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The Effect of Vaccine Education Program Based on the Integrated Change Model on Vaccine Advocacy and Vaccine Literacy: The Protocol of a Randomized Waiting List Controlled Study

Year 2024, Volume: 11 Issue: 1, 88 - 97, 28.03.2024

Deniz S. Yorulmaz Deniz Koçoğlu-tanyer

https://doi.org/10.31125/hunhemsire.1342837

Abstract

Aim: This research will be carried out to evaluate the effect of the vaccine education program prepared according to the Integrated Change Model on improving mothers' vaccine literacy and turning mothers into vaccine advocates.
Material and Methods: This research will be conducted as a randomized, waiting list-controlled experimental study in a parallel design. The sample size of the study was determined as 74 mothers, 37 experimental and 37 control, based on power analysis and considering data losses. Mothers who meet the inclusion criteria and volunteer for the study will be randomly assigned to the experimental and waiting list groups. The vaccination training program will be held in four sessions, one week apart. Sessions will be held with groups of 4-5 people; Each session will take approximately 45 minutes. Sessions for mothers in the waiting list control group will be held after the second measurement. The primary outcome measure of the study was the change in mothers' vaccine literacy, vaccine advocacy intention, and vaccine attitudes, and the secondary outcome measure was the change in mothers' vaccination knowledge and vaccine information resources. Changes in the primary and secondary outcome measures in the experimental and control groups will be examined to evaluate the effectiveness of the vaccine education program. The CONSORT-Outcomes 2022 Extension (CONSORT 2022 Outcomes Extension) will be used as a guide in reporting the research.
Discussion: In order to protect and improve public health and to fight against vaccine hesitancy, there is a need for individuals who are highly vaccine literate and vaccine advocacy, apart from health professionals. The results of this research will provide information about the development of vaccine literacy and its impact on mothers' ability to advocate for vaccines. According to the literature review, this study will be the first randomized experimental study to evaluate the effect of the vaccine education program given to mothers on being a vaccine advocate. The results of the research will guide health workers and researchers to protect public health and combat vaccine hesitancy. In addition, it is thought that the results of the research will guide policymakers.
Trial Registration: This protocol was registered to ClinicalTrials on 03.07.2023 with the number NCT05929053.

Keywords

Experimental model immunization literacy randomized controlled trial vaccines

Project Number

Herhangi bir projeden destek alınmamıştır.

