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THE EFFECT OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY LEVELS AND FIBER CONSUMPTION ON BOWEL HABITS OF INDIVIDUALS AGED 40 YEARS AND OLDER LIVING IN RURAL AREAS

Year 2023, Volume: 8 Issue: 3, 351 - 360, 29.10.2023
https://doi.org/10.35232/estudamhsd.1300909

Abstract

This study was conducted to examine the effects of physical activity levels and fiber consumption on bowel habits of individuals aged 40 years and older living in rural areas. This study was a cross-sectional study conducted on a total of 584 male/female individuals aged 40 years and older living in rural areas. A questionnaire consisting of sociodemographic information, Bristol Stool Scale, International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form (IPAQ) and a three-day food consumption record was used for evaluation. The main tests used in statistical analysis were Chi-square test, Mann Whitney U test and Kruskal Wallis test. Among the individuals who participated in the study, 17.5% had a frequency of defecation three times a week or less. It was determined that especially in individuals aged 70 years and over, pulp consumption was inadequate and the frequency of defecation was three times a week or less. The median daily fiber intake was 20.65 g, and men (21.9 g) consumed more fiber than women (20.1 g (p<0.05). It was determined that 26.9% of the individuals were inactive. When physical activity status and frequency of defecation were examined, it was determined that minimally active individuals had a frequency of defecation once a day (p<0.05). Gender, advanced age, low consumption of fiber and water, and insufficient physical activity level have an effect on the bowel habits of individuals. Since the study included individuals living in a certain rural area, more large-scale studies are needed.

