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BRICS-T Ülkelerinde Ekonomik Büyüme, Doğrudan Yabancı Yatırım ve Çevresel Kirlilik İlişkisi: Çevresel Kuznets Eğrisi ve Kirlilik Sığınağı Hipotezlerinin Ampirik Analizi

Year 2022, Volume: 6 Issue: 3, 1457 - 1478, 14.09.2022
https://doi.org/10.25295/fsecon.1088461

Abstract

Küresel ısınma, çevresel kirlilik ve kaynakların kontrolsüz kullanımı insan yaşamı ve sürdürülebilir kalkınma için ciddi bir tehdit olarak kabul edilmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı BRICS–T ülkelerinde ekonomik büyüme, doğrudan yabancı yatırımlar ve çevresel kirlilik arasındaki ilişkileri çevresel Kuznets eğrisi ve kirlilik sığınağı hipotezleri bağlamında incelemektir. 1992–2017 dönemine ait yıllık verilerin kullanıldığı çalışmada ikinci nesil panel veri analizi yöntemleri uygulanmıştır. Eşbütünleşme testinden ulaşılan bulgularda değişkenlerin uzun dönemde birlikte hareket ettikleri yani eşbütünleşik oldukları tespit edilmiştir. Tahmin sonucunda BRICS–T ülkeleri için, çevre kirliliği ile ekonomik büyüme arasında ters–U şeklinde bir ilişkinin olduğunu ileri süren çevresel Kuznets eğrisi ve çevresel kirlilik ile doğrudan yabancı yatırımlar arasında pozitif bir ilişkinin olduğunu ifade eden kirlilik sığınağı hipotezlerinin geçerli olduğu belirlenmiştir. Nedensellik testinden ise ekonomik büyümeden çevresel kirliliğe ve çevresel kirlilikten doğrudan yabancı yatırımlara tek yönlü bir nedensellik ilişkisinin olduğuna yönelik ampirik kanıtlar elde edilmiştir. Elde edilen kanıtlar doğrultusunda BRICS–T ülkelerine, ekonomik büyümeden ziyade sürdürülebilir kalkınma ve çevre konularına daha fazla odaklanmaları ve doğrudan yabancı yatırım standartlarını geliştirmeleri önerilmektedir.

Supporting Institution

Çalışma herhangi bir kurum tarafından desteklenmemektedir.

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The Relationship between Economic Growth, Foreign Direct Investment and Environmental Pollution in BRICS-T Countries: Empirical Analysis of the Environmental Kuznets Curve and Pollution Haven Hypotheses

Year 2022, Volume: 6 Issue: 3, 1457 - 1478, 14.09.2022
https://doi.org/10.25295/fsecon.1088461

Abstract

Global warming, environmental pollution and uncontrolled use of resources are accepted as critical threats to human life and sustainable development. This study aims to examine the relationships between economic growth, foreign direct investment and environmental pollution in BRICS-T countries in the context of environmental Kuznets curve and pollution haven hypotheses. Second-generation panel data analysis methods were employed in the study, in which annual data from the period 1992-2017 were used. Findings obtained from the cointegration test indicate that the variables move together in the long run, that is, they are cointegrated. According to the result of the estimation, it has been determined that the environmental Kuznets curve, which claims that there is an inverted-U-shaped relationship between environmental pollution and economic growth, and the pollution haven hypothesis, which states that there is a positive relationship between environmental pollution and foreign direct investments, are both valid for BRICS-T countries. From the causality test, however, empirical evidence shows that there is a one-way causality relationship from economic growth to environmental pollution and from environmental pollution to foreign direct investment. Based on the evidence obtained, it is recommended that BRICS-T countries focus more on sustainable development and environment rather than economic growth, and improve their foreign direct investment standards.

