Research Article
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Effects of Circuit Exercise Program on Cognitive Function, Functional Exercise Capacity, Mobility, Depression, and Quality of Life in Women with Gestational Diabetes

Year 2024, Volume: 11 Issue: 1, 290 - 310, 30.04.2024

Saadet Turhan Tekin Miray Budak Öykü Altınok

Abstract

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of circuit exercise programs applied in addition to diet therapy on cognitive function, functional exercise capacity, mobility, depression, and QoL in women with GD.
Materials and Methods: 43 women with GDM aged 18-35 years old were included and 43 were analyzed. A parallel, single-blind trial with participants allocated (1:1) to one of two groups the Exercise Group and the Diet Group. Personalized diet programs were received by all participants. In the Diet Group, only a diet program was performed. In the Exercise Group, a circuit exercise program was applied to 40-minute sessions, 3 days a week over 6 weeks in addition to the diet program. Participants were assessed at baseline, after 6 weeks for general cognitive function, attention, selective attention, functional exercise capacity, mobility, depression, and quality of life.
Results: Significant differences were found in terms of MoCA, Stroop ve SF-36 Physical Functioning in both groups (p<0.05). In Time*Group evaluations, there was a significant difference in the WMS Backward Digit Span in favor of the Diet Group, and in TUG in favor of the Exercise Group (p<0.05).
Conclusion: In conclusion, personalized diet programs may enhance cognitive functions, and circuit exercise programs in addition to the personalized diet program may enhance mobility and cognitive functions in women with GD.