References

  • 1. Hills RD, Jr., Pontefract BA, Mishcon HR, Black CA, Sutton SC, Theberge CR. Gut Microbiome: Profound Implications for Diet and Disease. Nutrients. 2019;11(7). doi:10.3390/nu11071613.
  • 2. Wald A, Mueller-Lissner S, Kamm MA, Hinkel U, Richter E, Schuijt C, et al. Survey of laxative use by adults with self-defined constipation in South America and Asia: a comparison of six countries. Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics. 2010;31(2):274-84. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2036.2009.04169.x.
  • 3. Walter SA, Kjellström L, Nyhlin H, Talley NJ, Agréus L. Assessment of normal bowel habits in the general adult population: the Popcol study. Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. 2010;45(5):556-66. doi:10.3109/00365520903551332.
  • 4. Zhou H, Yao M, Cheng GY, Chen YP, Li DG. Prevalence and associated factors of functional gastrointestinal disorders and bowel habits in Chinese adolescents: a school-based study. Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition. 2011;53(2):168-73. doi:10.1097/MPG.0b013e3182125388.
  • 5. Brenner DM, Shah M. Chronic Constipation. Gastroenterology Clinics of North America. 2016;45(2):205-16. doi:10.1016/j.gtc.2016.02.013.
  • 6. Lembo A, Camilleri M. Chronic constipation. NEJM. 2003;349(14):1360-8. DOI:10.1056/NEJMra020995.
  • 7. Forootan M, Bagheri N, Darvishi M. Chronic constipation: A review of literature. Medicine. 2018;97(20):e10631. doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000010631.
  • 8. Suares NC, Ford AC. Prevalence of, and Risk Factors for Chronic Idiopathic Constipation in the Community: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Official journal of the American College of Gastroenterology. 2011;106(9):1582-91. doi:10.1038/ajg.2011.164.
  • 9. Peters HP, De Vries WR, Vanberge-Henegouwen GP, Akkermans LM. Potential benefits and hazards of physical activity and exercise on the gastrointestinal tract. Gut. 2001;48(3):435-9. doi:10.1136/gut.48.3.435.
  • 10. Vardar R. Kronik İdiyopatik Konstipasyonda Tedavi: Etyopatogenez Yol Gösterir mi? Güncel Gastroenteroloji. 2015;19(2):79-85. Available from:https://guncel.tgv.org.tr/journal/62/pdf/10 0399.pdf
  • 11. Rasmussen HE, Hamaker B, Rajan KB, Mutlu E, Green SJ, Brown M, et al. Starch-entrapped microsphere fibers improve bowel habit but do not exhibit prebiotic capacity in those with unsatisfactory bowel habits: a phase I, randomized, double-blind, controlled human trial. Nutrition Research (New York, NY). 2017;44:27-37. doi:10.1016/j.nutres.2017.05.015.
  • 12. Burdurlu S, Karadeniz F. Gıdalarda diyet lifinin önemi. Gıda Mühendisliği Dergisi. 2003;7(15):18-25. Available from: https://www.gidamo.org.tr/resimler/ekler/f6ffe13a5d75b2d_ek.pdf?dergi=15
  • 13. Dülger D, Gahan Y. Diyet Lifin Özellikleri ve Sağlık Üzerindeki Etkileri. Uludağ Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi. 2011;25(2):147-58. Available from: https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/154154
  • 14. Axelrod CH, Saps M. The Role of Fiber in the Treatment of Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders in Children. Nutrients. 2018;10(11). doi:10.3390/nu10111650.
  • 15. Akbulut G. Gastrointestinal Sistem Hastalıklarında Tıbbi Beslenme Tedavisi. Ankara: Nobel Tıp Kitapevi; 2017; pp.285.
  • 16. Samur G, Mercanligil SM. Diyet Posası ve Beslenme. Ankara, 2008; pp. 7-16. Available from: https://www.halksagligiokulu.org/Kitap/DownloadEBook/2451da16-b83d-4513-beb5-df6b67d8acb9
  • 17. Johanson JF. Geographic distribution of constipation in the United States. The American Journal of Gastroenterology. 1998;93(2):188-91. doi:10.1111/j.1572-0241.1998.00188.x.
  • 18. Mugie SM, Benninga MA, Di Lorenzo C. Epidemiology of constipation in children and adults: a systematic review. Best Practice and Research Clinical Gastroenterology. 2011;25(1):3-18. doi:10.1016/j.bpg.2010.12.010.
  • 19. Frank L, Flynn J, Rothman M. Use of a self-report constipation questionnaire with older adults in long-term care. The Gerontologist. 2001;41(6):778-86. doi:10.1093/geront/41.6.778.
  • 20. Lewis SJ, Heaton KW. Stool form scale as a useful guide to intestinal transit time. Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. 1997;32(9):920-4. doi:10.3109/00365529709011203.
  • 21. Saglam M, Arikan H, Savci S, Inal-Ince D, Bosnak-Guclu M, Karabulut E, et al. International physical activity questionnaire: reliability and validity of the Turkish version. Perceptual and Motor skills. 2010;111(1):278-84. doi:10.2466/06.08.PMS.111.4.278-284.