References

  • Ellithorpe ME, Adams R, Aladé, F. Parents’ behaviors and experiences associated with four vaccination behavior groups for childhood vaccine hesitancy. Matern Child Health J. 2022:1-9.
  • World Health Organization (WHO). National immunization coverage scorecards estimates for 2018 [Internet]. 2019. [Erişim Tarihi 21 Şubat 2024]. Erişim adresi: https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/national-immunization-coverage-scorecards-estimates-for-2018
  • World Health Organization (WHO). Global Vaccine Action Plan 2011-2020 [Internet]. 2013. [Erişim Tarihi 10 Ağustos 2023]. Erişim adresi: https://www.who.int/teams/immunization-vaccines-and-biologicals/strategies/global-vaccine-action-plan
  • World Health Organization (WHO). Vaccines and immunization [Internet]. 2024. [Erişim Tarihi 21 Şubat 2024]. Erişim adresi: https://www.who.int/health-topics/vaccines-and-immunization#tab=tab_1
  • MacDonald NE. Vaccine hesitancy: Definition, scope and determinants. Vaccine. 2005;33(34):4161-4.
  • Betsch C, Schmid P, Heinemeier D, Korn L, Holtmann C, Böhm R. Beyond confidence: Development of a measure assessing the 5C psychological antecedents of vaccination. PloSOne. 2018;13(12):e0208601.
  • Nas MA, Atabay G, Şakiroğlu F, Cayir Y. Vaccine rejection in a university’s training family health centers. Konuralp Medical Journal. 2020;12(3):430-4.
  • Fadhillah YN, Damayanti R. Factors Associated with The Rejection of Child Immunization: A Systematic Review [Bildiri]. In 6th International Conference on Public Health; 23-24 Ekim 2019; Solo, Indonesia.
  • Olson O, Berry C, Kumar N. Addressing parental vaccine hesitancy towards childhood vaccines in the United States: A systematic literature review of communication interventions and strategies. Vaccines. 2020;8(4):590.
  • Sadaf A, Richards JL, Glanz J, Salmon DA, Omer SB. A systematic review of interventions for reducing parental vaccine refusal and vaccine hesitancy. Vaccine. 2013;31(40):4293-304.
  • Eskola J, Duclos P, Schuster M, MacDonald NE. How to deal with vaccine hesitancy?. Vaccine. 2015;33(34):4215-7.
  • Bayık Temel A, Topçu S. Halk Sağlığı Hemşireliği. Özüm Erkin, Aslı Kalkım, İlknur Göl, editörler. Ankara: Nobel Çukurova Tıp Kitabevi; 2021.
  • Balinska MA. What is vaccine advocacy?: Proposal for a definition and action. Vaccine. 2004;22(11-12):1335-42.
  • Aharony N, Goldman R. (2017). E-health literacy and the vaccination dilemma: an Israeli perspective. İnformation Research. 2017;22(2):1-20.
  • Hasar M, Özer ZY, Bozdemir N. Aşı reddi nedenleri ve aşılar hakkındaki görüşler. Cukurova Med J. 2021;46(1):166-76.
  • Gunes NA. Parents' perspectives about vaccine Hesitancies and vaccine rejection, in the West of Turkey. J Pediatr Nurs. 2020;53:e186-94.
  • Habib MA, Soofi S, Cousens S, Anwar S, ul Haque N, Ahmed I, Bhutta ZA. Community engagement and integrated health and polio immunisation campaigns in conflict-affected areas of Pakistan: A cluster randomised controlled trial. The Lancet Global Health. 2017;5(6):e593-e603.
  • Hall V, Banerjee E, Kenyon C, Strain A, Griffith J, Como-Sabetti K, Ehresmann K. Measles outbreak—minnesota april–may 2017. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. 2017;66(27):713.
  • Tsui J, Shin M, Sloan K, Martinez B, Palinkas LA, Baezconde-Garbanati L, Crabtree BF. Understanding clinic and community member experiences with implementation of evidence-based strategies for HPV vaccination in safety-net primary care settings. Prevention Science. 2023:1-16.
  • Williams JT, Robinson K, Abbott E, Rojop N, Shiffman M, Rice JD, Asturias EJ. Community perceptions of vaccine advocacy for children under five in rural Guatemala. PLOS Global Public Health. 2023;3(5):e0000728.
  • Larson HJ, Jarrett C, Schulz WS, Chaudhuri M, Zhou Y, Dube E, et. al. Measuring vaccine hesitancy: the development of a survey tool. Vaccine. 2015;33(34):4165-75.
  • Derdemezis C, Markozannes G, Rontogianni MO, Trigki M, Kanellopoulou A, Papamichail, D, et.al. Parental hesitancy towards the established childhood vaccination programmes in the COVID-19 era: Assessing the drivers of a challenging public health concern. Vaccines. 2022;10(5):814.
