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Erzurum İli Huzursuz Bacak Sendromu Prevelansının Araştırılması ve Sosyodemografik Özelliklerin İncelenmesi

Year 2019, Volume: 9 Issue: 1, 48 - 54, 27.03.2019
https://doi.org/10.16899/gopctd.448777

Abstract

Giriş: HBS epidemiyoloji
çalışmalarında %0.9-10 gibi farklı prevelans oranları bildirilmiştir. HBS
hastalarında cinsiyet, yaş, genetik yatkınlık, anemi, hipertansiyon, diyabet,
hiperkolesterolemi, depresif bozukluk, tiroid, akciğer ve böbrek hastalıkları
gibi eşlik eden komorbid durumlarla ilişkisi araştırılmış ve bazı yerleşkelerde
bu özellikler için farklı sonuçlar bildirilmiştir. Çalışmamızda, Erzurum ili HBS
prevelansını, sosyodemografik özelliklerini ve komorbid durumlar ile ilişkisini
incelemeyi amaçladık.



Gereç-Yöntem: Bu çalışma, Atatürk Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi
Nöroepidemiyoloji Çalışma Grubu tarafından Sağlık müdürlüğüne bağlı olan aile
hekimlerinin nüfus kayıtları kullanılarak, kapı kapı gezilerek yapıldı. Her
bireyin sosyodemografik özelliklerini ve HBS’ yi belirlemek için iki farklı
anket uygulandı. HBS tespit edilen hastalara IRLSSGRS anketi uygulandı.
Hastalığın prevalans oranı, yaşa, cinsiyete göre dağılımı ve ilişkili durumlar
araştırıldı. İstatistiksel değerlendirmede p≤0.05’ ten küçük olan durumlar
anlamlı kabul edildi.



Bulgular: 4093 birey değerlendirildi ve 282 (%6.9) HBS’ li olgu
tespit edildi. Olguların yaş cinsiyet, sosyodemografik özellikleri ve komorbid durumlar
ile ilişkisi araştırıldı (Tablo I). HBS ile komorbid durumların arasında ilişki
incelendiğinde tiroid hastalığı haricinde diğer durumlarla HBS arasında anlamlı
istatistiksel fark tespit edildi (Tablo I).
Vakaların %34.4’ ünde en az bir akrabasında
benzer şikâyetleri olduğu tespit edildi. Başlangıç yaşı ≤40 olan olguların
oranı daha fazlaydı ve istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark tespit edildi.
HBS semptomlarının orta
ve ciddi olduğu gruplarda olgu sayısı fazlaydı (Tablo II).



Sonuç: Çalışmamızda 15–80 yaş arası popülâsyonda HBS görülme
sıklığını %6.9 tespit ettik. Vakaların yaş gruplarına göre dağılımlarında ise
anlamlı farklılık yoktu. HBS ile cinsiyet arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı
farklılık vardı (p=0.048). Eğitim, ekonomik durum ve meslek ile hastalık
arasında ilişki yoktu. HBS’ in sigara ve alkol kullanımı ile ilişkisi yoktu ve
komorbid durumlardan tiroid hastalığı haricinde sorgulanan diğer hastalıklarla
HBS arasında anlamlı istatistiksel farklılık tespit ettik. Vakaların üçte
birinde üst ekstremite tutulumu ve aile öyküsü pozitif olduğu görüldü.
Vakaların yarısından fazlasında semptomlar 40 yaşından önce başlamıştı.Tespitlerimiz
HBS’ nin sık görüldüğünü, yüksek rakımla sıklığının artabileceğini göstermesi
açısından önemlidir.

