Abstract
Amaç: Sakrokoksigeal anatomi ve morfometrinin asemptomatik erişkin
bireylerde alt abdomen manyetik rezonans (MR) görüntüleriyle değerlendirilmesi
Materyal ve
Metot: Radyoloji kliniğinde
koksidini dışındaki nedenlerle alt abdomen MR incelemesi yapılmış erişkin 216
hastanın görüntüleri retrospektif olarak değerlendirildi. Bu değerlendirmede
koksiks (Co) kalınlığı (Co1 orta kesimden), sakrokoksigeal açı, vertebralar
arasında füzyon varlığı, koksiksteki vertebra sayısı, sakrokoksigeal eklem
açısı, interkoksigeal eklem açısı, koksiks tipi, subluksasyon varlığı, koksiks
düz uzunluğu, koksiks eğrisel uzunluğu, sakrum düz uzunluğu, sakrum eğrisel
uzunluğu, sakrokoksigeal düz uzunluk, sakrokoksigeal eğrisel uzunluk, sakral
açı, koksiks kurvatur indeks, sakrum kurvatur indeks, sakrokoksigeal kurvatur
indeks ölçüldü.
Bulgular: Koksiksteki ortalama vertebra sayısı kadınlarda 3,5±0,75, erkeklerde
3,8±0,78 idi. Ortalama koksiks kalınlığı kadınlarda 7,3±1,4 mm erkeklerde
8,4±1,8 mm idi. Vakaların 59 unda (%27,3) subluksasyon izlenirken, 157 (%72,7)
sinde subluksasyon saptanmadı. Koksiksin ortalama düz uzunluğu kadınlarda
35,4±6,6 mm, erkeklerde 38,9±8,7 mm olarak ölçüldü. Koksiks eğrisel uzunluğu
ise kadınlarda37,5±7,2 mm, erkeklerde 41,7±91 mm idi. Kadın ve erkeklerde en
yaygın koksiks tipi 98 (%45,4) kişi ile tip 2 koksiksti. Sakrokoksigeal açı
kadınlarda 109±15 derece iken erkeklerde 113±13 derece olarak ölçüldü.
Sonuç: Asemptomatik bireylerdeki koksiks vertebra anatomisinin bilinmesi
koksidinideki gereksiz cerrahi girişimleri önleyebilir. Ayrıca koksidinili
hastaları da içeren daha geniş kapsamlı çalışmalara ihtiyaç olduğunu
düşünüyoruz.
Anahtar
Kelimeler: Koksiks anatomisi,
manyetik rezonans görüntüleme, sakrokoksigeal açı, koksigeal açı
Supporting Institution
YOK
References
- 1. Duncan G. 1937. Painful coccyx. Arch Surg 34:1088–1104.
- 2. Karadimas EJ, Trypsiannis G, Giannoudis PV (2010) Surgical treatment of coccygodynia: an analytic review of the literature. Eur Spine J 20:698–705
- 3. Kerimoglu U, Dagoglu MG, Ergen FB. Intercoccygeal angle and type of coccyx in asymptomatic patients. Surg Radiol Anat 2007;29:683-7.
- 4. Le Double A. 1912. Traite´ des variations de la colonne verte´brale de l’homme. Paris: Vigot fre`res. p 501.
- 5. Lowrance EW, Latimer HB. 1967. Weights and variability of components of the human vertebral column. Anat Rec 159:83–88.
- 6. Pelin C, Duyar I, Kayahan EM, Zagyapan R, Agildere AM, Erar A. 2005. Body height estimation based on dimensions of sacral and coccygeal vertebrae. J Forensic Sci 50:294–297.
- 7. Postacchini F, Massobrio M. 1983. Idiopathic coccygodynia. Analysis of fifty-one operative cases and a radiographic study of the normal coccyx. J Bone Joint Surg Am 65:1116–1124.
- 8. Postacchini F, Massobrio M. Idiopathic coccygodynia: Analysis of fifty-one operative cases and a radiographic study of the normal coccyx. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1983;65:1116-24.
- 9. Przybylski P, Pankowicz M, Bockowska A, et al. Eval¬uation of coccygeal bone variability, intercoccygeal and lumbo-sacral angles in asymptomatic patients in multislice computed tomography. Anat Sci Int 2013;88:204-11.
- 10. Shalaby SA, Eid EM, Allam OA, Ali AM, Gebba MA. Morphometric study of the normal Egyptian coccyx from (age 1-40 year). Int J Clin Dev Anat 2015;1:32-41.
- 11. Standring S. Gray’s anatomy: the anatomical basis of clinical practice, 41th ed. Churchill Livingstone; 2015. p. 729:
- 12. Sugar O. Coccyx: The bone named for a bird. Spine 1995;20:379-83.
- 13. Tetiker H, Koşar MI, Çullu N, Canbek U, Otağ I, Taştemur Y. MRI-based detailed evaluation of the anatomy of the human coccyx among Turkish adults. Niger J Clin Pract. 2017 Feb;20(2):136-142.
- 14. Woon JT, Perumal V, Maigne JY, Stringer MD. CT morphology and morphometry of the normal adult coccyx. Eur Spine J 2013;22:863-70.
