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Ergoterapi Öğrencilerinin Toplumsal Duyarlılığı, Empati Becerileri ve Etik Değerlere Yatkınlığının İncelenmesi

Year 2023, Volume: 11 Issue: 3, 65 - 74, 15.09.2023

Fatma Nur Kocademir Medine Nur Özata Değerli Onur Altuntaş

https://doi.org/10.30720/ered.1274141

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı Ergoterapi Bölümü birinci sınıfta eğitim gören öğrencilerin toplumsal duyarlılık, empati becerileri ve etik değerlere yatkınlıkları arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesidir.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmaya 144 öğrenci dahil edilmiştir. Çalışmaya katılmayı kabul eden bireylere sosyodemografik bilgi formu, Toplumsal Duyarlılık Ölçeği (TDÖ), Empati Düzeyi Belirleme Ölçeği, (EDBÖ) ve Etik Değerlere Yatkınlık Ölçeği (EDYÖ) uygulanmıştır. Toplumsal duyarlılık, empati ve etik değerlere yatkınlık düzeyleri arasındaki ilişki incelenmiştir.
Sonuçlar: Ergoterapi Bölümü birinci sınıfta eğitim gören öğrencilerde toplumsal duyarlılık ile etik (p=0,002; r=0,253) ve empati (p=0,032; r=0,179); ve empati ile etik (p=0,001; r=0,700) arasında pozitif yönde ve istatistiksel açıdan anlamlı düzeyde bir ilişki olduğu saptanmıştır.
Tartışma: Çalışmamızda Ergoterapi Bölümü birinci sınıfta eğitim gören öğrencilerin toplumsal duyarlılıklarının, empati düzeylerinin ve etik değerlere yatkınlıklarının yüksek düzeyde olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Bu sonuçların, ergoterapinin felsefesi ile uyumlu olduğu düşünülmüştür. Ergoterapi eğitiminde toplumsal duyarlılık, etik değerlere yatkınlık ve empati kavramlarına değinilmesi önemlidir.