Keywords

cognition diet exercise gestational diabetes

References

  • Adeniyi, A. F., Uloko, A. E., & Sani-Suleiman, I. (2010). Relationship Between the 6-minute Walk Test and Correlates of Type 2 Diabetes: Indication for caution in exercise prescription. African Journal of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Sciences, 2(1), 21-24.
  • Allehdan, S. S., Basha, A. S., Asali, F. F., & Tayyem, R. F. (2019). Dietary and exercise interventions and glycemic control and maternal and newborn outcomes in women diagnosed with gestational diabetes: Systematic review. Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews, 13(4), 2775-2784.
  • American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists' Committee on Practice Bulletins—Obstetrics (2018). ACOG Practice Bulletin No. 201: Pregestational Diabetes Mellitus. Obstetrics and gynecology, 132(6), e228–e248. https://doi.org/10.1097/AOG.0000000000002960
  • ATS Committee on Proficiency Standards for Clinical Pulmonary Function Laboratories (2002). ATS statement: guidelines for the six-minute walk test. American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine, 166(1), 111–117. https://doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm.166.1.at1102
  • Brankston, G. N., Mitchell, B. F., Ryan, E. A., & Okun, N. B. (2004). Resistance exercise decreases the need for insulin in overweight women with gestational diabetes mellitus. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology, 190(1), 188-193
  • Brown, J., Alwan, N. A., West, J., Brown, S., McKinlay, C. J., Farrar, D., & Crowther, C. A. (2017). Lifestyle interventions for the treatment of women with gestational diabetes. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, (5).
  • Caracciolo, B., Xu, W., Collins, S., & Fratiglioni, L. (2014). Cognitive decline, dietary factors and gut–brain interactions. Mechanisms of ageing and development, 136, 59-69.
  • Chen, S. M., Shen, F. C., Chen, J. F., Chang, W. D., & Chang, N. J. (2020). Effects of resistance exercise on glycated hemoglobin and functional performance in older patients with comorbid diabetes mellitus and knee osteoarthritis: a randomized trial. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(1), 224.
  • Colberg, S. R., Castorino, K., & Jovanovič, L. (2013). Prescribing physical activity to prevent and manage gestational diabetes. World journal of diabetes, 4(6), 256–262. https://doi.org/10.4239/wjd.v4.i6.256
  • Colberg, S. R., Sigal, R. J., Yardley, J. E., Riddell, M. C., Dunstan, D. W., Dempsey, P. C., Horton, E. S., Castorino, K., & Tate, D. F. (2016). Physical Activity/Exercise and Diabetes: A Position Statement of the American Diabetes Association. Diabetes care, 39(11), 2065–2079. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc16-1728
  • Cremona, A., O'Gorman, C., Cotter, A., Saunders, J., & Donnelly, A. (2018). Effect of exercise modality on markers of insulin sensitivity and blood glucose control in pregnancies complicated with gestational diabetes mellitus: a systematic review. Obesity science & practice, 4(5), 455–467. https://doi.org/10.1002/osp4.283
  • Crowther, C. A., Hiller, J. E., Moss, J. R., McPhee, A. J., Jeffries, W. S., & Robinson, J. S. (2005). Effect of treatment of gestational diabetes mellitus on pregnancy outcomes. New England journal of medicine, 352(24), 2477-2486.
  • Dalfrà, M. G., Nicolucci, A., Bisson, T., Bonsembiante, B., & Lapolla, A. Q. L. I. S. G. (2012). Quality of life in pregnancy and post-partum: a study in diabetic patients. Quality of Life Research, 21, 291-298.
  • Dickens, L. T., & Thomas, C. C. (2019). Updates in Gestational Diabetes Prevalence, Treatment, and Health Policy. Current diabetes reports, 19(6), 33. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11892-019-1147-0
  • Dong, L., Xiao, R., Cai, C., Xu, Z., Wang, S., Pan, L., & Yuan, L. (2016). Diet, lifestyle and cognitive function in old Chinese adults. Archives of gerontology and geriatrics, 63, 36-42.
  • Gluck, M. E., Ziker, C., Schwegler, M., Thearle, M., Votruba, S. B., & Krakoff, J. (2013). Impaired glucose regulation is associated with poorer performance on the Stroop Task. Physiology & behavior, 122, 113-119.
  • Guicciardi, M., Fadda, D., Fanari, R., Doneddu, A., & Crisafulli, A. (2020). Affective Variables and Cognitive Performances During Exercise in a Group of Adults With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 611558.
  • Harrison, A. L., Shields, N., Taylor, N. F., & Frawley, H. C. (2016). Exercise improves glycaemic control in women diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus: a systematic review. Journal of physiotherapy, 62(4), 188–196. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphys.2016.08.003
  • Hernandez, T. L., Van Pelt, R. E., Anderson, M. A., Reece, M. S., Reynolds, R. M., de la Houssaye, B. A., ... & Barbour, L. A. (2016). Women with gestational diabetes mellitus randomized to a higher–complex carbohydrate/low-fat diet manifest lower adipose tissue insulin resistance, inflammation, glucose, and free fatty acids: a pilot study. Diabetes care, 39(1), 39-42.
