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Dikkat Eksikliği Hiperaktivite Bozukluğu Tanılı Çocuklarda Yaşam Kalitesi

Year 2022, Volume: 11 Issue: 2, 586 - 595, 30.06.2022
https://doi.org/10.37989/gumussagbil.945390

Abstract

Bu çalışmada Dikkat Eksikliği Hiperaktivite bozukluğu (DEHB) olan çocukların yaşam kalitelerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Kesitsel ve tanımlayıcı olan bu çalışma Eylül 2017- Nisan 2018 tarihleri arasında DEHB tanısı nedeniyle Rehberlik ve Araştırma Merkezi’ne başvuruda bulunan 8-12 yaş arası 75 çocuk ile yapılmıştır. Araştırma verileri “Tanıtıcı Bilgi Formu” ve “Dikkat Eksikliği Hiperaktivite Bozukluğu Olan 8-12 Yaş Grubu Çocuklarda Yaşam Kalitesi Ölçeği (DE/HB-YKÖ)” kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Sayısal değişkenler ortalama ve standart sapma olarak, kategorik değişkenler sayı ve yüzde olarak sunulmuştur.
Çalışmaya katılan çocukların yaş ortalaması 10,48±1,25 olup %70,7’si erkektir. Araştırmadaki çocukların %73,3’ünün daha önce DEHB’yi bilmediği ve %38,7’sinde DEHB’ye eşlik eden bir hastalığın olduğu belirlenmiştir. Araştırmaya alınan çocukların DE/HB-YKÖ’ye göre puan ortalaması; okulda: 48,14±17,67; evde: 46,72±18,68 ile orta düzeyde olup aralarındaki farkın istatistiksel olarak anlamlı olduğu görülmüştür (p<0,05). DEHB olan çocukların okulda ve evde orta düzeyde yaşam kalitesine sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir. Pediatri hemşirelerinin DEHB olan çocukları erken dönemde belirleyerek tanılama için ilgili merkezlere yönlendirmeleri, çocuğa, ailesine ve sosyal çevresine DEHB ile ilgili bilgi vermeleri önerilmektedir.