References

  • 1- Ekbom K, Ulfberg J. Restless legs syndrome. J Intern Med. 2009 Nov;266(5):419-31.
  • 2- Sander HH, Eckeli AL, Costa Passos AD, Azevedo L, Fernandes do Prado LB, França Fernandes RM. Prevalence and quality of life and sleep in children and adolescents with restless legs syndrome/Willis-Ekbom disease. Sleep Med. 2017 Feb;30:204-209.
  • 3- Allen RP, Picchietti D, Hening WA, Trenkwalder C, Walters AS, Montplaisi J. Restless legs syndrome: diagnostic criteria, special considerations, and epidemiology. A report from the restless legs syndrome diagnosis and epidemiology workshop at the National Institutes of Health. Sleep Med 2003;4:101–19.
  • 4- Michaud M, Dumont M, Selmaoui B, Paquet J, Fantini ML, Montplaisir J. Circadian rhythm of restless legs syndrome: relationship with biological markers. Ann Neurol. 2004 Mar;55(3):372-80.
  • 5- Sudhansu Chokroverty. Restless Legs syndrome. Sleep Disorders. Neurology In Clinical Practice The Neuroloical Disorders. Third Edition. Chapter. 72;1799-1801.
  • 6- Sevim S, Dogu O, Camdeviren H, et al. Unexpectedly low prevalence and unusual characteristics of RLS in Mersin, Turkey. Neurology. 2003;61:1562-9.
  • 7- The International Restless Legs syndrome Study Group. Validation of the International Restless Legs syndrome Study Group rating scale for restless legs syndrome. Sleep Medicine. 4:2003:121-132.
  • 8- Cho SJ, Hong JP, Hahm BJ, et al. Restless legs syndrome in a community sample of Korean adults: prevalence, impact on quality of life, and association with DSM-IV psychiatric disorders. Sleep. 2009 Aug;32(8):1069-76.
  • 9- Güler S, Caylan A, Nesrin Turan F, Dağdeviren N, Çelik Y. The prevalence of restless legs syndrome in Edirne and its districts concomitant comorbid conditions and secondary complications. Neurol Sci. 2015 Oct;36(10):1805-12.
  • 10- Ulfberg J, Nystrom B, Carter N, Edling C. Prevalence of restless legs syndrome among men aged 18 to 64 years: an association with somatic disease and neuropsychiatric symptoms. Mov Disord 2001; 16:1159–63.
  • 11- Ulfberg J, Nystrom B, Carter N, Edling C. Restless legs syndrome among working-aged women. Eur Neurol 2001;46:17–19.
  • 12- Richard P. Allen, Arthur S. Walters, J. Montplaisir. Restless Legs syndrome Prevalans and Impact. REST General Population Study. Archives of Internal Medicine. 2005;vol.165:1286-1292.
  • 13- Cho YW, Shin WC, Yun CH, et al. Epidemiology of restless legs syndrome in Korean adults. Sleep. 2008;31:219-23.
  • 14- Hadjigeorgiou GM, Stefanidis I, Dardiotis E, et al. Low RLS prevalence and awareness in central Greece: an epidemiological survey. Eur J Neurol. 2007;14:1275-80.
  • 15- Winkelmann J, Wetter TC, Collado-Seidel V, et al. Clinical characteristics and frequency of the hereditary restless legs syndrome in a population of 300 patients. Sleep. 2000;23:597-602.
  • 16- Schlesinger I, Erikh I, Avizohar O, Sprecher E, Yarnitsky D. Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Restless Legs Syndrome. Movement Disorders. 2009:1587-1592.
  • 17- Winkelman JW, Chertow GM, Lazarus JM. Restless legs syndrome in end-stage renal disease. Am J Kidney Dis. 1996:28:372-378.
  • 18- Banno K, Delaive K, Walld R, Kryger MH. Restless legs syndrome in 218 patients: associated disorders. Sleep Med. 2000;1:221-9.
  • 19- Benediktsdottir B, Janson C, Lindberg E, et al. Prevalence of restless legs syndrome among adults in Iceland and Sweden: lung function, comorbidity, ferritin, biomarkers and quality of life. Sleep Med. 2010;11:1043-8.
  • 20- Högl B, Kiechl S, Willeit J, et al. Restless legs syndrome: a community-based study of prevalence, severity, and risk factors. Neurology. 2005;64:1920-4.
  • 21- Vogl FD, Pichler I, Adel S, et al. Restless legs syndrome: epidemiological and clinicogenetic study in a South Tyrolean population isolate. Mov Disord. 2006;21:1189-95.
  • 22- Unruh ML, Levey AS, D'Ambrosio C, Fink NE, Powe NR, Meyer KB. Restless legs symp-toms among incident dialysis patients: association with lower quality of life and shorter survival. Am J Kidney Dis 2004;43:900-909.
  • 23- Gupta R, Ulfberg J, Allen RP, Goel D. High prevalence of restless legs syndrome/Willis Ekbom Disease (RLS/WED) among people living at high altitude in the Indian Himalaya. Sleep Med. 2017 Jul;35:7-11.
  • 24- Nomura T, Inoue Y, Kusumi M, Uemura Y, Nakashima K. Prevalence of restless legs syndrome in a rural community in Japan. Mov Disord. 2008;23:2363-9.
  • 25- Ohayon MM, O'Hara R, Vitiello MV. Epidemiology of RLS: A synthesis of the literature. Sleep medicine Reviews. 2011:1-13.
  • 26- Tasdemir M, Erdo gan H, Börü UT, Dilaver E, Kumas¸ A. Epidemiology of restless legs syndrome in Turkish adults on the western Black Sea coast of Turkey: a door-to-door study in a rural area. Sleep Med. 2010;11:82-6.
  • 27- Lee HB, Hening WA, Allen RP, et al. Restless legs syndrome is associated with DSM-IV major depressive disorder and panic disorder in the community. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2008;20:101-5.
  • 28- Kim KW, Yoon IY, Chung S, et al. Prevalence, comorbidities and risk factors of restless legs syndrome in the Korean elderly population e results from the Korean Longitudinal Study on Health and Aging. J Sleep Res. 2010;19:87-92.
  • 29- Ohayon MM, Roth T. Prevalence of restless legs syndrome and periodic limb movement disorder in the general population. J Psychosom Res. 2002;53:547-54.
  • 30- Ondo WG, He Y, Rajasekaran S, Le WD. Clinical correlates of 6-hydroxydopamine injections into A11 dopaminergic neurons in rats: a possible model for restless legs syndrome. Mov Disord. 2000;15:154-8.
  • 31- Tings T, Schettler V, Canelo M, Paulus W, Trenkwalder C. Impact of regular LDL apheresis on the development of restless legs syndrome. Mov Disord. 2004;19:1072-1075.
  • 32- Rothdach AJ, Trenkwalder C, Haberstock J, Keil U, Berger K. Prevalence and risk factors of RLSin an elderly population: the MEMO study. Memory and morbidity in Augsburg elderly. Neurology. 2000;54:1064-68.
  • 33- Tison F, Crochard A, Léger D, Bouée S, Lainey E, El Hasnaoui A. Epidemiology of restless legs syndrome in French adults: a nationwide survey: the INSTANT Study. Neurology. 2005;65:239-46.
  • 34- Phillips B, Hening W, Britz P, Mannino D. Prevalence and correlates of restless legs syndrome: results from the 2005 National Sleep Foundation Poll.Chest. 2006;129:76-80.
  • 35- Ondo W, Jankovic C. Restless Legs Syndrome: clinicoetiolologic correlates. Neurology. 1996;47:1435-41.
  • 36- Montplaisir J. Boucher S, Poirier G. Clinical, polysomnografic and genetic characteristics of restless legs syndrome: a study of 133 patients diagnosed with new Standard criteria. Mov Disord. 1997;12:61-65.
  • 37- Winkelmann J, Wetter TC, Collado-Seidel V, et al. Clinical characteristics and frequency of the hereditary restless legs syndrome in a population of 300 patients. Sleep. 2000;23:597-602.
  • 38- Park YM, Lee HJ, Kang SG, et al. Prevalence of idiopathic and secondary restless legs syndrome in Korean women. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2010;32:164-8.