  • Horsch, A., Gilbert, L., Lanzi, S., Gross, J., Kayser, B., Vial, Y., ... & Puder, J. J. (2018). Improving cardiometabolic and mental health in women with gestational diabetes mellitus and their offspring: study protocol for MySweetHeart Trial, a randomised controlled trial. BMJ open, 8(2), e020462.
  • Kent P. (2013). The Evolution of the Wechsler Memory Scale: A Selective Review. Applied neuropsychology. Adult, 20(4), 277–291. https://doi.org/10.1080/09084282.2012.689267
  • Keskin, F. E., Ozyazar, M., Pala, A. S., Elmali, A. D., Yilmaz, B., Uygunoglu, U., ... & Hatipoglu, E. (2015). Evaluation of cognitive functions in gestational diabetes mellitus. Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes, 123(04), 246-251.
  • Kim, C., Brawarsky, P., Jackson, R. A., Fuentes-Afflick, E., & Haas, J. S. (2005). Changes in health status experienced by women with gestational diabetes and pregnancy-induced hypertensive disorders. Journal of Women's Health, 14(8), 729-736.
  • Kocyigit, H. (1999). Kisa Form-36 (KF-36)'nm Turkce versiyonunun guvenilirligi ve gecerliligi. Ilaç ve tedavi dergisi, 12, 102-106.
  • Kour, H., Kothiwale, V. A., & Goudar, S. (2015). Effects of two months of structured exercises on executive functions in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: Randomized controlled trial. Int J Clin Exp Physiol, 2(2), 119-123.
  • Kozhimannil, K. B., Pereira, M. A., & Harlow, B. L. (2009). Association between diabetes and perinatal depression among low-income mothers. Jama, 301(8), 842-847.
  • Metzger B. E. (2007). Long-term outcomes in mothers diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus and their offspring. Clinical obstetrics and gynecology, 50(4), 972–979. https://doi.org/10.1097/GRF.0b013e31815a61d6
  • Morris, M. C., Tangney, C. C., Wang, Y., Sacks, F. M., Barnes, L. L., Bennett, D. A., & Aggarwal, N. T. (2015). MIND diet slows cognitive decline with aging. Alzheimer's & dementia, 11(9), 1015-1022.
  • Northey, J. M., Cherbuin, N., Pumpa, K. L., Smee, D. J., & Rattray, B. (2018). Exercise interventions for cognitive function in adults older than 50: a systematic review with meta-analysis. British journal of sports medicine, 52(3), 154-160.
  • Rozenblatt, S. (2011). Stroop Color Word Test (adult). In: Kreutzer, J.S., DeLuca, J., Caplan, B. (eds) Encyclopedia of Clinical Neuropsychology. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-79948-3_660
  • Sahrakorpi, N., Koivusalo, S. B., Stach‐Lempinen, B., Eriksson, J. G., Kautiainen, H., & Roine, R. P. (2017). “The Burden of Pregnancy”; heavier for the heaviest? The changes in Health Related Quality of Life (HRQ oL) assessed by the 15D instrument during pregnancy and postpartum in different body mass index groups: a longitudinal survey. Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica, 96(3), 352-358.
  • Sahrakorpi, N., Rönö, K., Koivusalo, S. B., Stach-Lempinen, B., Eriksson, J. G., & Roine, R. P. (2019). Effect of lifestyle counselling on health-related quality of life in women at high risk for gestational diabetes. European Journal of Public Health, 29(3), 408-412.
  • Sana, S., Deng, X., Guo, L., Wang, X., & Li, E. (2021). Cognitive Dysfunction of Pregnant Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Perinatal Period. Journal of healthcare engineering, 2021, 2302379. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/2302379
  • Selekler, K., CANGÖZ, B., & Sait, U. L. U. Ç. (2010). Power of discrimination of Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MOCA) Scale in Turkish patients with mild cognitive impairement and Alzheimer's disease. Turkish Journal of Geriatrics, 13(3).
  • Smith, P. J., Blumenthal, J. A., Hoffman, B. M., Cooper, H., Strauman, T. A., Welsh-Bohmer, K., ... & Sherwood, A. (2010). Aerobic exercise and neurocognitive performance: a meta-analytic review of randomized controlled trials. Psychosomatic medicine, 72(3), 239.
  • Tander, B., Atmaca, A., Ulus, Y., Tura, Ç., Akyol, Y., & Kuru, Ö. (2016). Balance performance and fear of falling in older patients with diabetics: a comparative study with non-diabetic elderly. Turkish Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation/Turkiye Fiziksel Tip ve Rehabilitasyon Dergisi, 62(4).
  • Taylor N. (2018). Critically Appraised Papers: An aerobic and resistance exercise program can improve glycaemic control in women with gestational diabetes mellitus [synopsis]. Journal of physiotherapy, 64(2), 124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphys.2018.01.004
  • Tekindal, M., & Tekindal, M. A. (2021). Validity and Reliability of Basic Depression Scale For Turkey. Batı Karadeniz Tıp Dergisi, 5(3), 452-463.
  • Watari, K., Letamendi, A., Elderkin-Thompson, V., Haroon, E., Miller, J., Darwin, C., & Kumar, A. (2006). Cognitive function in adults with type 2 diabetes and major depression. Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists, 21(8), 787–796. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acn.2006.06.014
  • Vasile, F. C., Preda, A., Ștefan, A. G., Vladu, M. I., Forțofoiu, M. C., Clenciu, D., Gheorghe, I. O., Forțofoiu, M., & Moța, M. (2021). An Update of Medical Nutrition Therapy in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Journal of diabetes research, 2021, 5266919. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5266919