References

  • 1. Froehlich, T.E, Anixt, J.S, Loe, I.M, Chirdkiatgumchai, V, Kuan, L. and Gilman, R.C. (2011). “Update on Environmental Risk Factors for Attention-Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder”. Current Psychiatry Reports, 13 (5), 333–344.
  • 2. American Psychiatric Association. (2013). “Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), Changes from DSM- IV to DSM–5”. Erişim Adresi: http://www.psychiatry.org/dsm5. (Erişim Tarihi: 28 Ocak 2020)
  • 3. Cetin, N,Y. and Akay, A. (2014). “Quality of Life in Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Review. Turkish Journal of Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 21 (2), 139-152.
  • 4. Becker, A, Roessner, V, Breuer, D, Döpfner, M. and Rothenberger, A. (2011). “Relationship Between Quality of Life and Psychopathological Profile: Data From an Observational Study in Children with ADHD”. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 20 (Suppl 2), 267-275.
  • 5. Wehmeier, P.M, Schacht, A. and Barkley, R.A. (2010). “Social and Emotional Impairment in Children and Adolescents with ADHD and the Impact on Quality of Life”. Journal of Adolescent Health, 46 (3), 209-217.
  • 6. Uneri, O.S, Dinc, G.S. and Goker, Z. (2015). “The Quality of Life (QoL) in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)”. Intechopen, 197-230. doi:10.5772/60955.
  • 7. Coghill, D, Danckaerts, M, Sonuga-Barke, E. and Sergeant, J. (2009). “Practitioner Review: Quality of Life in Child Mental Health–Conceptual Challenges and Practical Choices”. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 50 (5), 544–561. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2009.02008.x.
  • 8. Vlam, S.L. (2006). “Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Diagnostic Assessment Methods Used by Advanced Practice Registered Nurses”. Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 32 (1), 18–24.
  • 9. Dang, M.T, Warrington, D, Tung, T, Baker, D. and Pan, R.J. (2007). “A School Based Approach to Early Identification and Management of Students with ADHD”. The Journal of School Nursing, 23 (1), 2-12. doi.org/10.1177/10598405070230010201. 10. Uneri, O.S, Turgut, S, Oner, P, Bodur, S. and Rezaki, B. (2010). “Quality of Life in 8-12 Years Old Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder”. Turkish Journal of Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 17 (1), 27-32.
  • 11. Dolgun, G, Savaser, S. and Yazgan, Y. (2005). “Development of the Quality of Life Scale in Children of the Age Group of 8-12 Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (AD/HD-QOLS)”. Hemarge, 7 (1,2), 39-52.
  • 12. Padilla, A.M, Cuartas, D.B, Duque, Henao, L.F, Burgos, Arroyo, E.A. and Salazar Flórez, J.E. (2018). “Knowledge of ADHD Among Primary School Teachers in Public Schools in Sabaneta, Antioquia, Colombia”. Revista Colombiana de Psiquiatria, 47 (3), 165–169. doi.org/10.1016/j.rcpeng.2018.06.005.
  • 13. Pliszka, S.R, Crismon, M.L, Hughes, C.W, Corners, C.K, Emslie, G.J, Jensen, P.S, McCracken, J.T, Swanson, J.M. and Lopez, M. (2006). “The Texas Children's Medication Algorithm Project: Revision of the Algorithm for Pharmacotherapy of Attentiondeficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder”. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 45 (6), 642-657. doi: 10.1097/01.chi.0000215326.51175.eb.
  • 14. Karabekiroglu, K, Memik, N.C, Ozel, O.O, Toros, F, Oztop, D, Ozbaran B, Cengel-Kultur, E, Akbaş, S, Nur Taşdemir, G, Ayaz, M, Aydın, C, Bildik, T, Erermiş, S. and Yaman, A.K. (2009). “Stigmatization and Misinterpretations on ADHD and Autism: A Multi-Central Study with Elementary School Teachers and Parents”. The Turkish Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 12 (2), 79-89.
  • 15. Bussing, R, Zima, B, Mason, D.M, Johanna, M, White, K. and Cynthia, G.W. (2012). “ADHD Knowledge, Perceptions, and Information Sources: Perspectives from a Community Sample of Adolescents and their Parents”. Journal of Adolescent Health, 51 (6), 593–600. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2012.03.004.
  • 16. Masi, L. and Gignac, M. (2015). “ADHD and Comorbid Disorders in Childhood Psychiatric Problems, Medical Problems, Learning Disorders and Developmental Coordination Disorder”. Clinical Psychiatry, 1 (1:5), 1-9. doi:10.21767/2471-9854.100005.
