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Geriatrik Bireylerde Fonksiyonel Bağımsızlığa Sanal Gerçeklik Temelli Denge Eğitiminin Etkileri: 1 Aylık Takip Çalışması

Year 2020, Volume: 8 Issue: 2, 137 - 146, 09.09.2020
https://doi.org/10.30720/ered.657114

Abstract

ÖZ
Amaç: Bu çalışmada, geriatrik bireylere verilen sanal gerçeklik temelli denge eğitiminin fonksiyonel bağımsızlığa etkisinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmaya; 65 yaş ve üzerinde, son 12 ay içerisinde en az 1 kez düşme hikayesi olan, kognitif etkilenimi olmayan ve Berg Denge Skalası’na göre denge problemi olduğu saptanan 5’i erkek, 12’si kadın toplam 17 birey dahil edilmiştir. Katılımcıların fonksiyonel bağımsızlık seviyeleri eğitim öncesinde ve sonrasında Fonksiyonel Bağımsızlık Ölçeği kullanılarak ölçülmüştür. Katılımcılar 4 hafta boyunca, haftada 2 gün 30 dakikalık toplam 8 seans denge eğitimi almıştır. Sonuçlar: Berg Denge Skalası total puanında (p=0,001), Fonksiyonel Bağımsızlık Ölçeği’nin Kendine Bakım (p=0,013), Transferler (p=0,001), Hareket (p=0,0001) ve Sosyal Algı (p=0,004) parametrelerinde ve toplam skorda (p=0,001) eğitim sonrasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı artışlar saptanmakla beraber, 1 aylık takip süresinin ardından iyileşmenin korunduğu tespit edilmiştir. Tartışma: Çalışmanın sonuçlarına göre, sanal gerçeklik temelli denge eğitimi, geriatrik bireylerde fonksiyonel bağımsızlığı artırmaktadır. Uygulaması kolay ve maliyeti düşük olan bu yöntemin olumlu sonuçlar vermesi, fonksiyonel bağımsızlık seviyeleri düşük olan geriatrik bireylerin rehabilitasyonunda kullanılabileceğini göstermiştir. Ancak bu konuda daha büyük örneklem grupları ile daha uzun süreli takibin yapıldığı ve kontrol grubunun olduğu çalışmalara ihtiyaç vardır.