Keywords

Empati ergoterapi öğrencileri etik toplumsal duyarlılık

Supporting Institution

Yok

Project Number

Yok

Thanks

Yok

References

  • Akabayashi, A., Slingsby, B. T., Kai, I., Nishimura, T., & Yamagishi, A. (2004). The development of a brief and objective method for evaluating moral sensitivity and reasoning in medical students. BMC Med Ethics, 5, 1-7.
  • AOTA (American Occupational Therapy Association). (2020). Occupational Therapy Code of Ethics. Am J Occup Ther, 74, 3. https://doi.org/10.5014/ajot.2020.74S3006
  • Atasayar, B. Ş., & İşeri, Ö. (2022). Hemşirelik öğrencilerinin toplumsal duyarlılık çalışması yapmalarının bireysel girişimcilik algılarına etkisi. AvrasyaSBD, 5(2), 95-103. https://doi.org/10.53493/avrasyasbd.1029712.
  • Aydın, G. Ö., Turan, N., Irmak, A. Y., Çelikkalp, Ü., Aygün, A., & Çakır, Z. (2022). Nursing students' individual values, inclination to ethical and professional values. Perspect Psychiatr Care, 58(2), 850-860. https://doi.org/10.1111/ppc.12863
  • Barış, K., & ÇOLAKOĞLU, Ö. (2015). Empati düzeyi belirleme ölçeği (EDBÖ) uyarlama çalışması. İnönü Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 16(1), 17-30. https://doi.org/10.17679/iuefd.16127895
  • Bos, J. (2020). Research Ethics for Students in the Social Sciences. Springer Nature.
  • Bozdağ, F., & Bozdağ, S. (2021). Development of social sensitivity scale. HAYEF: Journal of Education, 18(1), 84-103. https://doi.org/10.5152/hayef.2021.20033
  • Bozdağ, F., & Ergün, N. (2020). Psychological resilience of healthcare professionals during COVID-19 pandemic. Psychol Rep, 0033294120965477. https//doi.org/: 10.1177/0033294120965477
  • Brown, T., Williams, B., Boyle, M., Molloy, A., McKenna, L., Molloy, L. et. al. (2010). Levels of empathy in undergraduate occupational therapy students. Occup Ther Int, 17(3), 135-141. https://doi.org/10.1002/oti.297
  • Bushby, K., Chan, J., Druif, S., Ho, K., & Kinsella, E. A. (2015). Ethical tensions in occupational therapy practice: a scoping review. Br J Occup Ther, 78(4), 212-221.
  • Cuff, B. M., Brown, S. J., Taylor, L., & Howat, D. J. (2016). Empathy: a review of the concept. Emotion Review, 8(2), 144-153. https://doi.org/10.1177/0308022614564770
  • Falvo, D. R., & Parker, R. M. (2000). Ethics in rehabilitation education and research. Rehabil Couns Bull, 43(4), 197-202. https://doi.org/10.1177/003435520004300403.
  • Haddad, A. M. (1988). Teaching ethical analysis in occupational therapy. Am J Occup Ther, 42(5), 300-304. https://doi.org/10.5014/ajot.42.5.300
  • Hilmi, M. Z., & Apriawan, A. (2021). Peran keterlibatan orang tua dalam menumbuhkan kepekaan sosial anak di desa sepit kecamatan keruak kabupaten lombok timur. J Ilm Wahana Pendidik, 7(7), 273-280. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5715666
  • Hojat, M., Zuckerman, M., Magee, M., Mangione, S., Nasca, T., Vergare, M., et al. (2005). Empathy in medical students as related to specialty interest, personality, and perceptions of mother and father. Pers Individ Dif, 39(7), 1205-1215. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.paid.2005.04.007
  • Jamieson, M., Krupa, T., O'Riordan, A., O'Connor, D., Paterson, M., Ball, C., et al. (2006). Developing empathy as a foundation of client-centred practice: evaluation of a university curriculum initiative. Can J Occup Ther, 73(2), 76-85. https://doi.org/ 10.2182/cjot.05.0008
  • Kaya, İ. (2015). Etik Değerlere Yatkınlık Ölçeği: geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. J Int Soc Res, 8(41). https://doi.org/10.17719/jisr.20154115078
  • Kırca, N., Bademli, K., & Özgönül, M. L. (2020). Öğrenci hemşirelerin etik değerlere yatkınlık durumlarının belirlenmesi. Journal of Nursology, 23(3), 410-417. https://doi.org/10.17049/ataunihem.766255
  • Kutlu, M., Çolakoğlu, N., & Özgüvenç, Z. P. (2010). Hasta hekim ilişkisinde empatinin önemi hakkında bir araştırma. Sağlıkta Performans ve Kalite Dergisi, 2(2), 127-143.
  • Lawrence, E. J., Shaw, P., Baker, D., Baron-Cohen, S., & David, A. S. (2004). Measuring empathy: reliability and validity of the Empathy Quotient. Psychol Med, 34(5), 911-920. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0033291703001624
  • Liu, Q., Wu, J., Zhou, Z., & Wang, W. (2020). Parental technoference and smartphone addiction in Chinese adolescents: the mediating role of social sensitivity and loneliness. Child Youth Serv Rev, 118, 105434. https://doi.org/10.1111/ejop.12702
  • Magrì, E. (2022). Social sensitivity and the ethics of attention. Eur J Philos, 30(2), 725-739.
  • Milliken, A., & Grace, P. (2017). Nurse ethical awareness: Understanding the nature of everyday practice. Nurs Ethics, 24(5), 517-524. https://doi.org/10.1177/0969733015615172
  • Rothenberg, B. B. (1970). Children's social sensitivity and the relationship to interpersonal competence, intrapersonal comfort, and intellectual level. Dev Psychol, 2(3), 335. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0029175
  • Serrada-Tejeda, S., Martínez-Piedrola, R. M., Huertas-Hoyas, E., Máximo-Bocanegra, N., Trugeda-Pedrajo, N., Rodríguez-Pérez, M. P., et al. (2022). Empathy in occupational therapy students: a cross-sectional study at a Spanish university. BMJ open, 12(4), e058821. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-058821
  • Serrada-Tejeda, S., Sánchez-Herrera-Baeza, P., Rodríguez-Pérez, M., Máximo-Bocanegra, N., Martínez-Piédrola, R. M., Trugeda-Pedrajo, N. et. al. (2021). Cultural adaptation and psychometric properties of the Jefferson empathy scale health professions students’ version in Spanish Occupational therapy students. BMC Medical Education, 21(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-021-02845-y
  • Staub, E. (2012). Psychology and morality in genocide and violent conflict: perpetrators, passive bystanders, and rescuers. In M. Mikulincer & P. R. Shaver (Eds.), The Social Psychology of Morality: Exploring the Causes of Good and Evil, (pp. 381–398). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/13091-021
  • Süzen, L. B. (2017). Akdeniz Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi'nde uygulanan toplumsal duyarlılık projeleri ile ilgili öğrencilerin görüşleri. Akd Tıp D, 3(1), 35-40.
  • VanderKaay, S., Letts, L., Jung, B., & Moll, S. E. (2019). On-line ethics education for occupational therapy clinician–educators: A single-group pre-/post-test study. Disabil Rehabil, 41(23), 2841-2853. https://doi.org/ 10.1080/09638288.2018.1473510
  • White, E., & Barnitt, R. (2000). Empowered or discouraged? A study of people with learning disabilities and their experience of engaging in intimate relationships. Br J Occup Ther, 63(6), 270-276. https://doi.org/10.1177/030802260006300605.
  • Wilkinson, H., Whittington, R., Perry, L., & Eames, C. (2017). Examining the relationship between burnout and empathy in healthcare professionals: a systematic review. Burn Res, 6, 18-29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.burn.2017.06.003
  • Wilson, S. E., Prescott, J., & Becket, G. (2012). Empathy levels in first-and third-year students in health and non-health disciplines. Am J Pharm Educ, 76(2). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rce.2018.09.002.
  • World Federation of Occupational Therapists. (2016). Revised minimum standards for the education of occupational therapists 2002. WFOT Assets. (Erişim Tarihi: 03.02.2023) https://wfot.org/assets/resources/COPYRIGHTED-World-Federation-of Occupational-Therapists-Minimum-Standards-for-the-Education-of-Occupational-Therapists-2016a.pdf
  • Yuguero, O., Esquerda, M., Viñas, J., Soler-Gonzalez, J., & Pifarré, J. (2019). Ethics and empathy: the relationship between moral reasoning, ethical sensitivity and empathy in medical students. Rev Clín Esp (English Edition), 219(2), 73-78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rce.2018.09.002

