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TÜRKİYE’DE TOPLUMUN COVID-19 AŞISINA YÖNELİK TUTUMU

Year 2023, Volume: 8 Issue: 3, 326 - 338, 29.10.2023

Gözde Tosun Nazım Ercüment Beyhun Murat Topbaş Sevil Turhan İrem Dilaver Elif Çil Büşra Parlak Somuncu Cansu Ağralı

https://doi.org/10.35232/estudamhsd.1313500

Abstract

Araştırmanın amacı, Türkiye’de aşılama programının başlamasından kısa zaman önce toplumun COVID-19 aşısına yönelik tutumunu ve aşılanma kararını etkileyen faktörleri belirleyebilmektir. Çalışma, Türkiye’de henüz COVID-19 aşısı uygulamalarının başlamadığı Aralık 2020’de, Türkiye'de yaşayan 18 yaşından büyük 1098 kişinin katılımıyla gerçekleşen tanımlayıcı tipte bir araştırmadır. Çevrim içi anket ile katılımcıların sosyodemografik özellikleri, kronik hastalık ve aşılanma öyküleri, COVID-19 hastalığı öyküsü, COVID-19 aşısı ile aşılanma kararları ve COVID-19 korkusu düzeyleri değerlendirildi. Aşı kararını etkileyen faktörleri belirlemek için lojistik regresyon analizi yapıldı. Katılımcıların %42,9'u (n=471) COVID-19 aşısı konusunda kararsız kalmıştır. Aşılama kararları üzerinde en olumsuz etkiye sahip faktör (%42,6, n=468) "COVID-19 aşısının yan etkilerine ilişkin endişeler"dir. " COVID-19 Korkusu" puanı arttıkça aşı kararsızlığı/reddi olasılığı azalmıştır (OR=0,95, %95 GA:0,93-0,97; p<0,001). Kadınlarda aşı kararsızlığı/reddi olasılığı 1,6 kat (OR=1,65, %95 GA: 1,24-2,20; p=0,001), 2009 pandemisinde influenza H1N1 aşısı olmamış olanlarda 1,7 kat (OR=1,76, %95 GA:1,17-2,64; p<0,05) ve mevsimsel influenza aşısı olmamış olanlarda 1,4 kat (OR=1,45, %95 GA:1,06-1,98; p<0,05) daha yüksektir. Bu çalışma yaygın aşılama öncesi önemli boyutlarda aşı kararsızlığı/reddi olduğunu göstermektedir. Aşılanma geçmişi geliştirilmekte olan bir aşıya yönelik tutumu belirleyen faktörlerden biridir. Aşı kararını etkileyen ana nedenlerin aşıların etkinliği ve güvenliği ile ilgili endişeler olduğu görülmüştür.