  • 17. Taurines, R, Schmitt, J, Renner, T, Conner, A.C, Warnke, A. and Romanos, M. (2010). “Developmental Comorbidity in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder”. Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders, 2 (4), 267-289. doi.org/10.1007/s12402-010-0040-0.
  • 18. Herguner, S. and Herguner, A. (2012). “Psychiatric Comorbidity in Children and Adolescents with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder”. Archives of Neuropsychiatry, 49 (2), 114-118. doi: 10.4274/npa.y6125.
  • 19. Aktepe, E. (2011). “Sociodemographic Features and Comorbidity of Children Adolescents Diagnosed as Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder”. New Symposium Journal, 49 (4), 201-209.
  • 20. Tsai, C.S, Huang, Y.S, Wu, C.L, Hwang, F.M, Young, K.B, Tsai, M.H. and Chu, S.M. (2013). “Long-term Effects of Stimulants on Neurocognitive Performance of Taiwanese Children with Attention-Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder”. BMC Psychiatry, 13 (1), 330. doi: 10.1186/1471-244X-13-330.
  • 21. Danckaerts, M, Sonuga-Barke, E.J, Banaschewski, T, Buitelaar, J, Dopfner, M, Hollis, C, Santosh, P, Rothenberger, A, Sergeant, J, Steinhausen, H.C, Taylor, E, Zuddas, A. and Coghill, D. (2010). “The Quality of Life of Children with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Systematic Review”. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 19 (2), 83–105. doi: 10.1007/s00787-009-0046-3.
  • 22. Polanczyk, G. and Jensen, P. (2008). “Epidemiologic Considerationsin Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Review and Update”. Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 17 (2), 245-260. doi: 10.1016/j.chc.2007.11.006.
  • 23. Ercan, E.S, Bilac, Ö, Ozaslan, U.T. and Ardic, A.U. (2016). “Prevalence of Psychiatric Disorders Among Turkish Children: The Effects of Impairment and Sociodemographic Correlates”. Child Psychiatry and Human Development, 47 (1), 35-42. doi: 10.1007/s10578-015-0541-3
  • 24. Güler, A.S, Scahill, L, Jeon, S, Taşkın, B, Dedeoğlu, C, Ünal, S. and Yazgan, Y. (2017). “Use of Multiple Informants to Identify Children at High Risk for ADHD in Turkish School-Age Children”. Journal of Attention Disorders, 21 (9), 764-765. doi.org/10.1177/1087054714530556.
  • 25. Bauermeister, J.J, Shrout, P.E, Chávez, L, Rubio-Stipec, M, Ramírez, R, Padilla, L, Anderson, A, García, P. and Canino, G. (2007). “ADHD and Gender: Are Risks and Sequela of ADHD the same for Boys and Girls?”. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 48 (8), 831-839. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2007.01750.x.
  • 26. Cansız, M.A. (2018). Dikkat Eksikliği/ Hiperaktivite Bozukluğu Tanılı Çocuk ve Ergenlerde Görsel Uzamsal Becerilerin Nöropsikolojik Testler ve Özbildirim Ölçekleri ile Değerlendirilmesi ve Yaşam Kalitesi ile İlişkilerinin Belirlenmesi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, Bolu.
  • 27. Akgün, G.M, Tufan, A.E, Yurteri, N. ve Erdoğan, A. (2011). “Dikkat Eksikliği Hiperaktivite Bozukluğunun Genetik Boyutu”. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar, 3 (1), 15-48.
  • 28. Caci, H, Asherson, P, Donfrancesco, R, Faraone, S.V, Hervas, A, Fitzgerald, M. and Döpfner, M. (2015). “Daily Life Impairments Associated with Childhood/ Adolescent Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder as Recalled by Adults: Results from the European Lifetime Impairment Survey”. CNS Spectrums, 20 (2), 112-121. doi:10.1017/S1092852914000078.
  • 29. Gudjonsson, G.H, Sigurdsson, J.F, Eyjolfsdottir, G.A, Smari, J. and Young, S. (2009). “The Relationship Between Satisfaction with Life, ADHD Symptoms, and Associated Problems Among University Students”. Journal of Attention Disorders, 12 (6), 507-515. doi:10.1177/1087054708323018.
  • 30. O’Callaghan, P. and Sharma, D. (2014). “Severity of Symptoms and Quality of Life in Medical Students with ADHD”. Journal of Attention Disorders, 18 (8), 654-658. doi:10.1177/1087054712445064.
  • 31. Mora, N. (2014). “Reproduction of Patriarchal Hegemony in Media Texts”. Electronic Journal of Social Sciences, 13 (48), 131-147.