  • De Vries HD, Mudde AN. Predicting stage transitions for smoking cessation applying the attitude-social influence-efficacy model. Psychol Health. 1998;13(2):369-85.
  • Butcher NJ, Monsour A, Mew EJ, Chan AW, Moher D, Mayo-Wilson E, et.al. (2022). Guidelines for reporting outcomes in trial reports: the CONSORT-Outcomes 2022 extension. JAMA. 2022;328(22):2252-64.
  • Akın B, Koçoğlu-Tanyer D. SPIRIT 2013 Bildirisi: Klinik deneyler için standart protokol maddelerinin tanımlanması. HUHEMFAD. 2021;8(1):117-27.
  • Bardak F. Annelerin sağlık inanç modeline göre aşı tutumları ve bazı bebek sağlığı uygulamaları ile ilişkisi [Yüksek Lisans Tezi]. Konya: Selçuk Üniversitesi;2021.
  • Esin N. Örnekleme. Editörler: Semra Erdoğan, Nursen Nahcivan, Nihal Esin. Hemşirelikte Araştırma. 4. Baskı. İstanbul: Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri; 2021.
  • Dubé E, Vivion M, MacDonald NE. Vaccine hesitancy, vaccine refusal and the anti-vaccine movement: influence, impact and implications. Expert Rev Vaccines. 2015;14(1):99-117.
  • Al-Regaiey KA, Alshamry WS, Alqarni RA, Albarrak MK, Alghoraiby RM, Alkadi DY, et.al. Influence of social media on parents’ attitudes towards vaccine administration. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2022;18(1):1872340.
  • DeVries H, Mudde A, Leijs I, Charlton A, Vartiainen E, Buijs G, et.al. The European Smoking prevention Framework Approach (EFSA): an example of integral prevention. Health Educ Res. 2003;18(5):611-26.
  • Alamoodi AH, Zaidan BB, Al-Masawa M, Taresh SM, Noman S, Ahmaro IY, et.al. Multi-perspectives systematic review on the applications of sentiment analysis for vaccine hesitancy. Comput Biol Med. 2021;139:104957.
  • Nutbeam D. Health literacy as a public health goal: a challenge for contemporary health education and communication strategies into the 21st century. Health Promot Int. 2000;15(3):259-67.
  • Aharon AA, Nehama H, Rishpon S, Baron-Epel O. Parents with high levels of communicative and critical health literacy are less likely to vaccinate their children. Patient Educ Couns. 2017;100(4):768-75.
  • Yorulmaz DS, Kocoglu-Tanyer D. A vaccine literacy scale for childhood vaccines: Turkish validity and reliability vaccine literacy scale. Journal of Public Health. 2023;1-9.
  • Kocoglu‐Tanyer D, Dengiz KS, Sacikara Z. Development and psychometric properties of the public attitude towards vaccination scale–Health belief model. J Adv Nurs. 2020;76(6):1458-68.
  • Aygün E, Tortop HS. Ebeveynlerin aşı tereddüt düzeylerinin ve karşıtlık nedenlerinin incelenmesi. J Curr Pediatr. 2020;18(3):300-16.
  • Rizzi, M, Attwell K, Casigliani V, Taylor J, Quattrone F, Lopalco P. Legitimising a ‘zombie idea’: childhood vaccines and autism–the complex tale of two judgments on vaccine injury in Italy. Int J Law Context. 2021;17(4):548-68.
  • Özceylan G, Toprak D, Esen ES. Vaccine rejection and hesitation in Turkey. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2020;16(5):1034-9.
  • Oxford University Oxford Vaccine Group. Vaccine Knowledge Project [Internet]. 2024. [Erişim Tarihi 21 Şubat 2024]. Erişim adresi: https://www.ovg.ox.ac.uk/research/vaccine-knowledge-project
  • WHO. Immunization coverage [Internet]. 2024. [Erişim Tarihi 21 Şubat 2024]. Erişim adresi: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/immunization-coverage
  • T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı, Aşı Portalı [Erişim Tarihi 10 Ağustos 2023]. Erişim adresi: Aşı Portalı (saglik.gov.tr)
  • Akın B, Koçoğlu D. Randomize kontrollü deneyler. HUHEMFAD. 2017;4(1):73-92.
  • Beller EM, Gebski V, Keech AC. Randomisation in clinical trials. Medical Journal of Australia. 2002;177(10):565-7.
  • Broglio K. Randomization in clinical trials: permuted blocks and stratification. JAMA. 2018;319(21):2223-4.
  • Daniels D, Imdad A, Buscemi-Kimmins T, Vitale D, Rani U, Darabaner E, et.al. Vaccine hesitancy in the refugee, immigrant, and migrant population in the United States: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2022;18(6):2131168.