Keywords

COVID-19 aşı aşılama

References

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  • 2. Memiş Doğan M, Düzel B. COVID-19 özelinde korku-kaygı düzeyleri. Turkish Stud. 2020;15:739–52. doi:10.7827/TurkishStudies.44678.
  • 3. Ataman K, Bozkurt V, Göka E, İlhan MN, Yıldırım N, Çiftçi E, et al. COVID-19 küresel salgınının toplumsal etkileri. Türk Hij ve Deney Biyol Derg. 2021;78(3):235–48. doi:10.5505/TurkHijyen.2021.83357.
  • 4. Gölbaşı SD, Metintas S. COVID-19 pandemisi ve infodemi. ESTÜDAM Halk Sağlığı Derg. 2020;5:126–37. doi:10.35232/estudamhsd.797508.
  • 5. Akbıyık A, Avşar Ö. Coronavirüs enfeksiyonu hastalığının (COVID-19) epidemiyolojisi ve kontrolü. İzmir Katip Çelebi Univ Fac Heal Sci J. [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2020 July 7];5(2):109–16. Available from: https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/ikcusbfd/issue/55773/738090
  • 6. Neumann-Böhme S, Varghese NE, Sabat I, Barros PP, Brouwer W, Exel J van, et al. Once we have it, will we use it? A European survey on willingness to be vaccinated against COVID-19. Eur J Heal Econ. 2020;21:977–82. doi:10.1007/s10198-020-01208-6
  • 7. World Health Organization. COVID-19 - Landscape of novel coronavirus candidate vaccine development worldwide. [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2021 Mar 22]. Available from: https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/draft-landscape-of-COVID-19-candidate-vaccines
  • 8. World Health Organization. Status of COVID-19 vaccines within WHO EUL/PQ evaluation process [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2021 Mar 22]. Available from: https://extranet.who.int/pqweb/sites/default/files/documents/Status_COVID_VAX_17March2021_0.pdf
  • 9. Kader Ç. Aşı karşıtlığı: Aşı karasızlığı ve aşı reddi. Estud Public Heal J. 2019;4(3):377–88. doi:10.35232/estudamhsd.590304.
  • 10. COCONEL group. A future vaccination campaign against COVID-19 at risk of vaccine hesitancy and politicisation. Lancet. 2020;20(7):769–70. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30426-6.
  • 11. Taherdoost H. Sampling methods in research methodology; How to choose a sampling technique for research. SSRN. [Internet]. 2016 [cited 2020 Feb 15];5(2):18–27. Available from: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3205035
  • 12. Haşıloğlu SB, Baran T, Aydın O. Pazarlama araştırmalarındaki potansiyel problemlere yönelik bir araştırma: Kolayda örnekleme ve sıklık ifadeli ölçek maddeleri. Pamukkale İşletme ve Bilişim Yönetimi Derg. [Internet]. 2015 [cited 2020 Feb 12];2(1):19–28. Available from: https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/pibyd/issue/35465/394010
  • 13. Ahorsu DK, Lin C-Y, Imani V, Saffari M, Griffiths MD, Pakpour AH. The Fear of COVID-19 Scale: Development and initial validation. Int J Ment Health Addict. 2020;1–9. doi:10.1007/s11469-020-00270-8.
  • 14. Ladikli N, Bahadır E, Yumuşak FN, Akkuzu H, Karaman G, Türkkan Z. Kovid-19 Korkusu Ölçeği’nin Türkçe güvenirlik ve geçerlik çalışması. Int J Soc Sci. [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2020 July 1];3(2):71–80. Available from: https://toad.halileksi.net/olcek/kovid-19-korkusu-olcegi/
  • 15. Tezcan SG. Temel Epidemiyoloji. Ankara: Hipokrat Kitabevi; 2017. 35–66 p.
  • 16. Şirin H, Özkan S. Dünyada ve Türkiye’de COVID-19 epidemiyolojisi. Kulak Burun Boğaz ve Baş Boyun Cerrahisi Derg. [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2020 Jun4];28:6–13. Available from: https://dergi.kbb-bbc.org.tr/current-issue/dunyada-ve-turkiye-de-cov-d-19-epidemiyolojisi-985
  • 17. Palamenghi L, Barello S, Boccia S, Graffigna G. Mistrust in biomedical research and vaccine hesitancy: The forefront challenge in the battle against COVID-19 in Italy. Eur J Epidemiol Vol. 2020;35:785–8. doi:10.1007/s10654-020-00675-8.
  • 18. Feleszko W, Lewulis P, Czarnecki A, Waszkiewicz P. Flattening the curve of COVID-19 vaccine rejection—A global overview. SSRN [Internet]. 2020; doi:10.2139/ ssrn.3631972
  • 19. Salali GD, Uysal MS. COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy is associated with beliefs on the origin of the novel coronavirus in the UK and Turkey. Psychol Med. 2020;firstview:1–3. doi:10.1017/S0033291720004067.
  • 20. Dodd RH, Cvejic E, Bonner C, Pickles K, McCaffery KJ. Willingness to vaccinate against COVID-19 in Australia. Lancet. 2020;21(3):318–9. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30559-4.
  • 21. Menon RGV, Thaker J. Aotearoa-New Zealand public attitudes to COVID-19 vaccine. Massey Univ [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2020 Aug 24]; Available from: https://mro.massey.ac.nz/handle/10179/ 15567
  • 22. Wang J, Jing R, Lai X, Zhang H, Lyu Y, Knoll MD, et al. Acceptance of COVID-19 vaccination during the COVID-19 pandemic in China. Vaccines. 2020;8(3):482. doi:10.3390/vaccines 8030482.
  • 23. Huang B, Wang J, Cai J, Yao S, Chan PKS, Tam TH, et al. Integrated vaccination and physical distancing interventions to prevent future COVID-19 waves in Chinese cities. Nat Hum Behav Vol. 2021;5:795–805. doi:10.1038/s41562-021-01063-2.
  • 24. Sallam M, Dababseh D, Eid H, Al-Mahzoum K, Al-Haidar A, Taim D, et al. High rates of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and its association with conspiracy beliefs: A study in Jordan and Kuwait among other Arab Countries. Vaccines. 2021;9(1):42. doi:10.3390/vaccines9010042.
  • 25. Fisher KA, Bloomstone SJ, Walder J. Attitudes toward a potential SARS-CoV-2 vaccine: A survey of US adults. Ann InternMed. 2020;173:964–73. doi:10.7326/M20-3569.
  • 26. Pogue K, Jensen JL, Stancil CK, Ferguson DG, Hughes SJ, Mello EJ, et al. Influences on attitudes regarding potential COVID-19 vaccination in the United States. Vaccines. 2020;8(4):582. doi:10.3390/vaccines8040582.
  • 27. Aygün E, Tortop HS. Ebeveynlerin aşı tereddüt düzeylerinin ve karşıtlık nedenlerinin incelenmesi. J Curr Pediatr. [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2020 Dec 27];18(3):300–16. Available from: https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/pediatri/issue/58343/841404
  • 28. Harapan H, Wagner AL, Yufika A, Winardi W, Anwar S, Gan AK, et al. Acceptance of a COVID-19 vaccine in Southeast Asia: A cross-sectional study in Indonesia. Front Public Heal. 2020;3:381. doi:10.3389/fpubh.2020.00381.
  • 29. Kennedy J, Michailidou D. Divergent policy responses to increasing vaccine scepticism in southern Europe. Lancet. 2017;17(9):900. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(17)30456-5.
  • 30. Henrich N, Holmes B. What the public was saying about the H1N1 vaccine: Perceptions and issues discussed in on-line comments during the 2009 H1N1 pandemic. PLoS One. 2011;6(4):18479. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0018479.