Investigation of Occupational Therapy Students' Social Sensitivity, Empathy Skills, and Susceptibility to Ethical Values

Year 2023, Volume: 11 Issue: 3, 65 - 74, 15.09.2023

Fatma Nur Kocademir Medine Nur Özata Değerli Onur Altuntaş

https://doi.org/10.30720/ered.1274141

Abstract

Purpose: The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between the social sensitivity, empathy skills, and ethical values of the first-year students of the occupational therapy undergraduate programme.
Material and Methods: A total of 144 students were included in the study. The sociodemographic information form, the Social Sensitivity Scale (SSS), The Empathy Quotient (EQ), and the Inclination to Ethical Values Scale were applied to individuals who agreed to participate in the study. The relationship between social sensitivity, empathy, and susceptibility to ethical values was examined.
Results: There were statistically positive and significant relationships between social sensitivity and ethics (p = 0,002; r = 0,253) and empathy (p = 0.032; r = 0.179) and empathy and ethics (p = 0.001; r = 0.700) in first-year students of the occupational therapy programme.
Discussion: In our study, it was concluded that the students studying in the first year of the occupational therapy program have a high level of social sensitivity, high empathy levels, and a predisposition to ethical values. These results were thought to be consistent with the philosophy of occupational therapy. It is important to address the concepts of social sensitivity, predisposition to ethical values, and empathy in occupational therapy training.