Investigation of Restless Leg Syndrome Prevalence and Assosiated Sociodemographic Features in Province of Erzurum

Year 2019, Volume: 9 Issue: 1, 48 - 54, 27.03.2019
https://doi.org/10.16899/gopctd.448777

Abstract

Abstract

Introduction: Prevalence of Restless leg syndrome (RLS) is reported
between 0.9%-10% in epidemiologic studies. Associations of sex, age, genetic
predisposition, anemia, hypertension, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia,
depression disorders, thyroid disorders, lung and kidney diseases with RLS were
researched and different results were found in different locations. In this
study, we aim to investigate the prevalence, sociodemographic features and
association of comorbid situations of RLS in the province of Erzurum.

Material and Methods: This study was conducted by face-to-face interviews
performed by neuroepidemiology study group of Faculty of Medicine of Ataturk
University using the records of family doctors abide by health directorate. Two
different questionnaires were asked to each contributor to determine the
sociodemographic status and RLS consecutively. IRLSSGRS survey was performed to
contributors to whom RLS was detected. Prevalence, stratifications for sex and
age along with comorbid situations were investigated. A p value lower than 0.05
was accepted as significant in statistical analyzes.

Results: Four thousand and ninety-three individuals were
investigated and 282 (6.9%) patients with RLS were detected. Data belong to
individuals regarding age, sex, sociodemographic features and comorbid
situations were obtained (Table I). Regarding the association of comorbid
situations, all investigated comorbid situations other than thyroid disorders were
associated with RLS (Table I). At least one relative had similar symptoms in
34.4% of the patients. Cases were significantly more frequent under 40 years of
age. Number of cases with mild and severe RLS symptoms were higher (Table II).









Discussion: In this study, we found the prevalence of RLS 6.9% in
the population aged between 15–80 years. There was no statistically significant
difference of distribution by means of age groups. There was statistically
significant difference by means of gender distribution (p:0.048). There was no
connection between disease and education status, economic status and
occupation. RLS was not associated with smoking or alcohol consumption. RLS was
associated with all investigated comorbid situations other than thyroid
disorders. One third of the cases had upper extremity involvement and positive
family history. More than half of the cases, symptoms started before the age of
40. Our findings were important in terms of high prevalence and increased
disease frequency with high altitude.