Year 2024, Volume: 11 Issue: 1, 290 - 310, 30.04.2024

Saadet Turhan Tekin Miray Budak Öykü Altınok

Abstract

References

  • Adeniyi, A. F., Uloko, A. E., & Sani-Suleiman, I. (2010). Relationship Between the 6-minute Walk Test and Correlates of Type 2 Diabetes: Indication for caution in exercise prescription. African Journal of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Sciences, 2(1), 21-24.
  • Allehdan, S. S., Basha, A. S., Asali, F. F., & Tayyem, R. F. (2019). Dietary and exercise interventions and glycemic control and maternal and newborn outcomes in women diagnosed with gestational diabetes: Systematic review. Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews, 13(4), 2775-2784.
  • American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists' Committee on Practice Bulletins—Obstetrics (2018). ACOG Practice Bulletin No. 201: Pregestational Diabetes Mellitus. Obstetrics and gynecology, 132(6), e228–e248. https://doi.org/10.1097/AOG.0000000000002960
  • ATS Committee on Proficiency Standards for Clinical Pulmonary Function Laboratories (2002). ATS statement: guidelines for the six-minute walk test. American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine, 166(1), 111–117. https://doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm.166.1.at1102
  • Brankston, G. N., Mitchell, B. F., Ryan, E. A., & Okun, N. B. (2004). Resistance exercise decreases the need for insulin in overweight women with gestational diabetes mellitus. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology, 190(1), 188-193
  • Brown, J., Alwan, N. A., West, J., Brown, S., McKinlay, C. J., Farrar, D., & Crowther, C. A. (2017). Lifestyle interventions for the treatment of women with gestational diabetes. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, (5).
  • Caracciolo, B., Xu, W., Collins, S., & Fratiglioni, L. (2014). Cognitive decline, dietary factors and gut–brain interactions. Mechanisms of ageing and development, 136, 59-69.
  • Chen, S. M., Shen, F. C., Chen, J. F., Chang, W. D., & Chang, N. J. (2020). Effects of resistance exercise on glycated hemoglobin and functional performance in older patients with comorbid diabetes mellitus and knee osteoarthritis: a randomized trial. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(1), 224.
  • Colberg, S. R., Castorino, K., & Jovanovič, L. (2013). Prescribing physical activity to prevent and manage gestational diabetes. World journal of diabetes, 4(6), 256–262. https://doi.org/10.4239/wjd.v4.i6.256
  • Colberg, S. R., Sigal, R. J., Yardley, J. E., Riddell, M. C., Dunstan, D. W., Dempsey, P. C., Horton, E. S., Castorino, K., & Tate, D. F. (2016). Physical Activity/Exercise and Diabetes: A Position Statement of the American Diabetes Association. Diabetes care, 39(11), 2065–2079. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc16-1728
  • Cremona, A., O'Gorman, C., Cotter, A., Saunders, J., & Donnelly, A. (2018). Effect of exercise modality on markers of insulin sensitivity and blood glucose control in pregnancies complicated with gestational diabetes mellitus: a systematic review. Obesity science & practice, 4(5), 455–467. https://doi.org/10.1002/osp4.283
  • Crowther, C. A., Hiller, J. E., Moss, J. R., McPhee, A. J., Jeffries, W. S., & Robinson, J. S. (2005). Effect of treatment of gestational diabetes mellitus on pregnancy outcomes. New England journal of medicine, 352(24), 2477-2486.
  • Dalfrà, M. G., Nicolucci, A., Bisson, T., Bonsembiante, B., & Lapolla, A. Q. L. I. S. G. (2012). Quality of life in pregnancy and post-partum: a study in diabetic patients. Quality of Life Research, 21, 291-298.
  • Dickens, L. T., & Thomas, C. C. (2019). Updates in Gestational Diabetes Prevalence, Treatment, and Health Policy. Current diabetes reports, 19(6), 33. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11892-019-1147-0