Keywords

empathy occupational therapy students ethics social sensitivity

Project Number

Yok

References

  • Akabayashi, A., Slingsby, B. T., Kai, I., Nishimura, T., & Yamagishi, A. (2004). The development of a brief and objective method for evaluating moral sensitivity and reasoning in medical students. BMC Med Ethics, 5, 1-7.
  • AOTA (American Occupational Therapy Association). (2020). Occupational Therapy Code of Ethics. Am J Occup Ther, 74, 3. https://doi.org/10.5014/ajot.2020.74S3006
  • Atasayar, B. Ş., & İşeri, Ö. (2022). Hemşirelik öğrencilerinin toplumsal duyarlılık çalışması yapmalarının bireysel girişimcilik algılarına etkisi. AvrasyaSBD, 5(2), 95-103. https://doi.org/10.53493/avrasyasbd.1029712.
  • Aydın, G. Ö., Turan, N., Irmak, A. Y., Çelikkalp, Ü., Aygün, A., & Çakır, Z. (2022). Nursing students' individual values, inclination to ethical and professional values. Perspect Psychiatr Care, 58(2), 850-860. https://doi.org/10.1111/ppc.12863
  • Barış, K., & ÇOLAKOĞLU, Ö. (2015). Empati düzeyi belirleme ölçeği (EDBÖ) uyarlama çalışması. İnönü Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 16(1), 17-30. https://doi.org/10.17679/iuefd.16127895
  • Bos, J. (2020). Research Ethics for Students in the Social Sciences. Springer Nature.
  • Bozdağ, F., & Bozdağ, S. (2021). Development of social sensitivity scale. HAYEF: Journal of Education, 18(1), 84-103. https://doi.org/10.5152/hayef.2021.20033
  • Bozdağ, F., & Ergün, N. (2020). Psychological resilience of healthcare professionals during COVID-19 pandemic. Psychol Rep, 0033294120965477. https//doi.org/: 10.1177/0033294120965477
  • Brown, T., Williams, B., Boyle, M., Molloy, A., McKenna, L., Molloy, L. et. al. (2010). Levels of empathy in undergraduate occupational therapy students. Occup Ther Int, 17(3), 135-141. https://doi.org/10.1002/oti.297
  • Bushby, K., Chan, J., Druif, S., Ho, K., & Kinsella, E. A. (2015). Ethical tensions in occupational therapy practice: a scoping review. Br J Occup Ther, 78(4), 212-221.
  • Cuff, B. M., Brown, S. J., Taylor, L., & Howat, D. J. (2016). Empathy: a review of the concept. Emotion Review, 8(2), 144-153. https://doi.org/10.1177/0308022614564770
  • Falvo, D. R., & Parker, R. M. (2000). Ethics in rehabilitation education and research. Rehabil Couns Bull, 43(4), 197-202. https://doi.org/10.1177/003435520004300403.
  • Haddad, A. M. (1988). Teaching ethical analysis in occupational therapy. Am J Occup Ther, 42(5), 300-304. https://doi.org/10.5014/ajot.42.5.300
  • Hilmi, M. Z., & Apriawan, A. (2021). Peran keterlibatan orang tua dalam menumbuhkan kepekaan sosial anak di desa sepit kecamatan keruak kabupaten lombok timur. J Ilm Wahana Pendidik, 7(7), 273-280. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5715666
  • Hojat, M., Zuckerman, M., Magee, M., Mangione, S., Nasca, T., Vergare, M., et al. (2005). Empathy in medical students as related to specialty interest, personality, and perceptions of mother and father. Pers Individ Dif, 39(7), 1205-1215. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.paid.2005.04.007
  • Jamieson, M., Krupa, T., O'Riordan, A., O'Connor, D., Paterson, M., Ball, C., et al. (2006). Developing empathy as a foundation of client-centred practice: evaluation of a university curriculum initiative. Can J Occup Ther, 73(2), 76-85. https://doi.org/ 10.2182/cjot.05.0008
  • Kaya, İ. (2015). Etik Değerlere Yatkınlık Ölçeği: geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. J Int Soc Res, 8(41). https://doi.org/10.17719/jisr.20154115078
  • Kırca, N., Bademli, K., & Özgönül, M. L. (2020). Öğrenci hemşirelerin etik değerlere yatkınlık durumlarının belirlenmesi. Journal of Nursology, 23(3), 410-417. https://doi.org/10.17049/ataunihem.766255
  • Kutlu, M., Çolakoğlu, N., & Özgüvenç, Z. P. (2010). Hasta hekim ilişkisinde empatinin önemi hakkında bir araştırma. Sağlıkta Performans ve Kalite Dergisi, 2(2), 127-143.