ATTITUDES OF PUBLIC TOWARDS COVID-19 VACCINE IN TURKEY

Year 2023, Volume: 8 Issue: 3, 326 - 338, 29.10.2023

Gözde Tosun Nazım Ercüment Beyhun Murat Topbaş Sevil Turhan İrem Dilaver Elif Çil Büşra Parlak Somuncu Cansu Ağralı

https://doi.org/10.35232/estudamhsd.1313500

Abstract

The aim of the study is to determine the attitude of the public towards the COVID-19 vaccine and the factors affecting the vaccination decision shortly before the start of the vaccination program in Turkey. The study was a descriptive study conducted with the participation of 1098 people aged ≥18 years living in Turkey in December 2020, when COVID-19 vaccination practices had not yet started in Turkey. The sociodemographic characteristics, chronic disease and vaccination history, COVID-19 disease history, COVID-19 vaccination decision, and fear of COVID-19 were assessed with an online questionnaire. Logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the factors affecting the vaccination decision. 42.9% (n=471) of the participants were undecided the COVID-19 vaccine. The "concerns about the side effects of COVID-19 vaccine" had the most negative impact (42.6%, n=468), on vaccination decisions. The likelihood of vaccine hesitation/rejection reduced as the "COVID-19 Fear" scale score grew (OR=0.95, %95 CI:0.93-0.97; p<0.001). Vaccine hesitation/rejection was 1.6 times higher in women (OR=1.65, %95 CI:1.24-2.20; p=0.001), 1.7 times higher among those who had not gotten an H1N1 vaccine in 2009 (OR=1.76, %95 CI:1.17-2.64; p<0.05) and 1.4 times higher (OR=1.45, %95 CI:1.06-1.98; p<0.05) in those who had never received a seasonal influenza vaccine. This study showed that there is significant vaccine hesitancy before widespread vaccination. Immunization history is one of the factors determining attitude towards a vaccine in development. The key factors influencing vaccine decisions appeared to be concerns about vaccine efficacy and safety.