  • Dong, L., Xiao, R., Cai, C., Xu, Z., Wang, S., Pan, L., & Yuan, L. (2016). Diet, lifestyle and cognitive function in old Chinese adults. Archives of gerontology and geriatrics, 63, 36-42.
  • Gluck, M. E., Ziker, C., Schwegler, M., Thearle, M., Votruba, S. B., & Krakoff, J. (2013). Impaired glucose regulation is associated with poorer performance on the Stroop Task. Physiology & behavior, 122, 113-119.
  • Guicciardi, M., Fadda, D., Fanari, R., Doneddu, A., & Crisafulli, A. (2020). Affective Variables and Cognitive Performances During Exercise in a Group of Adults With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 611558.
  • Harrison, A. L., Shields, N., Taylor, N. F., & Frawley, H. C. (2016). Exercise improves glycaemic control in women diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus: a systematic review. Journal of physiotherapy, 62(4), 188–196. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphys.2016.08.003
  • Hernandez, T. L., Van Pelt, R. E., Anderson, M. A., Reece, M. S., Reynolds, R. M., de la Houssaye, B. A., ... & Barbour, L. A. (2016). Women with gestational diabetes mellitus randomized to a higher–complex carbohydrate/low-fat diet manifest lower adipose tissue insulin resistance, inflammation, glucose, and free fatty acids: a pilot study. Diabetes care, 39(1), 39-42.
  • Horsch, A., Gilbert, L., Lanzi, S., Gross, J., Kayser, B., Vial, Y., ... & Puder, J. J. (2018). Improving cardiometabolic and mental health in women with gestational diabetes mellitus and their offspring: study protocol for MySweetHeart Trial, a randomised controlled trial. BMJ open, 8(2), e020462.
  • Kent P. (2013). The Evolution of the Wechsler Memory Scale: A Selective Review. Applied neuropsychology. Adult, 20(4), 277–291. https://doi.org/10.1080/09084282.2012.689267
  • Keskin, F. E., Ozyazar, M., Pala, A. S., Elmali, A. D., Yilmaz, B., Uygunoglu, U., ... & Hatipoglu, E. (2015). Evaluation of cognitive functions in gestational diabetes mellitus. Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes, 123(04), 246-251.
  • Kim, C., Brawarsky, P., Jackson, R. A., Fuentes-Afflick, E., & Haas, J. S. (2005). Changes in health status experienced by women with gestational diabetes and pregnancy-induced hypertensive disorders. Journal of Women's Health, 14(8), 729-736.
  • Kocyigit, H. (1999). Kisa Form-36 (KF-36)'nm Turkce versiyonunun guvenilirligi ve gecerliligi. Ilaç ve tedavi dergisi, 12, 102-106.
  • Kour, H., Kothiwale, V. A., & Goudar, S. (2015). Effects of two months of structured exercises on executive functions in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: Randomized controlled trial. Int J Clin Exp Physiol, 2(2), 119-123.
  • Kozhimannil, K. B., Pereira, M. A., & Harlow, B. L. (2009). Association between diabetes and perinatal depression among low-income mothers. Jama, 301(8), 842-847.
  • Metzger B. E. (2007). Long-term outcomes in mothers diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus and their offspring. Clinical obstetrics and gynecology, 50(4), 972–979. https://doi.org/10.1097/GRF.0b013e31815a61d6
  • Morris, M. C., Tangney, C. C., Wang, Y., Sacks, F. M., Barnes, L. L., Bennett, D. A., & Aggarwal, N. T. (2015). MIND diet slows cognitive decline with aging. Alzheimer's & dementia, 11(9), 1015-1022.
  • Northey, J. M., Cherbuin, N., Pumpa, K. L., Smee, D. J., & Rattray, B. (2018). Exercise interventions for cognitive function in adults older than 50: a systematic review with meta-analysis. British journal of sports medicine, 52(3), 154-160.
  • Rozenblatt, S. (2011). Stroop Color Word Test (adult). In: Kreutzer, J.S., DeLuca, J., Caplan, B. (eds) Encyclopedia of Clinical Neuropsychology. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-79948-3_660
