting Institution

Araştırmaya destekleyen herhangi bir kurum ya da kuruluş bulunmamaktadır.

Thanks

Çalışmaya katılmayı kabul eden hastalarımıza teşekkür ederiz.

References

  • 1. Wild S, Roglic G, Green A, Sicree R, King H. Global Prevalence of Diabetes Estimates for the year 2000 and projections for 2030. Diabetes Care 2004;27(5):1047-1053. Doi: https://doi.org/10.2337/diacare.27.5.1047
  • 2. Erol Ö. Hipoglisemi korkusu ve yönetiminde hemşirenin rolü. Turkiye Klinikleri J Nurs Sci 2012;4(1):37-44.
  • 3. Akram K, Pedersen-Bjergaard U, Carstensen B, Borch-Johnsen K, Thorsteinsson B. Frequency, and risk factors of severe hypoglycemia in insulin-treated type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional survey. Diabet Med 2006;23(7):750-756. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-5491.2006.01880.x
  • 4. Donnelly LA, Morris AD, Frier BM, Ellis JD, Donnan PT, Durrant R, et al. Frequency and predictors of hypoglycemia in type 1 and insulin-treated type 2 diabetes: a populationbased study. Diabet Med 2005;22(6):749-755. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-5491.2005.01501.x
  • 5. Ratzki-Leewing A, Harris SB, Mequanint S, Reichert SM, Brown JB, Black JE, et al. Real-world crude incidence of hypoglycemia in adults with diabetes: Results of the InHypo-DM Study, Canada. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2018;6(1): 1-9. Doi: https//10.1136/bmjdrc-2017-000503
  • 6. Emral R, Tetiker T, Sahin I, Sari R, Kaya A, Yetkin İ, et al. An international survey on hypoglycemia among insulin-treated type I and type II diabetes patients: Turkey cohort of the non-interventional IO HAT study. BMC Endocr Disord 2018;18(1):1-11. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12902-018-0238-2
  • 7. Cox DJ, Irvine A, Gonder-Frederick L, Nowacek G, Butterfield J. Fear of hypoglycemia: quantification, validation, and utilization. Diabetes Care 1987;10(5):617-621. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-5491.2005.01501.x
  • 8. Cryer PE. Hypoglycemia: the limiting factor in the glycemic management of type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia 2002;45(7):937-948. Doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-002-0822-9
  • 9. Frier BM. How hypoglycemia can affect the life of a person with diabetes. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2008;24(2):87-92. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/dmrr.796
  • 10. Böhme P, Bertin E, Cosson E, Chevalier N. Fear of hypoglycaemia in patients with type 1 diabetes: Do patients and diabetologists feel the same way? Diabetes Metab 2013;39:63–70. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabet.2012.10.006
  • 11. Fidler C, Elmelund CT, Christensen, Gillard S. Hypoglycemia: An overview of fear of hypoglycemia, quality-of-life, and impact on costs. J Med Econ 2011;14:646-655. Doi: https://doi.org/10.3111/13696998.2011.610852
  • 12. Gonder-Frederic LA, Vajda KA, Schmidt KM, Cox DJ, Devries JH, Erol O, et al. Examining the Behaviour subscale of the Hypoglycaemia Fear Survey: an international study. Diabetes Med 2013;30:603-609. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/dme.12129
  • 13. Erol Ö, Enç N. Hypoglycemia fear and self-efficacy of Turkish patients receiving insulin therapy. Asian Nurs Res 2011;5(4):222-228. Doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anr.2011.12.001
  • 14. Newton CA, Adeel S, Sadeghi-Yarandi S, Powell W, Migdal A, Smiley D, et al. Prevalence, quality of care, and complications in long term care residents with diabetes: a multicenter observational study. J Am Med Dir Ass 2013;14(11):842-846.
  • 15. Polonsky WH, Fisher L, Hessler D, Edelman SV. Identifying the worries and concerns about hypoglycemia in adults with type 2 diabetes. J Diabetes Complications 2015;29(8):1171-1176.
  • 16. Sakane N, Kotani K, Tsuzaki K, Nishi M, Takahashi K, Murata T, et al. Fear of hypoglycemia and its determinants in insulin‐treated patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Diabetes Investig 2015;6(5):567-570.
  • 17. Rossi MC, Nicolucci A, Ozzello A, Gentile S, Aglialoro A, Chiambretti A, et al. Impact of severe and symptomatic hypoglycemia on quality of life and fear of hypoglycemia in type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Results of the Hypos-1 observational study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2019;29(7):736-743. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.numecd.2019.04.009
  • 18. Shui ATY, Wong RYM. Fears and worries associated with hypoglycemia and diabetes complications: perceptions and experience of Hong Kong Chinese clients. J Adv Nurs 2002;39(2):155-163. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2648.2002.02255.x
  • 19. Khunti K, Alsifri S, Aronson R, Berković MC, Enters-Weijnen C, Forsén T. Impact of hypoglycaemia on patient-reported outcomes from a global, 24-country study of 27,585 people with type 1 and insulin-treated type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Res and Clin Prac 2017;130:121-129.
  • 20. Cappuccio FP, Cooper D, D'Elia L, Strazzullo P, Miller MA. Sleep duration predicts cardiovascular outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies. Eur Heart J 2011;32(12):1484-1492. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehr007
  • 21. Gjerlow E, Marit R. Bjorgaas MR, Nielsen EW, Sandra E. Olsen O B. Asvold. Fear of hypoglycemia in women and men with type 1 diabetes. Nurs Res 2014;63(2):143-149. Doi: 10.1097/NNR.0000000000000020
  • 22. Desjardins K, Brazeau AS, Strychar I, Rabasa‐Lhoret R. Are bedtime nutritional strategies effective in preventing nocturnal hypoglycaemia in patients with type 1 diabetes? Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism 2014;16(7):577-587. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/dom.12232
  • 23. Diedrich L, Sandoval D, Davis SN. Hypoglycemia associated autonomic failure. Clin Auton Res 2002;12(5):358-365. Doi: http://doi.org/ 10.1007/s10286-002-0035-9
  • 24. Anderbro T, Amsberg S, Adamson U, Bolinder J, Lins PE, Wredling R, et al. Fear of hypoglycaemia in adults with Type 1 diabetes. Diabetic Med 2010;27(10):1151-1158. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-5491.2010.03078.x
  • 25. Gonder-Frederick LA, Schmidt KM, Vajda KA, Greear ML, Singh H, Shepard JA, et al. Psychometric properties of the hypoglycemia fear survey-ii for adults with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2011;34(4):801-806. Doi: https://doi.org/10.2337/dc10-1343
  • 26. Beléndez M, Hernández-Mijares A. Beliefs about insulin as a predictor of fear of hypoglycaemia. Chronic Illn 2009;5(4):250-256. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/174239530934 6464
  • 27. Martyn-Nemeth P, Duffecy J, Quinn L, Park C, Mihailescu D, Penckofer S. A cognitive behavioral therapy intervention to reduce fear of hypoglycemia in young adults with type 1 diabetes (FREE): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2019;20(1):1-9. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13063-019-3876-4