Quality of Life in Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Diagnosis

Year 2022, Volume: 11 Issue: 2, 586 - 595, 30.06.2022
https://doi.org/10.37989/gumussagbil.945390

Abstract

This study aims to determine the quality of life among children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). This cross-sectional and descriptive study was conducted with 75 children aged 8-12 who applied to the Guidance and Research Center for the diagnosis of ADHD between September 2017 and April 2018.The research data were collected with the "Introductory Information Form" and "The Quality Of Life Scale in Children of the Age Group of 8-12 Attention Defıcit/Hyperactivity Disorder (AD/HD-QOLS)".
The average age of the children participating in the study is 10.48±1.25 and 70.7% are male. It was determined that 73.3% of the children in the study did not know ADHD before and 38.7% had a condition accompanying ADHD. The average score of children according to AD/HD-QOLS; at school: 48.14±17.67; at home: 46.72±18.68, and the difference between was found to be statistically significant (p<0.05). It has been determined that children with ADHD have moderate quality of life at school and at home. It is recommended that pediatric nurses identify children diagnosed with ADHD in an early period and direct them to centers for diagnosis and treatment, and provide counseling services to the child, family and his social environment.

References

  • 1. Froehlich, T.E, Anixt, J.S, Loe, I.M, Chirdkiatgumchai, V, Kuan, L. and Gilman, R.C. (2011). “Update on Environmental Risk Factors for Attention-Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder”. Current Psychiatry Reports, 13 (5), 333–344.
  • 2. American Psychiatric Association. (2013). “Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), Changes from DSM- IV to DSM–5”. Erişim Adresi: http://www.psychiatry.org/dsm5. (Erişim Tarihi: 28 Ocak 2020)
  • 3. Cetin, N,Y. and Akay, A. (2014). “Quality of Life in Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Review. Turkish Journal of Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 21 (2), 139-152.
  • 4. Becker, A, Roessner, V, Breuer, D, Döpfner, M. and Rothenberger, A. (2011). “Relationship Between Quality of Life and Psychopathological Profile: Data From an Observational Study in Children with ADHD”. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 20 (Suppl 2), 267-275.
  • 5. Wehmeier, P.M, Schacht, A. and Barkley, R.A. (2010). “Social and Emotional Impairment in Children and Adolescents with ADHD and the Impact on Quality of Life”. Journal of Adolescent Health, 46 (3), 209-217.
  • 6. Uneri, O.S, Dinc, G.S. and Goker, Z. (2015). “The Quality of Life (QoL) in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)”. Intechopen, 197-230. doi:10.5772/60955.
  • 7. Coghill, D, Danckaerts, M, Sonuga-Barke, E. and Sergeant, J. (2009). “Practitioner Review: Quality of Life in Child Mental Health–Conceptual Challenges and Practical Choices”. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 50 (5), 544–561. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2009.02008.x.
  • 8. Vlam, S.L. (2006). “Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Diagnostic Assessment Methods Used by Advanced Practice Registered Nurses”. Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 32 (1), 18–24.
  • 9. Dang, M.T, Warrington, D, Tung, T, Baker, D. and Pan, R.J. (2007). “A School Based Approach to Early Identification and Management of Students with ADHD”. The Journal of School Nursing, 23 (1), 2-12. doi.org/10.1177/10598405070230010201. 10. Uneri, O.S, Turgut, S, Oner, P, Bodur, S. and Rezaki, B. (2010). “Quality of Life in 8-12 Years Old Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder”. Turkish Journal of Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 17 (1), 27-32.
  • 11. Dolgun, G, Savaser, S. and Yazgan, Y. (2005). “Development of the Quality of Life Scale in Children of the Age Group of 8-12 Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (AD/HD-QOLS)”. Hemarge, 7 (1,2), 39-52.
  • 12. Padilla, A.M, Cuartas, D.B, Duque, Henao, L.F, Burgos, Arroyo, E.A. and Salazar Flórez, J.E. (2018). “Knowledge of ADHD Among Primary School Teachers in Public Schools in Sabaneta, Antioquia, Colombia”. Revista Colombiana de Psiquiatria, 47 (3), 165–169. doi.org/10.1016/j.rcpeng.2018.06.005.
  • 13. Pliszka, S.R, Crismon, M.L, Hughes, C.W, Corners, C.K, Emslie, G.J, Jensen, P.S, McCracken, J.T, Swanson, J.M. and Lopez, M. (2006). “The Texas Children's Medication Algorithm Project: Revision of the Algorithm for Pharmacotherapy of Attentiondeficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder”. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 45 (6), 642-657. doi: 10.1097/01.chi.0000215326.51175.eb.