  • 22. Craig CL, Marshall AL, Sjöström M, Bauman AE, Booth ML, Ainsworth BE, et al. International physical activity questionnaire: 12-country reliability and validity. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 2003;35(8):1381-95. doi:10.1249/01.MSS.0000078924.61453.FB.
  • 23. Singh G, Lingala V, Wang H, Vadhavkar S, Kahler KH, Mithal A, et al. Use of health care resources and cost of care for adults with constipation. Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association. 2007;5(9):1053-8. doi:10.1016/j.cgh.2007.04.019.
  • 24. Zhang M, Yang XJ, Zhu HM, Tang Z, Li BY, Zhao DD. Epidemiological study of elderly constipation in Beijing. World Journal of Gastroenterology. 2015;21(47):13368-73. doi:10.3748/wjg.v21.i47.13368.
  • 25. Birimoğlu-Okuyan C, Bilgili N. Determining the Prevalence of Constipation and Relating Factors in Elderly People: A Nursing Home Study. Florence Nightingale Hemsirelik Dergisi. 2019;27(2):157-65. doi:10.26650/ FNJN422104.
  • 26. McCrea GL, Miaskowski C, Stotts NA, Macera L, Varma MG. A review of the literature on gender and age differences in the prevalence and characteristics of constipation in North America. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management. 2009;37(4):737-45. doi:10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2008.04.016.
  • 27. Brandt LJ, Prather CM, Quigley EM, Schiller LR, Schoenfeld P, Talley NJ. Systematic review on the management of chronic constipation in North America. The American Journal of Gastroenterology. 2005;100(Suppl1):5-21. doi:10.1111/j.1572-0241.2005.50613_2.x.
  • 28. Gonenne J, Esfandyari T, Camilleri M, Burton DD, Stephens DA, Baxter KL, et al. Effect of female sex hormone supplementation and withdrawal on gastrointestinal and colonic transit in postmenopausal women. Neurogastroenterology and motility : the official journal of the European Gastrointestinal Motility Society. 2006;18(10):911-8. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2982.2006.00808.x.
  • 29. Wald A, Van Thiel DH, Hoechstetter L, Gavaler JS, Egler KM, Verm R, et al. Gastrointestinal transit: the effect of the menstrual cycle. Gastroenterology. 1981;80(6):1497-500. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7227774/
  • 30. Ateş B. Fonksiyonel konstipasyonu olan yetişkin bireylerin beslenme durumlarının değerlendirilmesi. Başkent Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Beslenme ve Diyetetik Ana Bilim Dalı, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, 2015.
  • 31. Türkiye Beslenme Rehberi (TÜBER). Ankara: TC Sağlık Bakanlığı Halk Sağlığı Genel Müdürlüğü; 2022.
  • 32. Karlı K. Yetişkin Bireylerde Beden Kitle İndeksine Göre Konstipasyon Görülme Sıklığının Değerlendirilmesi. Okan Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Beslenme ve Diyetetik Ana Bilim Dalı, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, 2019.
  • 33. Deniz Ş. Ofis Çalışanlarında Diyet Kalitesi, Günlük Ortalama Lif Alımı Ve Fiziksel Aktivite İle Bağırsak Alışkanlaları Arasındaki İlişkinin Saptanması. Bahçeşehir Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Beslenme ve Diyetetik Ana Bilim Dalı, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, 2019.
  • 34. Lindeman RD, Romero LJ, Liang HC, Baumgartner RN, Koehler KM, Garry PJ. Do elderly persons need to be encouraged to drink more fluids? The journals of gerontology Series A, Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences. 2000;55(7):M361-5. doi:10.1093/gerona/55.7.m361.
  • 35. Tülay BBA, Çoban T, Akıncı CE, Alaoğlu N, Avcı ŞN, Başkaya F, et al. Tıp Fakültesi 6. Sınıf Öğrencilerinin (İntörnlerin) Su Tüketim ve Defekasyon Alışkanlıklarının İncelenmesi. STED/Sürekli Tıp Eğitimi Dergisi. 2019;29(2):102-8. doi:10.17942/sted.551360.
  • 36. Orhan C, Akbayrak T, Kaya S, Kav T, Günel MK. Fiziksel aktivite seviyesi ile konstipasyon şiddeti arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. Journal of Exercise Therapy and Rehabilitation. 2015;2(2):66-73. Available from: https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/jetr/issue/22645/241893
  • 37. Folden SL. Practice guidelines for the management of constipation in adults. Rehabilitation nursing : the official journal of the Association of Rehabilitation Nurses. 2002;27(5):169-75. doi:10.1002/j.2048-7940.2002.tb02005.x.