References

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  • Al-Mulali, U., Saboori, B., & Ozturk, I. (2015). Investigating the Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis in Vietnam. Energy Policy, 76, 123-131.
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  • Bakirtas, I., & Cetin, M. A. (2017). Revisiting the Environmental Kuznets Curve and Pollution Haven Hypotheses: MIKTA Sample. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 24(22), 18273-18283.
  • Balsalobre-Lorente, D., Ibáñez-Luzón, L., Usman, M., & Shahbaz, M. (2022). The Environmental Kuznets Curve, Based on the Economic Complexity, and the Pollution Haven Hypothesis in PIIGS Countries. Renewable Energy, 185, 1441-1455.
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  • Bulus, G. C., & Koc, S. (2021). The Effects of FDI and Government Expenditures on Environmental Pollution in Korea: The Pollution Haven Hypothesis Revisited. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 28(28), 38238-38253.
  • Bulut, U., Ucler, G., & Inglesi-Lotz, R. (2021). Does the Pollution Haven Hypothesis Prevail in Turkey? Empirical Evidence from Nonlinear Smooth Transition Models. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 28(29), 38563-38572.
  • Cansino, J. M., Román-Collado, R., & Molina, J. C. (2019). Quality of Institutions, Technological Progress, and Pollution Havens in Latin America. An Analysis of the Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis. Sustainability, 11(13), 1-20. Chakravarty, D., & Mandal, S. K. (2016). Estimating the Relationship between Economic Growth and Environmental Quality for the BRICS Economies-A Dynamic Panel Data Approach. The Journal of Developing Areas, 50(5), 119-130.
  • Chen, Q., & Taylor, D. (2020). Economic Development and Pollution Emissions in Singapore: Evidence in Support of the Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis and Its Implications for Regional Sustainability. Journal of Cleaner Production, 243, 118637, 1-11.
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  • Emirmahmutoglu, F., & Kose, N. (2011). Testing for Granger Causality in Heterogeneous Mixed Panels. Economic Modelling, 28(3), 870-876.
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  • Gill, F. L., Viswanathan, K. K., & Karim, M. Z. A. (2017). A Test of Pollution Haven Hypothesis (PHH) in the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) Framework in Selected ASEAN Countries. Journal of Governance and Development Vol, 13(2), 111-134.
  • Gill, F. L., Gill, A. R., Viswanathan, K. K., & Karim, M. Z. B. A. (2020). Analysis of Pollution Haven Hypothesis (PHH) and Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) in Selected Association of South-East Asian Nations (ASEAN) Countries. Review of Economics and Development Studies, 6(1), 83-95.
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  • Grossman, G. M., & Krueger, A. B. (1995). Economic Growth and the Environment. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 110(2), 353–377.
  • Guzel, A. E., & Okumus, İ. (2020). Revisiting the Pollution Haven Hypothesis in ASEAN-5 Countries: New Insights from Panel Data Analysis. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 27(15), 18157-18167.
  • Gyamfi, B. A., Adebayo, T. S., Bekun, F. V., Agyekum, E. B., Kumar, N. M., Alhelou, H. H., & Al-Hinai, A. (2021). Beyond Environmental Kuznets Curve and Policy Implications to Promote Sustainable Development in the Mediterranean. Energy Reports, 7, 6119-6129.
  • Karimov, M. (2020). An Empirical Analysis of the Relationship among Foreign Direct Investment, Gross Domestic Product, CO2 Emissions, Renewable Energy Contribution in the Context of the Environmental Kuznets Curve and Pollution Haven Hypothesis Regarding Turkey. European Journal of Formal Sciences and Engineering, 3(2), 23-42.
  • Kearsley, A., & Riddel, M. (2010). A Further Inquiry into the Pollution Haven Hypothesis and the Environmental Kuznets Curve. Ecological Economics, 69(4), 905-919.
  • Khan, A., Chenggang, Y., Xue Yi, W., Hussain, J., Sicen, L., & Bano, S. (2021). Examining the Pollution Haven, and Environmental Kuznets Hypothesis for Ecological Footprints: An Econometric Analysis of China, India, and Pakistan. Journal of the Asia Pacific Economy, 26(3), 462-482.
  • Lee, J. W. (2013). The Contribution of Foreign Direct Investment to Clean Energy Use, Carbon Emissions and Economic Growth. Energy Policy, 55, 483-489.
  • Li, W., Qiao, Y., Li, X., & Wang, Y. (2022). Energy Consumption, Pollution Haven Hypothesis, and Environmental Kuznets Curve: Examining the Environment–Economy Link in Belt and Road Initiative Countries. Energy, 239, 122559, 1-12.
  • Liu, J., Qu, J., & Zhao, K. (2019). Is China's Development Conforms to the Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis and the Pollution Haven Hypothesis?. Journal of Cleaner Production, 234, 787-796.
  • Liu, Y., Sadiq, F., Ali, W., & Kumail, T. (2022). Does Tourism Development, Energy Consumption, Trade Openness and Economic Growth Matters for Ecological Footprint: Testing the Environmental Kuznets Curve and Pollution Haven Hypothesis for Pakistan. Energy, 123208, 1-11.
  • McCoskey, S., & Kao, C. (1998). A Residual-Based Test of the Null of Cointegration in Panel Data. Econometric Reviews, 17(1), 57-84.
  • Menyah, K., Nazlioglu, S., & Wolde-Rufael, Y. (2014). Financial Development, Trade Openness and Economic Growth in African Countries: New Insights from a Panel Causality Approach. Economic Modelling, 37, 386-394.
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Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Tunahan Hacıimamoğlu 0000-0003-1474-8506

Publication Date September 14, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 6 Issue: 3

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APA Hacıimamoğlu, T. (2022). BRICS-T Ülkelerinde Ekonomik Büyüme, Doğrudan Yabancı Yatırım ve Çevresel Kirlilik İlişkisi: Çevresel Kuznets Eğrisi ve Kirlilik Sığınağı Hipotezlerinin Ampirik Analizi. Fiscaoeconomia, 6(3), 1457-1478. https://doi.org/10.25295/fsecon.1088461

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