References

  • Anderson, N. H. (2014). A functional theory of cognition. Psychology Press. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315805924 Aran, O. T., Şahin, S., Torpil, B., Demirok, T., & Kayıhan, H. (2017). Virtual Reality and Occupational Therapy. Occupational Therapy: Occupation Focused Holistic Practice in Rehabilitation, 181. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.68799 Bateni, H. (2012). Changes in balance in older adults based on use of physical therapy vs the Wii Fit gaming system: a preliminary study. Physiotherapy, 98(3), 211-216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physio.2011.02.004 Beard, J. R., Officer, A., De Carvalho, I. A., Sadana, R., Pot, A. M., Michel, J.-P., et al. (2016). The World report on ageing and health: a policy framework for healthy ageing. Lancet, 387(10033), 2145-2154. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(15)00516-4 Berg, K. O., Wood-Dauphinee, S. L., Williams, J. I., & Maki, B. (1992). Measuring balance in the elderly: validation of an instrument. Can J Public Health 83, S7-11. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1468055 Berg, K., Wood-Dauphine, S., Williams, J. I., & Gayton, D. (1989). Measuring balance in the elderly: preliminary development of an instrument. Physiother Can, 41(6), 304-311. https://doi.org/10.3138/ptc.41.6.304 Büyükturan, Ö., Ekici, G., Ün Yıldırım, N. (2015). Yaşlı Bireylerde Quadriceps Femoris Kas Kuvveti ile Denge ve Yaşam Kalitesi Arasındaki İlişkiler. Ergoterapi ve Rehabilitasyon Dergisi, 3(2), 87-94. ID: JA35HS74YG https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/ered/issue/33221/369687#article_cite Cadore, E. L., Rodríguez-Mañas, L., Sinclair, A., & Izquierdo, M. (2013). Effects of different exercise interventions on risk of falls, gait ability, and balance in physically frail older adults: a systematic review. Rejuvenation Res, 16(2), 105-114. https://doi.org/10.1089/rej.2012.1397 Cheng, P., Tan, L., Ning, P., Li, L., Gao, Y., Wu, Y., ... & Hu, G. (2018). Comparative effectiveness of published interventions for elderly fall prevention: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 15(3), 498. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15030498 Donath, L., Rössler, R., & Faude, O. (2016). Effects of virtual reality training (exergaming) compared to alternative exercise training and passive control on standing balance and functional mobility in healthy community-dwelling seniors: a meta-analytical review. Sports Med, 46(9), 1293-1309. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-016-0485-1 Folstein, M. F., Folstein, S., & McHugh, P. R. (1981). Mini Mental State Examination 1975. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-3956(75)90026-6 Güngen, C., Ertan, T., Eker, E., Yaşar, R., & Engin, F. (2002). Standardize mini mental test’in Türk toplumunda hafif demans tanısında geçerlik ve güvenilirliği. Turk Psikiyatri Derg, 13(4), 273-281. http://www.turkpsikiyatri.com/default.aspx?modul=turkceOzet&gFPrkMakale=412 Hassan, F. A., Minato, N., Ishida, S., & Nor, N. M. (2017). Social environment determinants of life expectancy in developing countries: a panel data analysis. Glob J Health Sci, 9(5), 105-117. https://doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v9n5p105 Holden, M. K. (2005). Virtual environments for motor rehabilitation. Cyberpsychol Behav, 8(3), 187-211. https://doi.org/10.1089/cpb.2005.8.187 Howard, M. C. (2017). A meta-analysis and systematic literature review of virtual reality rehabilitation programs. Comput Human Behav, 70, 317-327. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1016/j.chb.2017.01.013 Kaewkaen, K., Koetkhumtong, M., Decha, P., Kumnet, K., Mekurai, C., Rueangsirarak et. al. (2017). Effects of balance training incorporating with a kinect-based exergame on mediolateral postural sway in older adults with balance impairment: A pilot study. J Assoc Med Sci, 50(2), https://doi.org/236. 10.14456/jams.2017.23 Keskinoglu, P., Ucku, R., Yener, G., Yaka, E., Kurt, P., & Tunca, Z. (2009). Reliability and validity of revised Turkish version of Mini Mental State Examination (rMMSE‐T) in community‐dwelling educated and uneducated elderly. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry, 24(11), 1242-1250. https://doi.org/10.1002/gps.2252 Khanuja, K., Joki, J., Bachmann, G., & Cuccurullo, S. (2018). Gait and balance in the aging population: Fall prevention using innovation and technology. Maturitas, 110, 51-56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.maturitas.2018.01.021 Küçükdeveci, A. A., Yavuzer, G., Elhan, A. H., Sonel, B., & Tennant, A. (2001). Adaptation of the Functional Independence Measure for use in Turkey. Clin Rehabil, 15(3), 311-319. https://doi.org/10.1191/026921501676877265 Laver, K. E., Lange, B., George, S., Deutsch, J. E., Saposnik, G., & Crotty, M. (2018). Virtual reality for stroke rehabilitation. Stroke, 49(4), e160-e161. https://doi.org/10.1191/026921501676877265 Molina, K. I., Ricci, N. A., de Moraes, S. A., & Perracini, M. R. (2014). Virtual reality using games for improving physical functioning in older adults: a systematic review. J Neuroeng Rehabil, 11(1), 156. https://doi.org/10.1186/1743-0003-11-156 Oliveira, J. A. D., Guaratto, T. F., Bacha, J. M. R., Evangelista, R. A., Bocalini, D. S., Greve, J. M. D. A., & Alonso, A. C. (2018). Virtual reality in the rehabilitation of the balance in the elderly. Manual Therapy, Posturology & Rehabilitation Journal, 15, 0-0. https://doi.org/10.17784/mtprehabjournal.2017.15.481 Öz, F. (1992). Yaşlılıkta ruh sağlığı. Türk Hemşireler Dergisi, 42(2), 5-8. Özdamar, K., SPSS ile Biyoistatistik, III.Baskı, Kaan Kitabevi, Eskişehir, 1999 ISBN: 9789756428573 Pompeu, J. E., dos Santos Mendes, F. A., da Silva, K. G., Lobo, A. M., de Paula Oliveira, T., Zomignani, A. P., & Piemonte, M. E. P. (2012). Effect of Nintendo Wii™-based motor and cognitive training on activities of daily living in patients with Parkinson's disease: A randomised clinical trial. Physiotherapy, 98(3), 196-204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1980-5918.030.s01.ar07 Prata, M. G., & Scheicher, M. E. (2012). Correlation between balance and the level of functional independence among elderly people. Sao Paulo Med J, 130(2), 97-101. https://doi.org/10.1590/s1516-31802012000200005 Sahin, F., Yilmaz, F., Ozmaden, A., Kotevoglu, N., Sahin, T., & Kuran, B. (2008). Reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the Berg Balance Scale. J Geriatr Phys Ther, 31(1), 32-37. https://doi.org/10.1519/00139143-200831010-00006 Sápi, M., Domján, A., Fehérné Kiss, A., & Pintér, S. (2019). Is Kinect Training Superior to Conventional Balance Training for Healthy Older Adults to Improve Postural Control? Games Health J, 8(1), 41-48. https://doi.org/10.1089/g4h.2018.0027 Saverino, A., Benevolo, E., Ottonello, M., Zsirai, E., & Sessarego, P. (2006). Falls in a rehabilitation setting: functional independence and fall risk. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med, 42(3), 179-184. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17039213 Sieber, C. (2007). Der ältere Patient–wer ist das? Internist, 48(11), 1190-1194. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00108-007-1945-3 Skjæret, N., Nawaz, A., Morat, T., Schoene, D., Helbostad, J. L., & Vereijken, B. (2016). Exercise and rehabilitation delivered through exergames in older adults: An integrative review of technologies, safety and efficacy. Int J Med Inform, 85(1), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2015.10.008 Torpil, B., Uyanık, M., & Altuntaş, O. (2016). Huzurevinde yaşayan geriatrik bireylerde denge ve yürüme fonksiyonları ile depresyon ve fonksiyonel bağımsızlık arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. Ergoterapi ve Rehabilitasyon Dergisi, 4(2), 73-80. ISSN: 2147-8945 https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/388719 Webster, D., & Çelik, O. (2014). Systematic review of Kinect applications in elderly care and stroke rehabilitation. J Neuroeng Rehabil, 11(1), 108. https://doi.org/10.1186/1743-0003-11-108 Williams, B., Doherty, N. L., Bender, A., Mattox, H., & Tibbs, J. R. (2011). The effect of Nintendo Wii on balance: A pilot study supporting the use of the Wii in occupational therapy for the well elderly. Ocup Ther Health Care, 25(2-3), 131-139. https://doi.org/10.3109/07380577.2011.560627 World Health Organization. (2016) Ageing and Life Course. Retrieved from the Web, 18.07.2017. https://www.who.int/ageing/en/ World Health Organization. (2018). Ageing and Health. Retrieved from the Web, 31.10.2019. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/ageing-and-health Zheng, L., Li, G., Wang, X., Yin, H., Jia, Y., Leng, M., ... & Chen, L. (2019). Effect of exergames on physical outcomes in frail elderly: a systematic review. Aging Clin Exp Res, 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40520-019-01344-x Zimmerli, L., Jacky, M., Lünenburger, L., Riener, R., Bollinger, M. (2013). Increasing patient engagement during virtual reality-based motor rehabilitation. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 94:1737-46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2013.01.029
Year 2020, Volume: 8 Issue: 2, 137 - 146, 09.09.2020
https://doi.org/10.30720/ered.657114