Keywords

COVID-19 vaccine vaccination

References

  • 1. Poyraz M. Coronavirüs salgınıyla sarsılan dünyada ortaya çıkan bazı yeni toplumsal durumlar: Fransa ve Türkiye örneği. İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi Sos Bilim Derg. [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2021 July 10];19(37):280–91. Available from: https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/iticusbe/issue/55168/754249
  • 2. Memiş Doğan M, Düzel B. COVID-19 özelinde korku-kaygı düzeyleri. Turkish Stud. 2020;15:739–52. doi:10.7827/TurkishStudies.44678.
  • 3. Ataman K, Bozkurt V, Göka E, İlhan MN, Yıldırım N, Çiftçi E, et al. COVID-19 küresel salgınının toplumsal etkileri. Türk Hij ve Deney Biyol Derg. 2021;78(3):235–48. doi:10.5505/TurkHijyen.2021.83357.
  • 4. Gölbaşı SD, Metintas S. COVID-19 pandemisi ve infodemi. ESTÜDAM Halk Sağlığı Derg. 2020;5:126–37. doi:10.35232/estudamhsd.797508.
  • 5. Akbıyık A, Avşar Ö. Coronavirüs enfeksiyonu hastalığının (COVID-19) epidemiyolojisi ve kontrolü. İzmir Katip Çelebi Univ Fac Heal Sci J. [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2020 July 7];5(2):109–16. Available from: https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/ikcusbfd/issue/55773/738090
  • 6. Neumann-Böhme S, Varghese NE, Sabat I, Barros PP, Brouwer W, Exel J van, et al. Once we have it, will we use it? A European survey on willingness to be vaccinated against COVID-19. Eur J Heal Econ. 2020;21:977–82. doi:10.1007/s10198-020-01208-6
  • 7. World Health Organization. COVID-19 - Landscape of novel coronavirus candidate vaccine development worldwide. [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2021 Mar 22]. Available from: https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/draft-landscape-of-COVID-19-candidate-vaccines
  • 8. World Health Organization. Status of COVID-19 vaccines within WHO EUL/PQ evaluation process [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2021 Mar 22]. Available from: https://extranet.who.int/pqweb/sites/default/files/documents/Status_COVID_VAX_17March2021_0.pdf
  • 9. Kader Ç. Aşı karşıtlığı: Aşı karasızlığı ve aşı reddi. Estud Public Heal J. 2019;4(3):377–88. doi:10.35232/estudamhsd.590304.
  • 10. COCONEL group. A future vaccination campaign against COVID-19 at risk of vaccine hesitancy and politicisation. Lancet. 2020;20(7):769–70. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30426-6.
  • 11. Taherdoost H. Sampling methods in research methodology; How to choose a sampling technique for research. SSRN. [Internet]. 2016 [cited 2020 Feb 15];5(2):18–27. Available from: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3205035
  • 12. Haşıloğlu SB, Baran T, Aydın O. Pazarlama araştırmalarındaki potansiyel problemlere yönelik bir araştırma: Kolayda örnekleme ve sıklık ifadeli ölçek maddeleri. Pamukkale İşletme ve Bilişim Yönetimi Derg. [Internet]. 2015 [cited 2020 Feb 12];2(1):19–28. Available from: https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/pibyd/issue/35465/394010
  • 13. Ahorsu DK, Lin C-Y, Imani V, Saffari M, Griffiths MD, Pakpour AH. The Fear of COVID-19 Scale: Development and initial validation. Int J Ment Health Addict. 2020;1–9. doi:10.1007/s11469-020-00270-8.
  • 14. Ladikli N, Bahadır E, Yumuşak FN, Akkuzu H, Karaman G, Türkkan Z. Kovid-19 Korkusu Ölçeği’nin Türkçe güvenirlik ve geçerlik çalışması. Int J Soc Sci. [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2020 July 1];3(2):71–80. Available from: https://toad.halileksi.net/olcek/kovid-19-korkusu-olcegi/
  • 15. Tezcan SG. Temel Epidemiyoloji. Ankara: Hipokrat Kitabevi; 2017. 35–66 p.
  • 16. Şirin H, Özkan S. Dünyada ve Türkiye’de COVID-19 epidemiyolojisi. Kulak Burun Boğaz ve Baş Boyun Cerrahisi Derg. [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2020 Jun4];28:6–13. Available from: https://dergi.kbb-bbc.org.tr/current-issue/dunyada-ve-turkiye-de-cov-d-19-epidemiyolojisi-985