Bütünleştirilmiş Değişim Modeline Dayalı Hazırlanan Aşı Eğitim Programının Aşı Savunuculuğu ve Aşı Okuryazarlığı Üzerine Etkisi: Bir Randomize Bekleme Listesi Kontrollü Çalışmanın Protokolü

Year 2024, Volume: 11 Issue: 1, 88 - 97, 28.03.2024

Deniz S. Yorulmaz Deniz Koçoğlu-tanyer

https://doi.org/10.31125/hunhemsire.1342837

Abstract

Amaç: Bu araştırma, Bütünleştirilmiş Değişim Modeli’ne göre hazırlanan aşı eğitim programının annelerin aşı okuryazarlığının geliştirmesi ve annelerin aşı savunucusu bireye dönüşmesi üzerindeki etkisini değerlendirmek amacıyla gerçekleştirilecektir.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu araştırma paralel desende randomize, bekleme listesi kontrollü deneysel çalışma olarak gerçekleştirilecektir. Araştırmanın örneklem büyüklüğü güç analizine dayalı ve veri kayıpları da dikkate alınarak 37 deney, 37 kontrol olmak üzere 74 anne olarak belirlenmiştir. Dahil edilme kriterlerini karşılayan ve araştırmaya gönüllü olan anneler, deney ve bekleme listesi gruplarına rastgele atanacaktır. Aşı eğitim programı bir hafta arayla, dört oturum şekilde gerçekleştirilecektir. Oturumlar 4-5 kişilik gruplar ile yapılacak olup; her bir oturum yaklaşık 45 dakika sürecektir. Bekleme listesi kontrol grubunda yer alan anneler için oturumlar ikinci ölçümden sonra yapılacaktır. Araştırmanın birincil sonuç ölçütü annelerin aşı okuryazarlığı, aşı savunuculuğu niyeti ve aşı tutumlarındaki değişim, ikincil sonuç ölçütü ise annelerin aşı bilgisi ve aşı bilgi kaynaklarındaki değişimdir. Aşı eğitim programının etkinliğini değerlendirmek için deney ve kontrol gruplarındaki birincil ve ikinci sonuç ölçütlerindeki değişimler incelenecektir. Araştırmanın raporlanmasında The CONSORT-Outcomes 2022 Extension (CONSORT 2022 Sonuç Uzantısı) rehber olacak kullanılacaktır.
Tartışma: Halk sağlığının korunmak, geliştirmek ve aşı tereddütlüyle mücadele etmek için toplum içinde sağlık profesyonelleri dışında aşı okuryazarlığı ve aşı bilgisi yüksek, aşı savunucusu bireylere ihtiyaç vardır. Bu araştırma sonuçları aşı okuryazarlığının geliştirilmesi ile annelerin aşı savunuculuğu yapabilmesi üzerindeki etkisi hakkında bilgi verecektir. Literatür değerlendirmesine göre bu çalışma, annelere verilen aşı eğitim programının aşı savunucusu birey olma üzerindeki etkisini değerlendiren ilk randomize deneysel çalışma olacaktır. Araştırma sonuçlarının halk sağlığını korumak ve aşı tereddütlüyle mücadele etmek için sağlık çalışanları ve araştırmacılara rehberlik edeceği düşünülmektedir. Ayrıca araştırma sonuçlarının politika yapıcılarına da rehberlik edeceği düşünülmektedir.
Trial Registration: Bu protokol 03.07.2023 tarihinde NCT05929053 numarası ile ClinicalTrials’a kaydedilmiştir.

Keywords

Aşılar bağışıklama deneysel model okuryazarlık randomize kontrollü çalışma

Supporting Institution

Yoktur.

Project Number

Herhangi bir projeden destek alınmamıştır.