  • 14. Karabekiroglu, K, Memik, N.C, Ozel, O.O, Toros, F, Oztop, D, Ozbaran B, Cengel-Kultur, E, Akbaş, S, Nur Taşdemir, G, Ayaz, M, Aydın, C, Bildik, T, Erermiş, S. and Yaman, A.K. (2009). “Stigmatization and Misinterpretations on ADHD and Autism: A Multi-Central Study with Elementary School Teachers and Parents”. The Turkish Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 12 (2), 79-89.
  • 15. Bussing, R, Zima, B, Mason, D.M, Johanna, M, White, K. and Cynthia, G.W. (2012). “ADHD Knowledge, Perceptions, and Information Sources: Perspectives from a Community Sample of Adolescents and their Parents”. Journal of Adolescent Health, 51 (6), 593–600. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2012.03.004.
  • 16. Masi, L. and Gignac, M. (2015). “ADHD and Comorbid Disorders in Childhood Psychiatric Problems, Medical Problems, Learning Disorders and Developmental Coordination Disorder”. Clinical Psychiatry, 1 (1:5), 1-9. doi:10.21767/2471-9854.100005.
  • 17. Taurines, R, Schmitt, J, Renner, T, Conner, A.C, Warnke, A. and Romanos, M. (2010). “Developmental Comorbidity in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder”. Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders, 2 (4), 267-289. doi.org/10.1007/s12402-010-0040-0.
  • 18. Herguner, S. and Herguner, A. (2012). “Psychiatric Comorbidity in Children and Adolescents with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder”. Archives of Neuropsychiatry, 49 (2), 114-118. doi: 10.4274/npa.y6125.
  • 19. Aktepe, E. (2011). “Sociodemographic Features and Comorbidity of Children Adolescents Diagnosed as Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder”. New Symposium Journal, 49 (4), 201-209.
  • 20. Tsai, C.S, Huang, Y.S, Wu, C.L, Hwang, F.M, Young, K.B, Tsai, M.H. and Chu, S.M. (2013). “Long-term Effects of Stimulants on Neurocognitive Performance of Taiwanese Children with Attention-Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder”. BMC Psychiatry, 13 (1), 330. doi: 10.1186/1471-244X-13-330.
  • 21. Danckaerts, M, Sonuga-Barke, E.J, Banaschewski, T, Buitelaar, J, Dopfner, M, Hollis, C, Santosh, P, Rothenberger, A, Sergeant, J, Steinhausen, H.C, Taylor, E, Zuddas, A. and Coghill, D. (2010). “The Quality of Life of Children with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Systematic Review”. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 19 (2), 83–105. doi: 10.1007/s00787-009-0046-3.
  • 22. Polanczyk, G. and Jensen, P. (2008). “Epidemiologic Considerationsin Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Review and Update”. Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 17 (2), 245-260. doi: 10.1016/j.chc.2007.11.006.
  • 23. Ercan, E.S, Bilac, Ö, Ozaslan, U.T. and Ardic, A.U. (2016). “Prevalence of Psychiatric Disorders Among Turkish Children: The Effects of Impairment and Sociodemographic Correlates”. Child Psychiatry and Human Development, 47 (1), 35-42. doi: 10.1007/s10578-015-0541-3
  • 24. Güler, A.S, Scahill, L, Jeon, S, Taşkın, B, Dedeoğlu, C, Ünal, S. and Yazgan, Y. (2017). “Use of Multiple Informants to Identify Children at High Risk for ADHD in Turkish School-Age Children”. Journal of Attention Disorders, 21 (9), 764-765. doi.org/10.1177/1087054714530556.
  • 25. Bauermeister, J.J, Shrout, P.E, Chávez, L, Rubio-Stipec, M, Ramírez, R, Padilla, L, Anderson, A, García, P. and Canino, G. (2007). “ADHD and Gender: Are Risks and Sequela of ADHD the same for Boys and Girls?”. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 48 (8), 831-839. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2007.01750.x.
  • 26. Cansız, M.A. (2018). Dikkat Eksikliği/ Hiperaktivite Bozukluğu Tanılı Çocuk ve Ergenlerde Görsel Uzamsal Becerilerin Nöropsikolojik Testler ve Özbildirim Ölçekleri ile Değerlendirilmesi ve Yaşam Kalitesi ile İlişkilerinin Belirlenmesi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, Bolu.
  • 27. Akgün, G.M, Tufan, A.E, Yurteri, N. ve Erdoğan, A. (2011). “Dikkat Eksikliği Hiperaktivite Bozukluğunun Genetik Boyutu”. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar, 3 (1), 15-48.
  • 28. Caci, H, Asherson, P, Donfrancesco, R, Faraone, S.V, Hervas, A, Fitzgerald, M. and Döpfner, M. (2015). “Daily Life Impairments Associated with Childhood/ Adolescent Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder as Recalled by Adults: Results from the European Lifetime Impairment Survey”. CNS Spectrums, 20 (2), 112-121. doi:10.1017/S1092852914000078.
  • 29. Gudjonsson, G.H, Sigurdsson, J.F, Eyjolfsdottir, G.A, Smari, J. and Young, S. (2009). “The Relationship Between Satisfaction with Life, ADHD Symptoms, and Associated Problems Among University Students”. Journal of Attention Disorders, 12 (6), 507-515. doi:10.1177/1087054708323018.
  • 30. O’Callaghan, P. and Sharma, D. (2014). “Severity of Symptoms and Quality of Life in Medical Students with ADHD”. Journal of Attention Disorders, 18 (8), 654-658. doi:10.1177/1087054712445064.
  • 31. Mora, N. (2014). “Reproduction of Patriarchal Hegemony in Media Texts”. Electronic Journal of Social Sciences, 13 (48), 131-147.
There are 30 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Original Article
Authors