References

  • 1- Ekbom K, Ulfberg J. Restless legs syndrome. J Intern Med. 2009 Nov;266(5):419-31.
  • 2- Sander HH, Eckeli AL, Costa Passos AD, Azevedo L, Fernandes do Prado LB, França Fernandes RM. Prevalence and quality of life and sleep in children and adolescents with restless legs syndrome/Willis-Ekbom disease. Sleep Med. 2017 Feb;30:204-209.
  • 3- Allen RP, Picchietti D, Hening WA, Trenkwalder C, Walters AS, Montplaisi J. Restless legs syndrome: diagnostic criteria, special considerations, and epidemiology. A report from the restless legs syndrome diagnosis and epidemiology workshop at the National Institutes of Health. Sleep Med 2003;4:101–19.
  • 4- Michaud M, Dumont M, Selmaoui B, Paquet J, Fantini ML, Montplaisir J. Circadian rhythm of restless legs syndrome: relationship with biological markers. Ann Neurol. 2004 Mar;55(3):372-80.
  • 5- Sudhansu Chokroverty. Restless Legs syndrome. Sleep Disorders. Neurology In Clinical Practice The Neuroloical Disorders. Third Edition. Chapter. 72;1799-1801.
  • 6- Sevim S, Dogu O, Camdeviren H, et al. Unexpectedly low prevalence and unusual characteristics of RLS in Mersin, Turkey. Neurology. 2003;61:1562-9.
  • 7- The International Restless Legs syndrome Study Group. Validation of the International Restless Legs syndrome Study Group rating scale for restless legs syndrome. Sleep Medicine. 4:2003:121-132.
  • 8- Cho SJ, Hong JP, Hahm BJ, et al. Restless legs syndrome in a community sample of Korean adults: prevalence, impact on quality of life, and association with DSM-IV psychiatric disorders. Sleep. 2009 Aug;32(8):1069-76.
  • 9- Güler S, Caylan A, Nesrin Turan F, Dağdeviren N, Çelik Y. The prevalence of restless legs syndrome in Edirne and its districts concomitant comorbid conditions and secondary complications. Neurol Sci. 2015 Oct;36(10):1805-12.
  • 10- Ulfberg J, Nystrom B, Carter N, Edling C. Prevalence of restless legs syndrome among men aged 18 to 64 years: an association with somatic disease and neuropsychiatric symptoms. Mov Disord 2001; 16:1159–63.
  • 11- Ulfberg J, Nystrom B, Carter N, Edling C. Restless legs syndrome among working-aged women. Eur Neurol 2001;46:17–19.
  • 12- Richard P. Allen, Arthur S. Walters, J. Montplaisir. Restless Legs syndrome Prevalans and Impact. REST General Population Study. Archives of Internal Medicine. 2005;vol.165:1286-1292.
  • 13- Cho YW, Shin WC, Yun CH, et al. Epidemiology of restless legs syndrome in Korean adults. Sleep. 2008;31:219-23.
  • 14- Hadjigeorgiou GM, Stefanidis I, Dardiotis E, et al. Low RLS prevalence and awareness in central Greece: an epidemiological survey. Eur J Neurol. 2007;14:1275-80.
  • 15- Winkelmann J, Wetter TC, Collado-Seidel V, et al. Clinical characteristics and frequency of the hereditary restless legs syndrome in a population of 300 patients. Sleep. 2000;23:597-602.
  • 16- Schlesinger I, Erikh I, Avizohar O, Sprecher E, Yarnitsky D. Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Restless Legs Syndrome. Movement Disorders. 2009:1587-1592.
  • 17- Winkelman JW, Chertow GM, Lazarus JM. Restless legs syndrome in end-stage renal disease. Am J Kidney Dis. 1996:28:372-378.
  • 18- Banno K, Delaive K, Walld R, Kryger MH. Restless legs syndrome in 218 patients: associated disorders. Sleep Med. 2000;1:221-9.
  • 19- Benediktsdottir B, Janson C, Lindberg E, et al. Prevalence of restless legs syndrome among adults in Iceland and Sweden: lung function, comorbidity, ferritin, biomarkers and quality of life. Sleep Med. 2010;11:1043-8.