  • Sahrakorpi, N., Koivusalo, S. B., Stach‐Lempinen, B., Eriksson, J. G., Kautiainen, H., & Roine, R. P. (2017). “The Burden of Pregnancy”; heavier for the heaviest? The changes in Health Related Quality of Life (HRQ oL) assessed by the 15D instrument during pregnancy and postpartum in different body mass index groups: a longitudinal survey. Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica, 96(3), 352-358.
  • Sahrakorpi, N., Rönö, K., Koivusalo, S. B., Stach-Lempinen, B., Eriksson, J. G., & Roine, R. P. (2019). Effect of lifestyle counselling on health-related quality of life in women at high risk for gestational diabetes. European Journal of Public Health, 29(3), 408-412.
  • Sana, S., Deng, X., Guo, L., Wang, X., & Li, E. (2021). Cognitive Dysfunction of Pregnant Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Perinatal Period. Journal of healthcare engineering, 2021, 2302379. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/2302379
  • Selekler, K., CANGÖZ, B., & Sait, U. L. U. Ç. (2010). Power of discrimination of Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MOCA) Scale in Turkish patients with mild cognitive impairement and Alzheimer's disease. Turkish Journal of Geriatrics, 13(3).
  • Smith, P. J., Blumenthal, J. A., Hoffman, B. M., Cooper, H., Strauman, T. A., Welsh-Bohmer, K., ... & Sherwood, A. (2010). Aerobic exercise and neurocognitive performance: a meta-analytic review of randomized controlled trials. Psychosomatic medicine, 72(3), 239.
  • Tander, B., Atmaca, A., Ulus, Y., Tura, Ç., Akyol, Y., & Kuru, Ö. (2016). Balance performance and fear of falling in older patients with diabetics: a comparative study with non-diabetic elderly. Turkish Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation/Turkiye Fiziksel Tip ve Rehabilitasyon Dergisi, 62(4).
  • Taylor N. (2018). Critically Appraised Papers: An aerobic and resistance exercise program can improve glycaemic control in women with gestational diabetes mellitus [synopsis]. Journal of physiotherapy, 64(2), 124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphys.2018.01.004
  • Tekindal, M., & Tekindal, M. A. (2021). Validity and Reliability of Basic Depression Scale For Turkey. Batı Karadeniz Tıp Dergisi, 5(3), 452-463.
  • Watari, K., Letamendi, A., Elderkin-Thompson, V., Haroon, E., Miller, J., Darwin, C., & Kumar, A. (2006). Cognitive function in adults with type 2 diabetes and major depression. Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists, 21(8), 787–796. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acn.2006.06.014
  • Vasile, F. C., Preda, A., Ștefan, A. G., Vladu, M. I., Forțofoiu, M. C., Clenciu, D., Gheorghe, I. O., Forțofoiu, M., & Moța, M. (2021). An Update of Medical Nutrition Therapy in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Journal of diabetes research, 2021, 5266919. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5266919
There are 40 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Physiotherapy
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Saadet Turhan Tekin 0000-0003-0228-0432

Miray Budak 0000-0003-0552-8464

Öykü Altınok 0000-0003-0507-7122

Early Pub Date April 30, 2024
Publication Date April 30, 2024
Submission Date September 23, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 11 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Turhan Tekin, S., Budak, M., & Altınok, Ö. (2024). Effects of Circuit Exercise Program on Cognitive Function, Functional Exercise Capacity, Mobility, Depression, and Quality of Life in Women with Gestational Diabetes. Hacettepe University Faculty of Health Sciences Journal, 11(1), 290-310. https://doi.org/10.21020/husbfd.1365060
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