  • 17. Palamenghi L, Barello S, Boccia S, Graffigna G. Mistrust in biomedical research and vaccine hesitancy: The forefront challenge in the battle against COVID-19 in Italy. Eur J Epidemiol Vol. 2020;35:785–8. doi:10.1007/s10654-020-00675-8.
  • 18. Feleszko W, Lewulis P, Czarnecki A, Waszkiewicz P. Flattening the curve of COVID-19 vaccine rejection—A global overview. SSRN [Internet]. 2020; doi:10.2139/ ssrn.3631972
  • 19. Salali GD, Uysal MS. COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy is associated with beliefs on the origin of the novel coronavirus in the UK and Turkey. Psychol Med. 2020;firstview:1–3. doi:10.1017/S0033291720004067.
  • 20. Dodd RH, Cvejic E, Bonner C, Pickles K, McCaffery KJ. Willingness to vaccinate against COVID-19 in Australia. Lancet. 2020;21(3):318–9. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30559-4.
  • 21. Menon RGV, Thaker J. Aotearoa-New Zealand public attitudes to COVID-19 vaccine. Massey Univ [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2020 Aug 24]; Available from: https://mro.massey.ac.nz/handle/10179/ 15567
  • 22. Wang J, Jing R, Lai X, Zhang H, Lyu Y, Knoll MD, et al. Acceptance of COVID-19 vaccination during the COVID-19 pandemic in China. Vaccines. 2020;8(3):482. doi:10.3390/vaccines 8030482.
  • 23. Huang B, Wang J, Cai J, Yao S, Chan PKS, Tam TH, et al. Integrated vaccination and physical distancing interventions to prevent future COVID-19 waves in Chinese cities. Nat Hum Behav Vol. 2021;5:795–805. doi:10.1038/s41562-021-01063-2.
  • 24. Sallam M, Dababseh D, Eid H, Al-Mahzoum K, Al-Haidar A, Taim D, et al. High rates of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and its association with conspiracy beliefs: A study in Jordan and Kuwait among other Arab Countries. Vaccines. 2021;9(1):42. doi:10.3390/vaccines9010042.
  • 25. Fisher KA, Bloomstone SJ, Walder J. Attitudes toward a potential SARS-CoV-2 vaccine: A survey of US adults. Ann InternMed. 2020;173:964–73. doi:10.7326/M20-3569.
  • 26. Pogue K, Jensen JL, Stancil CK, Ferguson DG, Hughes SJ, Mello EJ, et al. Influences on attitudes regarding potential COVID-19 vaccination in the United States. Vaccines. 2020;8(4):582. doi:10.3390/vaccines8040582.
  • 27. Aygün E, Tortop HS. Ebeveynlerin aşı tereddüt düzeylerinin ve karşıtlık nedenlerinin incelenmesi. J Curr Pediatr. [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2020 Dec 27];18(3):300–16. Available from: https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/pediatri/issue/58343/841404
  • 28. Harapan H, Wagner AL, Yufika A, Winardi W, Anwar S, Gan AK, et al. Acceptance of a COVID-19 vaccine in Southeast Asia: A cross-sectional study in Indonesia. Front Public Heal. 2020;3:381. doi:10.3389/fpubh.2020.00381.
  • 29. Kennedy J, Michailidou D. Divergent policy responses to increasing vaccine scepticism in southern Europe. Lancet. 2017;17(9):900. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(17)30456-5.
  • 30. Henrich N, Holmes B. What the public was saying about the H1N1 vaccine: Perceptions and issues discussed in on-line comments during the 2009 H1N1 pandemic. PLoS One. 2011;6(4):18479. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0018479.
There are 30 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Preventative Health Care
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Gözde Tosun 0000-0002-7474-3750

Nazım Ercüment Beyhun 0000-0002-4664-9070

Murat Topbaş 0000-0003-4047-4027

Sevil Turhan 0000-0002-8534-2928

İrem Dilaver 0000-0002-9962-7908

Elif Çil 0000-0002-0037-7786

Büşra Parlak Somuncu 0000-0002-0271-7019

Cansu Ağralı 0000-0003-2911-9665

Early Pub Date October 29, 2023
Publication Date October 29, 2023
Submission Date June 15, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 8 Issue: 3

Cite

Vancouver Tosun G, Beyhun NE, Topbaş M, Turhan S, Dilaver İ, Çil E, Parlak Somuncu B, Ağralı C. ATTITUDES OF PUBLIC TOWARDS COVID-19 VACCINE IN TURKEY. ESTUDAM Public Health Journal. 2023;8(3):326-38.
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