  • 20- Högl B, Kiechl S, Willeit J, et al. Restless legs syndrome: a community-based study of prevalence, severity, and risk factors. Neurology. 2005;64:1920-4.
  • 21- Vogl FD, Pichler I, Adel S, et al. Restless legs syndrome: epidemiological and clinicogenetic study in a South Tyrolean population isolate. Mov Disord. 2006;21:1189-95.
  • 22- Unruh ML, Levey AS, D'Ambrosio C, Fink NE, Powe NR, Meyer KB. Restless legs symp-toms among incident dialysis patients: association with lower quality of life and shorter survival. Am J Kidney Dis 2004;43:900-909.
  • 23- Gupta R, Ulfberg J, Allen RP, Goel D. High prevalence of restless legs syndrome/Willis Ekbom Disease (RLS/WED) among people living at high altitude in the Indian Himalaya. Sleep Med. 2017 Jul;35:7-11.
  • 24- Nomura T, Inoue Y, Kusumi M, Uemura Y, Nakashima K. Prevalence of restless legs syndrome in a rural community in Japan. Mov Disord. 2008;23:2363-9.
  • 25- Ohayon MM, O'Hara R, Vitiello MV. Epidemiology of RLS: A synthesis of the literature. Sleep medicine Reviews. 2011:1-13.
  • 26- Tasdemir M, Erdo gan H, Börü UT, Dilaver E, Kumas¸ A. Epidemiology of restless legs syndrome in Turkish adults on the western Black Sea coast of Turkey: a door-to-door study in a rural area. Sleep Med. 2010;11:82-6.
  • 27- Lee HB, Hening WA, Allen RP, et al. Restless legs syndrome is associated with DSM-IV major depressive disorder and panic disorder in the community. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2008;20:101-5.
  • 28- Kim KW, Yoon IY, Chung S, et al. Prevalence, comorbidities and risk factors of restless legs syndrome in the Korean elderly population e results from the Korean Longitudinal Study on Health and Aging. J Sleep Res. 2010;19:87-92.
  • 29- Ohayon MM, Roth T. Prevalence of restless legs syndrome and periodic limb movement disorder in the general population. J Psychosom Res. 2002;53:547-54.
  • 30- Ondo WG, He Y, Rajasekaran S, Le WD. Clinical correlates of 6-hydroxydopamine injections into A11 dopaminergic neurons in rats: a possible model for restless legs syndrome. Mov Disord. 2000;15:154-8.
  • 31- Tings T, Schettler V, Canelo M, Paulus W, Trenkwalder C. Impact of regular LDL apheresis on the development of restless legs syndrome. Mov Disord. 2004;19:1072-1075.
  • 32- Rothdach AJ, Trenkwalder C, Haberstock J, Keil U, Berger K. Prevalence and risk factors of RLSin an elderly population: the MEMO study. Memory and morbidity in Augsburg elderly. Neurology. 2000;54:1064-68.
  • 33- Tison F, Crochard A, Léger D, Bouée S, Lainey E, El Hasnaoui A. Epidemiology of restless legs syndrome in French adults: a nationwide survey: the INSTANT Study. Neurology. 2005;65:239-46.
  • 34- Phillips B, Hening W, Britz P, Mannino D. Prevalence and correlates of restless legs syndrome: results from the 2005 National Sleep Foundation Poll.Chest. 2006;129:76-80.
  • 35- Ondo W, Jankovic C. Restless Legs Syndrome: clinicoetiolologic correlates. Neurology. 1996;47:1435-41.
  • 36- Montplaisir J. Boucher S, Poirier G. Clinical, polysomnografic and genetic characteristics of restless legs syndrome: a study of 133 patients diagnosed with new Standard criteria. Mov Disord. 1997;12:61-65.
  • 37- Winkelmann J, Wetter TC, Collado-Seidel V, et al. Clinical characteristics and frequency of the hereditary restless legs syndrome in a population of 300 patients. Sleep. 2000;23:597-602.
  • 38- Park YM, Lee HJ, Kang SG, et al. Prevalence of idiopathic and secondary restless legs syndrome in Korean women. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2010;32:164-8.
There are 38 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Original Research
Authors