  • Lawrence, E. J., Shaw, P., Baker, D., Baron-Cohen, S., & David, A. S. (2004). Measuring empathy: reliability and validity of the Empathy Quotient. Psychol Med, 34(5), 911-920. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0033291703001624
  • Liu, Q., Wu, J., Zhou, Z., & Wang, W. (2020). Parental technoference and smartphone addiction in Chinese adolescents: the mediating role of social sensitivity and loneliness. Child Youth Serv Rev, 118, 105434. https://doi.org/10.1111/ejop.12702
  • Magrì, E. (2022). Social sensitivity and the ethics of attention. Eur J Philos, 30(2), 725-739.
  • Milliken, A., & Grace, P. (2017). Nurse ethical awareness: Understanding the nature of everyday practice. Nurs Ethics, 24(5), 517-524. https://doi.org/10.1177/0969733015615172
  • Rothenberg, B. B. (1970). Children's social sensitivity and the relationship to interpersonal competence, intrapersonal comfort, and intellectual level. Dev Psychol, 2(3), 335. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0029175
  • Serrada-Tejeda, S., Martínez-Piedrola, R. M., Huertas-Hoyas, E., Máximo-Bocanegra, N., Trugeda-Pedrajo, N., Rodríguez-Pérez, M. P., et al. (2022). Empathy in occupational therapy students: a cross-sectional study at a Spanish university. BMJ open, 12(4), e058821. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-058821
  • Serrada-Tejeda, S., Sánchez-Herrera-Baeza, P., Rodríguez-Pérez, M., Máximo-Bocanegra, N., Martínez-Piédrola, R. M., Trugeda-Pedrajo, N. et. al. (2021). Cultural adaptation and psychometric properties of the Jefferson empathy scale health professions students’ version in Spanish Occupational therapy students. BMC Medical Education, 21(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-021-02845-y
  • Staub, E. (2012). Psychology and morality in genocide and violent conflict: perpetrators, passive bystanders, and rescuers. In M. Mikulincer & P. R. Shaver (Eds.), The Social Psychology of Morality: Exploring the Causes of Good and Evil, (pp. 381–398). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/13091-021
  • Süzen, L. B. (2017). Akdeniz Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi'nde uygulanan toplumsal duyarlılık projeleri ile ilgili öğrencilerin görüşleri. Akd Tıp D, 3(1), 35-40.
  • VanderKaay, S., Letts, L., Jung, B., & Moll, S. E. (2019). On-line ethics education for occupational therapy clinician–educators: A single-group pre-/post-test study. Disabil Rehabil, 41(23), 2841-2853. https://doi.org/ 10.1080/09638288.2018.1473510
  • White, E., & Barnitt, R. (2000). Empowered or discouraged? A study of people with learning disabilities and their experience of engaging in intimate relationships. Br J Occup Ther, 63(6), 270-276. https://doi.org/10.1177/030802260006300605.
  • Wilkinson, H., Whittington, R., Perry, L., & Eames, C. (2017). Examining the relationship between burnout and empathy in healthcare professionals: a systematic review. Burn Res, 6, 18-29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.burn.2017.06.003
  • Wilson, S. E., Prescott, J., & Becket, G. (2012). Empathy levels in first-and third-year students in health and non-health disciplines. Am J Pharm Educ, 76(2). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rce.2018.09.002.
  • World Federation of Occupational Therapists. (2016). Revised minimum standards for the education of occupational therapists 2002. WFOT Assets. (Erişim Tarihi: 03.02.2023) https://wfot.org/assets/resources/COPYRIGHTED-World-Federation-of Occupational-Therapists-Minimum-Standards-for-the-Education-of-Occupational-Therapists-2016a.pdf
  • Yuguero, O., Esquerda, M., Viñas, J., Soler-Gonzalez, J., & Pifarré, J. (2019). Ethics and empathy: the relationship between moral reasoning, ethical sensitivity and empathy in medical students. Rev Clín Esp (English Edition), 219(2), 73-78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rce.2018.09.002
There are 34 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Special Education and Disabled Education, Rehabilitation
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Fatma Nur Kocademir 0000-0002-9052-4371