Examination of Hypoglisemia Fear of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Year 2021, Volume: 14 Issue: 3, 179 - 187, 15.07.2021
https://doi.org/10.46483/deuhfed.825712

Abstract

Background: With the increased incidence of diabetes mellitus, sick individuals, fears of hypoglycemia, one of the symptoms they frequently experience, are also increasing. Objectives: This study was conducted to determine the fear of hypoglycemia in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: The sample of the descriptive study consisted of 250 patients over 18 years of age who were treated with the diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes mellitus in the internal clinics of a training and research hospital between January and March 2020. “Participant Form” and “Hypoglycemia Fear Scale” were used to collect research data. In the analysis of the research data, mean, standard deviation, median, percentage (%) and number (n), t test in independent groups and one-way Anova test in comparisons in more than two groups were used. Results: It was determined that the average age of the patients included in the study was 59.71 ± 7.41, 50.8% were female and 81,6% were married. It was determined that the total score average of the Hypoglycemia Fear Scale was 87.49 ± 13.42, the average score of the Behavior sub-dimension was 49.30 ± 7.59, and the mean score for the Fear sub-dimension was 38.19 ± 9.46. When the descriptive characteristics of the individuals are compared with their total score average, it was found that the mean Hypoglycemia Fear Scale total score of men, those with a diagnosis of diabetes mellitus longer than eight years, those who are educated about diabetes, those who know the value of hypoglycemia, and those with neuropathy/nephropathy was statistically significantly higher (p<0.05). Conclusion: According to the findings obtained from the study, it is seen that individuals with diabetes mellitus are afraid of hypoglycemia. In addition to effective and safe treatment options, a good diabetes and hypoglycemia training, follow-up of the current information and frequent checks are required in order to reduce the fear of the patients.