Mustafa Ceylan 0000-0002-9916-0156

Recep Aygül This is me 0000-0002-3603-2480

Ahmet Yalçın 0000-0002-9708-0988

Publication Date March 27, 2019
Acceptance Date January 16, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2019 Volume: 9 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Ceylan, M., Aygül, R., & Yalçın, A. (2019). Erzurum İli Huzursuz Bacak Sendromu Prevelansının Araştırılması ve Sosyodemografik Özelliklerin İncelenmesi. Çağdaş Tıp Dergisi, 9(1), 48-54. https://doi.org/10.16899/gopctd.448777
AMA Ceylan M, Aygül R, Yalçın A. Erzurum İli Huzursuz Bacak Sendromu Prevelansının Araştırılması ve Sosyodemografik Özelliklerin İncelenmesi. J Contemp Med. March 2019;9(1):48-54. doi:10.16899/gopctd.448777
Chicago Ceylan, Mustafa, Recep Aygül, and Ahmet Yalçın. “Erzurum İli Huzursuz Bacak Sendromu Prevelansının Araştırılması Ve Sosyodemografik Özelliklerin İncelenmesi”. Çağdaş Tıp Dergisi 9, no. 1 (March 2019): 48-54. https://doi.org/10.16899/gopctd.448777.
EndNote Ceylan M, Aygül R, Yalçın A (March 1, 2019) Erzurum İli Huzursuz Bacak Sendromu Prevelansının Araştırılması ve Sosyodemografik Özelliklerin İncelenmesi. Çağdaş Tıp Dergisi 9 1 48–54.
IEEE M. Ceylan, R. Aygül, and A. Yalçın, “Erzurum İli Huzursuz Bacak Sendromu Prevelansının Araştırılması ve Sosyodemografik Özelliklerin İncelenmesi”, J Contemp Med, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 48–54, 2019, doi: 10.16899/gopctd.448777.
ISNAD Ceylan, Mustafa et al. “Erzurum İli Huzursuz Bacak Sendromu Prevelansının Araştırılması Ve Sosyodemografik Özelliklerin İncelenmesi”. Çağdaş Tıp Dergisi 9/1 (March 2019), 48-54. https://doi.org/10.16899/gopctd.448777.
JAMA Ceylan M, Aygül R, Yalçın A. Erzurum İli Huzursuz Bacak Sendromu Prevelansının Araştırılması ve Sosyodemografik Özelliklerin İncelenmesi. J Contemp Med. 2019;9:48–54.
MLA Ceylan, Mustafa et al. “Erzurum İli Huzursuz Bacak Sendromu Prevelansının Araştırılması Ve Sosyodemografik Özelliklerin İncelenmesi”. Çağdaş Tıp Dergisi, vol. 9, no. 1, 2019, pp. 48-54, doi:10.16899/gopctd.448777.
Vancouver Ceylan M, Aygül R, Yalçın A. Erzurum İli Huzursuz Bacak Sendromu Prevelansının Araştırılması ve Sosyodemografik Özelliklerin İncelenmesi. J Contemp Med. 2019;9(1):48-54.