Abstract

References

  • Anderson, N. H. (2014). A functional theory of cognition. Psychology Press. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315805924 Aran, O. T., Şahin, S., Torpil, B., Demirok, T., & Kayıhan, H. (2017). Virtual Reality and Occupational Therapy. Occupational Therapy: Occupation Focused Holistic Practice in Rehabilitation, 181. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.68799 Bateni, H. (2012). Changes in balance in older adults based on use of physical therapy vs the Wii Fit gaming system: a preliminary study. Physiotherapy, 98(3), 211-216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physio.2011.02.004 Beard, J. R., Officer, A., De Carvalho, I. A., Sadana, R., Pot, A. M., Michel, J.-P., et al. (2016). The World report on ageing and health: a policy framework for healthy ageing. Lancet, 387(10033), 2145-2154. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(15)00516-4 Berg, K. O., Wood-Dauphinee, S. L., Williams, J. I., & Maki, B. (1992). Measuring balance in the elderly: validation of an instrument. Can J Public Health 83, S7-11. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1468055 Berg, K., Wood-Dauphine, S., Williams, J. I., & Gayton, D. (1989). Measuring balance in the elderly: preliminary development of an instrument. Physiother Can, 41(6), 304-311. https://doi.org/10.3138/ptc.41.6.304 Büyükturan, Ö., Ekici, G., Ün Yıldırım, N. (2015). Yaşlı Bireylerde Quadriceps Femoris Kas Kuvveti ile Denge ve Yaşam Kalitesi Arasındaki İlişkiler. Ergoterapi ve Rehabilitasyon Dergisi, 3(2), 87-94. ID: JA35HS74YG https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/ered/issue/33221/369687#article_cite Cadore, E. L., Rodríguez-Mañas, L., Sinclair, A., & Izquierdo, M. (2013). Effects of different exercise interventions on risk of falls, gait ability, and balance in physically frail older adults: a systematic review. Rejuvenation Res, 16(2), 105-114. https://doi.org/10.1089/rej.2012.1397 Cheng, P., Tan, L., Ning, P., Li, L., Gao, Y., Wu, Y., ... & Hu, G. (2018). Comparative effectiveness of published interventions for elderly fall prevention: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 15(3), 498. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15030498 Donath, L., Rössler, R., & Faude, O. (2016). Effects of virtual reality training (exergaming) compared to alternative exercise training and passive control on standing balance and functional mobility in healthy community-dwelling seniors: a meta-analytical review. Sports Med, 46(9), 1293-1309. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-016-0485-1 Folstein, M. F., Folstein, S., & McHugh, P. R. (1981). Mini Mental State Examination 1975. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-3956(75)90026-6 Güngen, C., Ertan, T., Eker, E., Yaşar, R., & Engin, F. (2002). Standardize mini mental test’in Türk toplumunda hafif demans tanısında geçerlik ve güvenilirliği. Turk Psikiyatri Derg, 13(4), 273-281. http://www.turkpsikiyatri.com/default.aspx?modul=turkceOzet&gFPrkMakale=412 Hassan, F. A., Minato, N., Ishida, S., & Nor, N. M. (2017). Social environment determinants of life expectancy in developing countries: a panel data analysis. Glob J Health Sci, 9(5), 105-117. https://doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v9n5p105 Holden, M. K. (2005). Virtual environments for motor rehabilitation. Cyberpsychol Behav, 8(3), 187-211. https://doi.org/10.1089/cpb.2005.8.187 Howard, M. C. (2017). A meta-analysis and systematic literature review of virtual reality rehabilitation programs. Comput Human Behav, 70, 317-327. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1016/j.chb.2017.01.013 Kaewkaen, K., Koetkhumtong, M., Decha, P., Kumnet, K., Mekurai, C., Rueangsirarak et. al. (2017). Effects of balance training incorporating with a kinect-based exergame on mediolateral postural sway in older adults with balance impairment: A pilot study. J Assoc Med Sci, 50(2), https://doi.org/236. 10.14456/jams.2017.23 Keskinoglu, P., Ucku, R., Yener, G., Yaka, E., Kurt, P., & Tunca, Z. (2009). Reliability and validity of revised Turkish version of Mini Mental State Examination (rMMSE‐T) in community‐dwelling educated and uneducated elderly. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry, 24(11), 1242-1250. https://doi.org/10.1002/gps.2252 Khanuja, K., Joki, J., Bachmann, G., & Cuccurullo, S. (2018). Gait and balance in the aging population: Fall prevention using innovation and technology. Maturitas, 110, 51-56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.maturitas.2018.01.021 Küçükdeveci, A. A., Yavuzer, G., Elhan, A. H., Sonel, B., & Tennant, A. (2001). Adaptation of the Functional Independence Measure for use in Turkey. Clin Rehabil, 15(3), 311-319. https://doi.org/10.1191/026921501676877265 Laver, K. E., Lange, B., George, S., Deutsch, J. E., Saposnik, G., & Crotty, M. (2018). Virtual reality for stroke rehabilitation. Stroke, 49(4), e160-e161. https://doi.org/10.1191/026921501676877265 Molina, K. I., Ricci, N. A., de Moraes, S. A., & Perracini, M. R. (2014). Virtual reality using games for improving physical functioning in older adults: a systematic review. J Neuroeng Rehabil, 11(1), 156. https://doi.org/10.1186/1743-0003-11-156 Oliveira, J. A. D., Guaratto, T. F., Bacha, J. M. R., Evangelista, R. A., Bocalini, D. S., Greve, J. M. D. A., & Alonso, A. C. (2018). Virtual reality in the rehabilitation of the balance in the elderly. Manual Therapy, Posturology & Rehabilitation Journal, 15, 0-0. https://doi.org/10.17784/mtprehabjournal.2017.15.481 Öz, F. (1992). Yaşlılıkta ruh sağlığı. Türk Hemşireler Dergisi, 42(2), 5-8. Özdamar, K., SPSS ile Biyoistatistik, III.Baskı, Kaan Kitabevi, Eskişehir, 1999 ISBN: 9789756428573 Pompeu, J. E., dos Santos Mendes, F. A., da Silva, K. G., Lobo, A. M., de Paula Oliveira, T., Zomignani, A. P., & Piemonte, M. E. P. (2012). Effect of Nintendo Wii™-based motor and cognitive training on activities of daily living in patients with Parkinson's disease: A randomised clinical trial. Physiotherapy, 98(3), 196-204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1980-5918.030.s01.ar07 Prata, M. G., & Scheicher, M. E. (2012). Correlation between balance and the level of functional independence among elderly people. Sao Paulo Med J, 130(2), 97-101. https://doi.org/10.1590/s1516-31802012000200005 Sahin, F., Yilmaz, F., Ozmaden, A., Kotevoglu, N., Sahin, T., & Kuran, B. (2008). Reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the Berg Balance Scale. J Geriatr Phys Ther, 31(1), 32-37. https://doi.org/10.1519/00139143-200831010-00006 Sápi, M., Domján, A., Fehérné Kiss, A., & Pintér, S. (2019). Is Kinect Training Superior to Conventional Balance Training for Healthy Older Adults to Improve Postural Control? Games Health J, 8(1), 41-48. https://doi.org/10.1089/g4h.2018.0027 Saverino, A., Benevolo, E., Ottonello, M., Zsirai, E., & Sessarego, P. (2006). Falls in a rehabilitation setting: functional independence and fall risk. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med, 42(3), 179-184. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17039213 Sieber, C. (2007). Der ältere Patient–wer ist das? Internist, 48(11), 1190-1194. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00108-007-1945-3 Skjæret, N., Nawaz, A., Morat, T., Schoene, D., Helbostad, J. L., & Vereijken, B. (2016). Exercise and rehabilitation delivered through exergames in older adults: An integrative review of technologies, safety and efficacy. Int J Med Inform, 85(1), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2015.10.008 Torpil, B., Uyanık, M., & Altuntaş, O. (2016). Huzurevinde yaşayan geriatrik bireylerde denge ve yürüme fonksiyonları ile depresyon ve fonksiyonel bağımsızlık arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. Ergoterapi ve Rehabilitasyon Dergisi, 4(2), 73-80. ISSN: 2147-8945 https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/388719 Webster, D., & Çelik, O. (2014). Systematic review of Kinect applications in elderly care and stroke rehabilitation. J Neuroeng Rehabil, 11(1), 108. https://doi.org/10.1186/1743-0003-11-108 Williams, B., Doherty, N. L., Bender, A., Mattox, H., & Tibbs, J. R. (2011). The effect of Nintendo Wii on balance: A pilot study supporting the use of the Wii in occupational therapy for the well elderly. Ocup Ther Health Care, 25(2-3), 131-139. https://doi.org/10.3109/07380577.2011.560627 World Health Organization. (2016) Ageing and Life Course. Retrieved from the Web, 18.07.2017. https://www.who.int/ageing/en/ World Health Organization. (2018). Ageing and Health. Retrieved from the Web, 31.10.2019. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/ageing-and-health Zheng, L., Li, G., Wang, X., Yin, H., Jia, Y., Leng, M., ... & Chen, L. (2019). Effect of exergames on physical outcomes in frail elderly: a systematic review. Aging Clin Exp Res, 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40520-019-01344-x Zimmerli, L., Jacky, M., Lünenburger, L., Riener, R., Bollinger, M. (2013). Increasing patient engagement during virtual reality-based motor rehabilitation. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 94:1737-46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2013.01.029
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Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Rehabilitation
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Ege Temizkan 0000-0002-8275-1777