KIRSAL BÖLGEDE YAŞAYAN 40 YAŞ VE ÜZERİ BİREYLERİN FİZİKSEL AKTİVE DÜZEYLERİ VE POSA TÜKETİMLERİNİN BAĞIRSAK ALIŞKANLIKLARINA ETKİSİ

Year 2023, Volume: 8 Issue: 3, 351 - 360, 29.10.2023
https://doi.org/10.35232/estudamhsd.1300909

Abstract

Bu çalışma kırsal bölgede yaşayan 40 yaş ve üzeri bireylerin fiziksel aktivite düzeyleri ve posa tüketimlerinin bağırsak alışkanlıklarına etkisini incelenmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Bu çalışma kırsal bölgede yaşayan 40 yaş ve üzeri kadın/erkek toplam 584 birey üzerinde yapılmış, kesitsel tipte bir araştırmadır. Değerlendirme için sosyodemografik bilgilerden, Bristol Gaita Skalası’ndan, Uluslararası Fiziksel Aktivite Anketi Kısa Formu (IPAQ)’ndan ve üç günlük besin tüketim kaydından oluşan bir anket formu uygulanmıştır. İstatistiksel analizlerde kullanılan başlıca testler; Ki-kare testi, Mann Whitney U testi, Kruskal Wallis testidir. Araştırmaya katılan bireylerin %17,5’i haftada üç kez veya daha seyrek dışkılama sıklığına sahiptir. Özellikle 70 yaş ve üzeri bireylerde, posa tüketiminin yetersiz olduğu ve dışkılama sıklığının haftada üç kez veya daha seyrek olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Günlük posa tüketimi ortancası 20,65 gram olup erkeklerin (21,9 gr) tüketimi kadınlardan (20,1 gr) daha fazladır (p<0,05). Bireylerin %26,9’unun inaktif olduğu belirlenmiştir. Fiziksel aktivite durumu ile dışkılama sıklığı incelendiğinde minimal aktif bireylerin günde bir kez dışkılama sıklığına sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir (p<0,05). Cinsiyet, ileri yaş, posa ve su tüketiminin az olması, fiziksel aktivite düzeyinin yetersiz olması bireylerin bağırsak alışkanlıkları üzerinde etkili olmaktadır. Çalışma belirli bir kırsal bölgede yaşayan bireyleri kapsadığı için daha geniş çaplı çalışmalara ihtiyaç vardır.