Semra Söngüt 0000-0003-1952-7980

Selen Özakar Akça 0000-0002-6943-6713

Publication Date June 30, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 11 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Söngüt, S., & Özakar Akça, S. (2022). Dikkat Eksikliği Hiperaktivite Bozukluğu Tanılı Çocuklarda Yaşam Kalitesi. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 11(2), 586-595. https://doi.org/10.37989/gumussagbil.945390
AMA Söngüt S, Özakar Akça S. Dikkat Eksikliği Hiperaktivite Bozukluğu Tanılı Çocuklarda Yaşam Kalitesi. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. June 2022;11(2):586-595. doi:10.37989/gumussagbil.945390
Chicago Söngüt, Semra, and Selen Özakar Akça. “Dikkat Eksikliği Hiperaktivite Bozukluğu Tanılı Çocuklarda Yaşam Kalitesi”. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 11, no. 2 (June 2022): 586-95. https://doi.org/10.37989/gumussagbil.945390.
EndNote Söngüt S, Özakar Akça S (June 1, 2022) Dikkat Eksikliği Hiperaktivite Bozukluğu Tanılı Çocuklarda Yaşam Kalitesi. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 11 2 586–595.
IEEE S. Söngüt and S. Özakar Akça, “Dikkat Eksikliği Hiperaktivite Bozukluğu Tanılı Çocuklarda Yaşam Kalitesi”, Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 586–595, 2022, doi: 10.37989/gumussagbil.945390.
ISNAD Söngüt, Semra - Özakar Akça, Selen. “Dikkat Eksikliği Hiperaktivite Bozukluğu Tanılı Çocuklarda Yaşam Kalitesi”. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 11/2 (June 2022), 586-595. https://doi.org/10.37989/gumussagbil.945390.
JAMA Söngüt S, Özakar Akça S. Dikkat Eksikliği Hiperaktivite Bozukluğu Tanılı Çocuklarda Yaşam Kalitesi. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2022;11:586–595.
MLA Söngüt, Semra and Selen Özakar Akça. “Dikkat Eksikliği Hiperaktivite Bozukluğu Tanılı Çocuklarda Yaşam Kalitesi”. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, vol. 11, no. 2, 2022, pp. 586-95, doi:10.37989/gumussagbil.945390.
Vancouver Söngüt S, Özakar Akça S. Dikkat Eksikliği Hiperaktivite Bozukluğu Tanılı Çocuklarda Yaşam Kalitesi. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2022;11(2):586-95.