Gamze Ekici 0000-0002-7423-178X

Publication Date September 9, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 8 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Temizkan, E., & Ekici, G. (2020). Geriatrik Bireylerde Fonksiyonel Bağımsızlığa Sanal Gerçeklik Temelli Denge Eğitiminin Etkileri: 1 Aylık Takip Çalışması. Ergoterapi Ve Rehabilitasyon Dergisi, 8(2), 137-146. https://doi.org/10.30720/ered.657114
AMA Temizkan E, Ekici G. Geriatrik Bireylerde Fonksiyonel Bağımsızlığa Sanal Gerçeklik Temelli Denge Eğitiminin Etkileri: 1 Aylık Takip Çalışması. Ergoterapi ve Rehabilitasyon Dergisi. September 2020;8(2):137-146. doi:10.30720/ered.657114
Chicago Temizkan, Ege, and Gamze Ekici. “Geriatrik Bireylerde Fonksiyonel Bağımsızlığa Sanal Gerçeklik Temelli Denge Eğitiminin Etkileri: 1 Aylık Takip Çalışması”. Ergoterapi Ve Rehabilitasyon Dergisi 8, no. 2 (September 2020): 137-46. https://doi.org/10.30720/ered.657114.
EndNote Temizkan E, Ekici G (September 1, 2020) Geriatrik Bireylerde Fonksiyonel Bağımsızlığa Sanal Gerçeklik Temelli Denge Eğitiminin Etkileri: 1 Aylık Takip Çalışması. Ergoterapi ve Rehabilitasyon Dergisi 8 2 137–146.
IEEE E. Temizkan and G. Ekici, “Geriatrik Bireylerde Fonksiyonel Bağımsızlığa Sanal Gerçeklik Temelli Denge Eğitiminin Etkileri: 1 Aylık Takip Çalışması”, Ergoterapi ve Rehabilitasyon Dergisi, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 137–146, 2020, doi: 10.30720/ered.657114.
ISNAD Temizkan, Ege - Ekici, Gamze. “Geriatrik Bireylerde Fonksiyonel Bağımsızlığa Sanal Gerçeklik Temelli Denge Eğitiminin Etkileri: 1 Aylık Takip Çalışması”. Ergoterapi ve Rehabilitasyon Dergisi 8/2 (September 2020), 137-146. https://doi.org/10.30720/ered.657114.
JAMA Temizkan E, Ekici G. Geriatrik Bireylerde Fonksiyonel Bağımsızlığa Sanal Gerçeklik Temelli Denge Eğitiminin Etkileri: 1 Aylık Takip Çalışması. Ergoterapi ve Rehabilitasyon Dergisi. 2020;8:137–146.
MLA Temizkan, Ege and Gamze Ekici. “Geriatrik Bireylerde Fonksiyonel Bağımsızlığa Sanal Gerçeklik Temelli Denge Eğitiminin Etkileri: 1 Aylık Takip Çalışması”. Ergoterapi Ve Rehabilitasyon Dergisi, vol. 8, no. 2, 2020, pp. 137-46, doi:10.30720/ered.657114.
Vancouver Temizkan E, Ekici G. Geriatrik Bireylerde Fonksiyonel Bağımsızlığa Sanal Gerçeklik Temelli Denge Eğitiminin Etkileri: 1 Aylık Takip Çalışması. Ergoterapi ve Rehabilitasyon Dergisi. 2020;8(2):137-46.

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