References

  • 1. Hills RD, Jr., Pontefract BA, Mishcon HR, Black CA, Sutton SC, Theberge CR. Gut Microbiome: Profound Implications for Diet and Disease. Nutrients. 2019;11(7). doi:10.3390/nu11071613.
  • 2. Wald A, Mueller-Lissner S, Kamm MA, Hinkel U, Richter E, Schuijt C, et al. Survey of laxative use by adults with self-defined constipation in South America and Asia: a comparison of six countries. Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics. 2010;31(2):274-84. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2036.2009.04169.x.
  • 3. Walter SA, Kjellström L, Nyhlin H, Talley NJ, Agréus L. Assessment of normal bowel habits in the general adult population: the Popcol study. Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. 2010;45(5):556-66. doi:10.3109/00365520903551332.
  • 4. Zhou H, Yao M, Cheng GY, Chen YP, Li DG. Prevalence and associated factors of functional gastrointestinal disorders and bowel habits in Chinese adolescents: a school-based study. Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition. 2011;53(2):168-73. doi:10.1097/MPG.0b013e3182125388.
  • 5. Brenner DM, Shah M. Chronic Constipation. Gastroenterology Clinics of North America. 2016;45(2):205-16. doi:10.1016/j.gtc.2016.02.013.
  • 6. Lembo A, Camilleri M. Chronic constipation. NEJM. 2003;349(14):1360-8. DOI:10.1056/NEJMra020995.
  • 7. Forootan M, Bagheri N, Darvishi M. Chronic constipation: A review of literature. Medicine. 2018;97(20):e10631. doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000010631.
  • 8. Suares NC, Ford AC. Prevalence of, and Risk Factors for Chronic Idiopathic Constipation in the Community: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Official journal of the American College of Gastroenterology. 2011;106(9):1582-91. doi:10.1038/ajg.2011.164.
  • 9. Peters HP, De Vries WR, Vanberge-Henegouwen GP, Akkermans LM. Potential benefits and hazards of physical activity and exercise on the gastrointestinal tract. Gut. 2001;48(3):435-9. doi:10.1136/gut.48.3.435.
  • 10. Vardar R. Kronik İdiyopatik Konstipasyonda Tedavi: Etyopatogenez Yol Gösterir mi? Güncel Gastroenteroloji. 2015;19(2):79-85. Available from:https://guncel.tgv.org.tr/journal/62/pdf/10 0399.pdf
  • 11. Rasmussen HE, Hamaker B, Rajan KB, Mutlu E, Green SJ, Brown M, et al. Starch-entrapped microsphere fibers improve bowel habit but do not exhibit prebiotic capacity in those with unsatisfactory bowel habits: a phase I, randomized, double-blind, controlled human trial. Nutrition Research (New York, NY). 2017;44:27-37. doi:10.1016/j.nutres.2017.05.015.
  • 12. Burdurlu S, Karadeniz F. Gıdalarda diyet lifinin önemi. Gıda Mühendisliği Dergisi. 2003;7(15):18-25. Available from: https://www.gidamo.org.tr/resimler/ekler/f6ffe13a5d75b2d_ek.pdf?dergi=15
  • 13. Dülger D, Gahan Y. Diyet Lifin Özellikleri ve Sağlık Üzerindeki Etkileri. Uludağ Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi. 2011;25(2):147-58. Available from: https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/154154
  • 14. Axelrod CH, Saps M. The Role of Fiber in the Treatment of Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders in Children. Nutrients. 2018;10(11). doi:10.3390/nu10111650.
  • 15. Akbulut G. Gastrointestinal Sistem Hastalıklarında Tıbbi Beslenme Tedavisi. Ankara: Nobel Tıp Kitapevi; 2017; pp.285.
  • 16. Samur G, Mercanligil SM. Diyet Posası ve Beslenme. Ankara, 2008; pp. 7-16. Available from: https://www.halksagligiokulu.org/Kitap/DownloadEBook/2451da16-b83d-4513-beb5-df6b67d8acb9
  • 17. Johanson JF. Geographic distribution of constipation in the United States. The American Journal of Gastroenterology. 1998;93(2):188-91. doi:10.1111/j.1572-0241.1998.00188.x.
  • 18. Mugie SM, Benninga MA, Di Lorenzo C. Epidemiology of constipation in children and adults: a systematic review. Best Practice and Research Clinical Gastroenterology. 2011;25(1):3-18. doi:10.1016/j.bpg.2010.12.010.
  • 19. Frank L, Flynn J, Rothman M. Use of a self-report constipation questionnaire with older adults in long-term care. The Gerontologist. 2001;41(6):778-86. doi:10.1093/geront/41.6.778.
  • 20. Lewis SJ, Heaton KW. Stool form scale as a useful guide to intestinal transit time. Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. 1997;32(9):920-4. doi:10.3109/00365529709011203.
  • 21. Saglam M, Arikan H, Savci S, Inal-Ince D, Bosnak-Guclu M, Karabulut E, et al. International physical activity questionnaire: reliability and validity of the Turkish version. Perceptual and Motor skills. 2010;111(1):278-84. doi:10.2466/06.08.PMS.111.4.278-284.
  • 22. Craig CL, Marshall AL, Sjöström M, Bauman AE, Booth ML, Ainsworth BE, et al. International physical activity questionnaire: 12-country reliability and validity. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 2003;35(8):1381-95. doi:10.1249/01.MSS.0000078924.61453.FB.