Medine Nur Özata Değerli 0000-0003-4776-3892

Onur Altuntaş 0000-0002-2403-2096

Project Number Yok
Publication Date September 15, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 11 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Kocademir, F. N., Özata Değerli, M. N., & Altuntaş, O. (2023). Ergoterapi Öğrencilerinin Toplumsal Duyarlılığı, Empati Becerileri ve Etik Değerlere Yatkınlığının İncelenmesi. Ergoterapi Ve Rehabilitasyon Dergisi, 11(3), 65-74. https://doi.org/10.30720/ered.1274141
AMA Kocademir FN, Özata Değerli MN, Altuntaş O. Ergoterapi Öğrencilerinin Toplumsal Duyarlılığı, Empati Becerileri ve Etik Değerlere Yatkınlığının İncelenmesi. Ergoterapi ve Rehabilitasyon Dergisi. September 2023;11(3):65-74. doi:10.30720/ered.1274141
Chicago Kocademir, Fatma Nur, Medine Nur Özata Değerli, and Onur Altuntaş. “Ergoterapi Öğrencilerinin Toplumsal Duyarlılığı, Empati Becerileri Ve Etik Değerlere Yatkınlığının İncelenmesi”. Ergoterapi Ve Rehabilitasyon Dergisi 11, no. 3 (September 2023): 65-74. https://doi.org/10.30720/ered.1274141.
EndNote Kocademir FN, Özata Değerli MN, Altuntaş O (September 1, 2023) Ergoterapi Öğrencilerinin Toplumsal Duyarlılığı, Empati Becerileri ve Etik Değerlere Yatkınlığının İncelenmesi. Ergoterapi ve Rehabilitasyon Dergisi 11 3 65–74.
IEEE F. N. Kocademir, M. N. Özata Değerli, and O. Altuntaş, “Ergoterapi Öğrencilerinin Toplumsal Duyarlılığı, Empati Becerileri ve Etik Değerlere Yatkınlığının İncelenmesi”, Ergoterapi ve Rehabilitasyon Dergisi, vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 65–74, 2023, doi: 10.30720/ered.1274141.
ISNAD Kocademir, Fatma Nur et al. “Ergoterapi Öğrencilerinin Toplumsal Duyarlılığı, Empati Becerileri Ve Etik Değerlere Yatkınlığının İncelenmesi”. Ergoterapi ve Rehabilitasyon Dergisi 11/3 (September 2023), 65-74. https://doi.org/10.30720/ered.1274141.
JAMA Kocademir FN, Özata Değerli MN, Altuntaş O. Ergoterapi Öğrencilerinin Toplumsal Duyarlılığı, Empati Becerileri ve Etik Değerlere Yatkınlığının İncelenmesi. Ergoterapi ve Rehabilitasyon Dergisi. 2023;11:65–74.
MLA Kocademir, Fatma Nur et al. “Ergoterapi Öğrencilerinin Toplumsal Duyarlılığı, Empati Becerileri Ve Etik Değerlere Yatkınlığının İncelenmesi”. Ergoterapi Ve Rehabilitasyon Dergisi, vol. 11, no. 3, 2023, pp. 65-74, doi:10.30720/ered.1274141.
Vancouver Kocademir FN, Özata Değerli MN, Altuntaş O. Ergoterapi Öğrencilerinin Toplumsal Duyarlılığı, Empati Becerileri ve Etik Değerlere Yatkınlığının İncelenmesi. Ergoterapi ve Rehabilitasyon Dergisi. 2023;11(3):65-74.
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