- 15. Woon JT, Stringer MD. Clinical anatomy of the coc¬cyx: a systematic review. Clin Anat 2012;25:158-67.
- 16. Woon JTK, Stringer MD (2012) Clinical anatomy of the coccyx:a systematic review. Clin Anat 25:158–167
Abstract
Background: To evaluate the
sacrococcygeal anatomy and morphometry with lower abdomen magnetic resonance
(MR) images in asymptomatic adult subjects
Methods: We retrospectively
reviewed the images of 216 adult patients who underwent MR imaging of the lower
abdomen for reasons other than coccydynia in the radiology clinic. In this
evaluation, coccyx (Co) thickness (from Co1 middle section), sacrococcygeal
angle, fusion between vertebrates, number of coccygeal vertebrae,
sacrococcygeal joint angle, intercocsigeal joint angle, coccyx type, presence
of subluxation, coccyx flat length, coccyx curvature length, sacrum flat
length, sacrum curvature length, sacrococcygeal flat length,
sacrococcygeal
curvature length, sacral angle, coccyx curvature index, sacrum curvature index,
sacrococcygeal curvature index were measured.
Results: The mean number of
coccyx vertebrae was 3.5 ± 0.75 in females and 3.8 ± 0.78 in males. The mean
coccyx thickness was 7.3 ±1.4 mm in females and 8.4±1.8 in males. Subluxation
was determined in 59 (27.3%) cases, and not in 157(72.7%) cases. The mean
length of the coccyx was 35.4±6.6 mm in females and 38.9±8.7 mm in males. The
mean length of the coccyx curvature was 37.5±7.2 mm in females and 41.7±9.1 mm
in males.
The most common
coccyx type in both males and females was type II coccyx in 98 (45.4%)
patients. The sacrococcygeal angle was 109±15 degrees in females and 113±13 in
males.
Conclusion: Knowledge of the
vertebrae anatomy of asymptomatic patients may prevent unnecessary surgery in
coccydynia. Wide ranges of similar studies are needed to be done with patients
with coccydynia.
Keywords: coccyx anatomy,
magnetic resonance imaging, sacrococcygeal angle, coccygeal angle
References
- 1. Duncan G. 1937. Painful coccyx. Arch Surg 34:1088–1104.
- 2. Karadimas EJ, Trypsiannis G, Giannoudis PV (2010) Surgical treatment of coccygodynia: an analytic review of the literature. Eur Spine J 20:698–705
- 3. Kerimoglu U, Dagoglu MG, Ergen FB. Intercoccygeal angle and type of coccyx in asymptomatic patients. Surg Radiol Anat 2007;29:683-7.
- 4. Le Double A. 1912. Traite´ des variations de la colonne verte´brale de l’homme. Paris: Vigot fre`res. p 501.
- 5. Lowrance EW, Latimer HB. 1967. Weights and variability of components of the human vertebral column. Anat Rec 159:83–88.
- 6. Pelin C, Duyar I, Kayahan EM, Zagyapan R, Agildere AM, Erar A. 2005. Body height estimation based on dimensions of sacral and coccygeal vertebrae. J Forensic Sci 50:294–297.
- 7. Postacchini F, Massobrio M. 1983. Idiopathic coccygodynia. Analysis of fifty-one operative cases and a radiographic study of the normal coccyx. J Bone Joint Surg Am 65:1116–1124.
- 8. Postacchini F, Massobrio M. Idiopathic coccygodynia: Analysis of fifty-one operative cases and a radiographic study of the normal coccyx. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1983;65:1116-24.
- 9. Przybylski P, Pankowicz M, Bockowska A, et al. Eval¬uation of coccygeal bone variability, intercoccygeal and lumbo-sacral angles in asymptomatic patients in multislice computed tomography. Anat Sci Int 2013;88:204-11.
- 10. Shalaby SA, Eid EM, Allam OA, Ali AM, Gebba MA. Morphometric study of the normal Egyptian coccyx from (age 1-40 year). Int J Clin Dev Anat 2015;1:32-41.
- 11. Standring S. Gray’s anatomy: the anatomical basis of clinical practice, 41th ed. Churchill Livingstone; 2015. p. 729:
- 12. Sugar O. Coccyx: The bone named for a bird. Spine 1995;20:379-83.
- 13. Tetiker H, Koşar MI, Çullu N, Canbek U, Otağ I, Taştemur Y. MRI-based detailed evaluation of the anatomy of the human coccyx among Turkish adults. Niger J Clin Pract. 2017 Feb;20(2):136-142.
- 14. Woon JT, Perumal V, Maigne JY, Stringer MD. CT morphology and morphometry of the normal adult coccyx. Eur Spine J 2013;22:863-70.
- 15. Woon JT, Stringer MD. Clinical anatomy of the coc¬cyx: a systematic review. Clin Anat 2012;25:158-67.
- 16. Woon JTK, Stringer MD (2012) Clinical anatomy of the coccyx:a systematic review. Clin Anat 25:158–167
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Clinical Sciences |
| Journal Section | Research Article |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | August 29, 2019 |
| Submission Date | July 25, 2019 |
| Acceptance Date | August 2, 2019 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2019 Volume: 16 Issue: 2 |
Cited By
Harran Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi / Journal of Harran University Medical Faculty