References

  • 1. Wild S, Roglic G, Green A, Sicree R, King H. Global Prevalence of Diabetes Estimates for the year 2000 and projections for 2030. Diabetes Care 2004;27(5):1047-1053. Doi: https://doi.org/10.2337/diacare.27.5.1047
  • 2. Erol Ö. Hipoglisemi korkusu ve yönetiminde hemşirenin rolü. Turkiye Klinikleri J Nurs Sci 2012;4(1):37-44.
  • 3. Akram K, Pedersen-Bjergaard U, Carstensen B, Borch-Johnsen K, Thorsteinsson B. Frequency, and risk factors of severe hypoglycemia in insulin-treated type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional survey. Diabet Med 2006;23(7):750-756. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-5491.2006.01880.x
  • 4. Donnelly LA, Morris AD, Frier BM, Ellis JD, Donnan PT, Durrant R, et al. Frequency and predictors of hypoglycemia in type 1 and insulin-treated type 2 diabetes: a populationbased study. Diabet Med 2005;22(6):749-755. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-5491.2005.01501.x
  • 5. Ratzki-Leewing A, Harris SB, Mequanint S, Reichert SM, Brown JB, Black JE, et al. Real-world crude incidence of hypoglycemia in adults with diabetes: Results of the InHypo-DM Study, Canada. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2018;6(1): 1-9. Doi: https//10.1136/bmjdrc-2017-000503
  • 6. Emral R, Tetiker T, Sahin I, Sari R, Kaya A, Yetkin İ, et al. An international survey on hypoglycemia among insulin-treated type I and type II diabetes patients: Turkey cohort of the non-interventional IO HAT study. BMC Endocr Disord 2018;18(1):1-11. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12902-018-0238-2
  • 7. Cox DJ, Irvine A, Gonder-Frederick L, Nowacek G, Butterfield J. Fear of hypoglycemia: quantification, validation, and utilization. Diabetes Care 1987;10(5):617-621. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-5491.2005.01501.x
  • 8. Cryer PE. Hypoglycemia: the limiting factor in the glycemic management of type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia 2002;45(7):937-948. Doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-002-0822-9
  • 9. Frier BM. How hypoglycemia can affect the life of a person with diabetes. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2008;24(2):87-92. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/dmrr.796
  • 10. Böhme P, Bertin E, Cosson E, Chevalier N. Fear of hypoglycaemia in patients with type 1 diabetes: Do patients and diabetologists feel the same way? Diabetes Metab 2013;39:63–70. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabet.2012.10.006
  • 11. Fidler C, Elmelund CT, Christensen, Gillard S. Hypoglycemia: An overview of fear of hypoglycemia, quality-of-life, and impact on costs. J Med Econ 2011;14:646-655. Doi: https://doi.org/10.3111/13696998.2011.610852
  • 12. Gonder-Frederic LA, Vajda KA, Schmidt KM, Cox DJ, Devries JH, Erol O, et al. Examining the Behaviour subscale of the Hypoglycaemia Fear Survey: an international study. Diabetes Med 2013;30:603-609. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/dme.12129
  • 13. Erol Ö, Enç N. Hypoglycemia fear and self-efficacy of Turkish patients receiving insulin therapy. Asian Nurs Res 2011;5(4):222-228. Doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anr.2011.12.001
  • 14. Newton CA, Adeel S, Sadeghi-Yarandi S, Powell W, Migdal A, Smiley D, et al. Prevalence, quality of care, and complications in long term care residents with diabetes: a multicenter observational study. J Am Med Dir Ass 2013;14(11):842-846.
  • 15. Polonsky WH, Fisher L, Hessler D, Edelman SV. Identifying the worries and concerns about hypoglycemia in adults with type 2 diabetes. J Diabetes Complications 2015;29(8):1171-1176.
  • 16. Sakane N, Kotani K, Tsuzaki K, Nishi M, Takahashi K, Murata T, et al. Fear of hypoglycemia and its determinants in insulin‐treated patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Diabetes Investig 2015;6(5):567-570.