References

  • Ellithorpe ME, Adams R, Aladé, F. Parents’ behaviors and experiences associated with four vaccination behavior groups for childhood vaccine hesitancy. Matern Child Health J. 2022:1-9.
  • World Health Organization (WHO). National immunization coverage scorecards estimates for 2018 [Internet]. 2019. [Erişim Tarihi 21 Şubat 2024]. Erişim adresi: https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/national-immunization-coverage-scorecards-estimates-for-2018
  • World Health Organization (WHO). Global Vaccine Action Plan 2011-2020 [Internet]. 2013. [Erişim Tarihi 10 Ağustos 2023]. Erişim adresi: https://www.who.int/teams/immunization-vaccines-and-biologicals/strategies/global-vaccine-action-plan
  • World Health Organization (WHO). Vaccines and immunization [Internet]. 2024. [Erişim Tarihi 21 Şubat 2024]. Erişim adresi: https://www.who.int/health-topics/vaccines-and-immunization#tab=tab_1
  • MacDonald NE. Vaccine hesitancy: Definition, scope and determinants. Vaccine. 2005;33(34):4161-4.
  • Betsch C, Schmid P, Heinemeier D, Korn L, Holtmann C, Böhm R. Beyond confidence: Development of a measure assessing the 5C psychological antecedents of vaccination. PloSOne. 2018;13(12):e0208601.
  • Nas MA, Atabay G, Şakiroğlu F, Cayir Y. Vaccine rejection in a university’s training family health centers. Konuralp Medical Journal. 2020;12(3):430-4.
  • Fadhillah YN, Damayanti R. Factors Associated with The Rejection of Child Immunization: A Systematic Review [Bildiri]. In 6th International Conference on Public Health; 23-24 Ekim 2019; Solo, Indonesia.
  • Olson O, Berry C, Kumar N. Addressing parental vaccine hesitancy towards childhood vaccines in the United States: A systematic literature review of communication interventions and strategies. Vaccines. 2020;8(4):590.
  • Sadaf A, Richards JL, Glanz J, Salmon DA, Omer SB. A systematic review of interventions for reducing parental vaccine refusal and vaccine hesitancy. Vaccine. 2013;31(40):4293-304.
  • Eskola J, Duclos P, Schuster M, MacDonald NE. How to deal with vaccine hesitancy?. Vaccine. 2015;33(34):4215-7.
  • Bayık Temel A, Topçu S. Halk Sağlığı Hemşireliği. Özüm Erkin, Aslı Kalkım, İlknur Göl, editörler. Ankara: Nobel Çukurova Tıp Kitabevi; 2021.
  • Balinska MA. What is vaccine advocacy?: Proposal for a definition and action. Vaccine. 2004;22(11-12):1335-42.
  • Aharony N, Goldman R. (2017). E-health literacy and the vaccination dilemma: an Israeli perspective. İnformation Research. 2017;22(2):1-20.
  • Hasar M, Özer ZY, Bozdemir N. Aşı reddi nedenleri ve aşılar hakkındaki görüşler. Cukurova Med J. 2021;46(1):166-76.
  • Gunes NA. Parents' perspectives about vaccine Hesitancies and vaccine rejection, in the West of Turkey. J Pediatr Nurs. 2020;53:e186-94.
  • Habib MA, Soofi S, Cousens S, Anwar S, ul Haque N, Ahmed I, Bhutta ZA. Community engagement and integrated health and polio immunisation campaigns in conflict-affected areas of Pakistan: A cluster randomised controlled trial. The Lancet Global Health. 2017;5(6):e593-e603.
  • Hall V, Banerjee E, Kenyon C, Strain A, Griffith J, Como-Sabetti K, Ehresmann K. Measles outbreak—minnesota april–may 2017. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. 2017;66(27):713.
  • Tsui J, Shin M, Sloan K, Martinez B, Palinkas LA, Baezconde-Garbanati L, Crabtree BF. Understanding clinic and community member experiences with implementation of evidence-based strategies for HPV vaccination in safety-net primary care settings. Prevention Science. 2023:1-16.
  • Williams JT, Robinson K, Abbott E, Rojop N, Shiffman M, Rice JD, Asturias EJ. Community perceptions of vaccine advocacy for children under five in rural Guatemala. PLOS Global Public Health. 2023;3(5):e0000728.
  • Larson HJ, Jarrett C, Schulz WS, Chaudhuri M, Zhou Y, Dube E, et. al. Measuring vaccine hesitancy: the development of a survey tool. Vaccine. 2015;33(34):4165-75.
  • Derdemezis C, Markozannes G, Rontogianni MO, Trigki M, Kanellopoulou A, Papamichail, D, et.al. Parental hesitancy towards the established childhood vaccination programmes in the COVID-19 era: Assessing the drivers of a challenging public health concern. Vaccines. 2022;10(5):814.
  • De Vries HD, Mudde AN. Predicting stage transitions for smoking cessation applying the attitude-social influence-efficacy model. Psychol Health. 1998;13(2):369-85.
  • Butcher NJ, Monsour A, Mew EJ, Chan AW, Moher D, Mayo-Wilson E, et.al. (2022). Guidelines for reporting outcomes in trial reports: the CONSORT-Outcomes 2022 extension. JAMA. 2022;328(22):2252-64.