  • 23. Singh G, Lingala V, Wang H, Vadhavkar S, Kahler KH, Mithal A, et al. Use of health care resources and cost of care for adults with constipation. Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association. 2007;5(9):1053-8. doi:10.1016/j.cgh.2007.04.019.
  • 24. Zhang M, Yang XJ, Zhu HM, Tang Z, Li BY, Zhao DD. Epidemiological study of elderly constipation in Beijing. World Journal of Gastroenterology. 2015;21(47):13368-73. doi:10.3748/wjg.v21.i47.13368.
  • 25. Birimoğlu-Okuyan C, Bilgili N. Determining the Prevalence of Constipation and Relating Factors in Elderly People: A Nursing Home Study. Florence Nightingale Hemsirelik Dergisi. 2019;27(2):157-65. doi:10.26650/ FNJN422104.
  • 26. McCrea GL, Miaskowski C, Stotts NA, Macera L, Varma MG. A review of the literature on gender and age differences in the prevalence and characteristics of constipation in North America. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management. 2009;37(4):737-45. doi:10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2008.04.016.
  • 27. Brandt LJ, Prather CM, Quigley EM, Schiller LR, Schoenfeld P, Talley NJ. Systematic review on the management of chronic constipation in North America. The American Journal of Gastroenterology. 2005;100(Suppl1):5-21. doi:10.1111/j.1572-0241.2005.50613_2.x.
  • 28. Gonenne J, Esfandyari T, Camilleri M, Burton DD, Stephens DA, Baxter KL, et al. Effect of female sex hormone supplementation and withdrawal on gastrointestinal and colonic transit in postmenopausal women. Neurogastroenterology and motility : the official journal of the European Gastrointestinal Motility Society. 2006;18(10):911-8. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2982.2006.00808.x.
  • 29. Wald A, Van Thiel DH, Hoechstetter L, Gavaler JS, Egler KM, Verm R, et al. Gastrointestinal transit: the effect of the menstrual cycle. Gastroenterology. 1981;80(6):1497-500. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7227774/
  • 30. Ateş B. Fonksiyonel konstipasyonu olan yetişkin bireylerin beslenme durumlarının değerlendirilmesi. Başkent Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Beslenme ve Diyetetik Ana Bilim Dalı, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, 2015.
  • 31. Türkiye Beslenme Rehberi (TÜBER). Ankara: TC Sağlık Bakanlığı Halk Sağlığı Genel Müdürlüğü; 2022.
  • 32. Karlı K. Yetişkin Bireylerde Beden Kitle İndeksine Göre Konstipasyon Görülme Sıklığının Değerlendirilmesi. Okan Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Beslenme ve Diyetetik Ana Bilim Dalı, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, 2019.
  • 33. Deniz Ş. Ofis Çalışanlarında Diyet Kalitesi, Günlük Ortalama Lif Alımı Ve Fiziksel Aktivite İle Bağırsak Alışkanlaları Arasındaki İlişkinin Saptanması. Bahçeşehir Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Beslenme ve Diyetetik Ana Bilim Dalı, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, 2019.
  • 34. Lindeman RD, Romero LJ, Liang HC, Baumgartner RN, Koehler KM, Garry PJ. Do elderly persons need to be encouraged to drink more fluids? The journals of gerontology Series A, Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences. 2000;55(7):M361-5. doi:10.1093/gerona/55.7.m361.
  • 35. Tülay BBA, Çoban T, Akıncı CE, Alaoğlu N, Avcı ŞN, Başkaya F, et al. Tıp Fakültesi 6. Sınıf Öğrencilerinin (İntörnlerin) Su Tüketim ve Defekasyon Alışkanlıklarının İncelenmesi. STED/Sürekli Tıp Eğitimi Dergisi. 2019;29(2):102-8. doi:10.17942/sted.551360.
  • 36. Orhan C, Akbayrak T, Kaya S, Kav T, Günel MK. Fiziksel aktivite seviyesi ile konstipasyon şiddeti arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. Journal of Exercise Therapy and Rehabilitation. 2015;2(2):66-73. Available from: https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/jetr/issue/22645/241893
  • 37. Folden SL. Practice guidelines for the management of constipation in adults. Rehabilitation nursing : the official journal of the Association of Rehabilitation Nurses. 2002;27(5):169-75. doi:10.1002/j.2048-7940.2002.tb02005.x.
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Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Public Health, Environmental Health
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Şerife Denlü 0009-0006-5583-0302

Hasan Durmuş 0000-0001-5719-1475

Early Pub Date October 29, 2023
Publication Date October 29, 2023
Submission Date May 23, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 8 Issue: 3

Cite

Vancouver Denlü Ş, Durmuş H. KIRSAL BÖLGEDE YAŞAYAN 40 YAŞ VE ÜZERİ BİREYLERİN FİZİKSEL AKTİVE DÜZEYLERİ VE POSA TÜKETİMLERİNİN BAĞIRSAK ALIŞKANLIKLARINA ETKİSİ. ESTUDAM Public Health Journal. 2023;8(3):351-60.

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