  • 17. Rossi MC, Nicolucci A, Ozzello A, Gentile S, Aglialoro A, Chiambretti A, et al. Impact of severe and symptomatic hypoglycemia on quality of life and fear of hypoglycemia in type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Results of the Hypos-1 observational study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2019;29(7):736-743. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.numecd.2019.04.009
  • 18. Shui ATY, Wong RYM. Fears and worries associated with hypoglycemia and diabetes complications: perceptions and experience of Hong Kong Chinese clients. J Adv Nurs 2002;39(2):155-163. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2648.2002.02255.x
  • 19. Khunti K, Alsifri S, Aronson R, Berković MC, Enters-Weijnen C, Forsén T. Impact of hypoglycaemia on patient-reported outcomes from a global, 24-country study of 27,585 people with type 1 and insulin-treated type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Res and Clin Prac 2017;130:121-129.
  • 20. Cappuccio FP, Cooper D, D'Elia L, Strazzullo P, Miller MA. Sleep duration predicts cardiovascular outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies. Eur Heart J 2011;32(12):1484-1492. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehr007
  • 21. Gjerlow E, Marit R. Bjorgaas MR, Nielsen EW, Sandra E. Olsen O B. Asvold. Fear of hypoglycemia in women and men with type 1 diabetes. Nurs Res 2014;63(2):143-149. Doi: 10.1097/NNR.0000000000000020
  • 22. Desjardins K, Brazeau AS, Strychar I, Rabasa‐Lhoret R. Are bedtime nutritional strategies effective in preventing nocturnal hypoglycaemia in patients with type 1 diabetes? Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism 2014;16(7):577-587. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/dom.12232
  • 23. Diedrich L, Sandoval D, Davis SN. Hypoglycemia associated autonomic failure. Clin Auton Res 2002;12(5):358-365. Doi: http://doi.org/ 10.1007/s10286-002-0035-9
  • 24. Anderbro T, Amsberg S, Adamson U, Bolinder J, Lins PE, Wredling R, et al. Fear of hypoglycaemia in adults with Type 1 diabetes. Diabetic Med 2010;27(10):1151-1158. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-5491.2010.03078.x
  • 25. Gonder-Frederick LA, Schmidt KM, Vajda KA, Greear ML, Singh H, Shepard JA, et al. Psychometric properties of the hypoglycemia fear survey-ii for adults with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2011;34(4):801-806. Doi: https://doi.org/10.2337/dc10-1343
  • 26. Beléndez M, Hernández-Mijares A. Beliefs about insulin as a predictor of fear of hypoglycaemia. Chronic Illn 2009;5(4):250-256. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/174239530934 6464
  • 27. Martyn-Nemeth P, Duffecy J, Quinn L, Park C, Mihailescu D, Penckofer S. A cognitive behavioral therapy intervention to reduce fear of hypoglycemia in young adults with type 1 diabetes (FREE): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2019;20(1):1-9. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13063-019-3876-4
There are 27 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Nursing
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Şenay Gül 0000-0002-8808-5760

Güler Duru Aşiret 0000-0002-9635-1539

Cansu Okatan 0000-0002-5760-7941

Publication Date July 15, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 14 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Gül, Ş., Duru Aşiret, G., & Okatan, C. (2021). Tip 2 Diyabetes Mellituslu Bireylerin Hipoglisemi Korkusunun İncelenmesi. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Elektronik Dergisi, 14(3), 179-187. https://doi.org/10.46483/deuhfed.825712

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