  • Akın B, Koçoğlu-Tanyer D. SPIRIT 2013 Bildirisi: Klinik deneyler için standart protokol maddelerinin tanımlanması. HUHEMFAD. 2021;8(1):117-27.
  • Bardak F. Annelerin sağlık inanç modeline göre aşı tutumları ve bazı bebek sağlığı uygulamaları ile ilişkisi [Yüksek Lisans Tezi]. Konya: Selçuk Üniversitesi;2021.
  • Esin N. Örnekleme. Editörler: Semra Erdoğan, Nursen Nahcivan, Nihal Esin. Hemşirelikte Araştırma. 4. Baskı. İstanbul: Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri; 2021.
  • Dubé E, Vivion M, MacDonald NE. Vaccine hesitancy, vaccine refusal and the anti-vaccine movement: influence, impact and implications. Expert Rev Vaccines. 2015;14(1):99-117.
  • Al-Regaiey KA, Alshamry WS, Alqarni RA, Albarrak MK, Alghoraiby RM, Alkadi DY, et.al. Influence of social media on parents’ attitudes towards vaccine administration. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2022;18(1):1872340.
  • DeVries H, Mudde A, Leijs I, Charlton A, Vartiainen E, Buijs G, et.al. The European Smoking prevention Framework Approach (EFSA): an example of integral prevention. Health Educ Res. 2003;18(5):611-26.
  • Alamoodi AH, Zaidan BB, Al-Masawa M, Taresh SM, Noman S, Ahmaro IY, et.al. Multi-perspectives systematic review on the applications of sentiment analysis for vaccine hesitancy. Comput Biol Med. 2021;139:104957.
  • Nutbeam D. Health literacy as a public health goal: a challenge for contemporary health education and communication strategies into the 21st century. Health Promot Int. 2000;15(3):259-67.
  • Aharon AA, Nehama H, Rishpon S, Baron-Epel O. Parents with high levels of communicative and critical health literacy are less likely to vaccinate their children. Patient Educ Couns. 2017;100(4):768-75.
  • Yorulmaz DS, Kocoglu-Tanyer D. A vaccine literacy scale for childhood vaccines: Turkish validity and reliability vaccine literacy scale. Journal of Public Health. 2023;1-9.
  • Kocoglu‐Tanyer D, Dengiz KS, Sacikara Z. Development and psychometric properties of the public attitude towards vaccination scale–Health belief model. J Adv Nurs. 2020;76(6):1458-68.
  • Aygün E, Tortop HS. Ebeveynlerin aşı tereddüt düzeylerinin ve karşıtlık nedenlerinin incelenmesi. J Curr Pediatr. 2020;18(3):300-16.
  • Rizzi, M, Attwell K, Casigliani V, Taylor J, Quattrone F, Lopalco P. Legitimising a ‘zombie idea’: childhood vaccines and autism–the complex tale of two judgments on vaccine injury in Italy. Int J Law Context. 2021;17(4):548-68.
  • Özceylan G, Toprak D, Esen ES. Vaccine rejection and hesitation in Turkey. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2020;16(5):1034-9.
  • Oxford University Oxford Vaccine Group. Vaccine Knowledge Project [Internet]. 2024. [Erişim Tarihi 21 Şubat 2024]. Erişim adresi: https://www.ovg.ox.ac.uk/research/vaccine-knowledge-project
  • WHO. Immunization coverage [Internet]. 2024. [Erişim Tarihi 21 Şubat 2024]. Erişim adresi: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/immunization-coverage
  • T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı, Aşı Portalı [Erişim Tarihi 10 Ağustos 2023]. Erişim adresi: Aşı Portalı (saglik.gov.tr)
  • Akın B, Koçoğlu D. Randomize kontrollü deneyler. HUHEMFAD. 2017;4(1):73-92.
  • Beller EM, Gebski V, Keech AC. Randomisation in clinical trials. Medical Journal of Australia. 2002;177(10):565-7.
  • Broglio K. Randomization in clinical trials: permuted blocks and stratification. JAMA. 2018;319(21):2223-4.
  • Daniels D, Imdad A, Buscemi-Kimmins T, Vitale D, Rani U, Darabaner E, et.al. Vaccine hesitancy in the refugee, immigrant, and migrant population in the United States: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2022;18(6):2131168.
There are 45 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Health Literacy, Public Health Nursing
Journal Section Protokol Makaleleri
Authors

Deniz S. Yorulmaz 0000-0001-7115-5673

Deniz Koçoğlu-tanyer 0000-0001-9496-8749

Project Number Herhangi bir projeden destek alınmamıştır.
Early Pub Date March 28, 2024
Publication Date March 28, 2024
Submission Date August 14, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 11 Issue: 1

Cite

Vancouver Yorulmaz DS, Koçoğlu-tanyer D. Bütünleştirilmiş Değişim Modeline Dayalı Hazırlanan Aşı Eğitim Programının Aşı Savunuculuğu ve Aşı Okuryazarlığı Üzerine Etkisi: Bir Randomize Bekleme Listesi Kontrollü Çalışmanın Protokolü. JOHUFON. 2024;11(1):88-97.
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