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Pes Planus Düzeyinin Dorsi ve Plantar Fleksör Kas Kuvveti ile Gastroknemius ve Hamstring Kas Esnekliğine Etkileri

Year 2024, Issue: 22, 97 - 111, 30.04.2024

Onur Aydoğdu Yağmur Özçelik Gizem Güneş Melda Çetin Javad Hassanzadeh Bakhshkandi Zübeyir Sarı

https://doi.org/10.38079/igusabder.1336778

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışmada pes planus düzeyinin dorsi ve plantar fleksör kas kuvveti ile gastroknemius ve hamstring kas esnekliğine etkilerinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır.
Yöntem: Çalışmaya alınan her bireyin yaş, boy, ağırlık, beden kütle indeksi gibi demografik özellikleri kaydedildi. Katılımcıların Pes Planus derecelerinin değerlendirilmesinde "Feiss Çizgisi" yöntemi, rijit veya esnek pes planus sınıflandırması için de "Jack’in Parmak Kaldırma Testi" kullanıldı. Hamstring kas kısalığı "Aktif Diz Ekstansiyon Testi" ile, Gastroknemius kas kısalığı "ayak bileği dorsi fleksiyonunun gonyometrik ölçümü" ile değerlendirildi. Dorsi ve plantar fleksiyon kas kuvveti "El Dinamometresi" kullanılarak ölçüldü.
Bulgular: Araştırmaya katılan 37 pes planuslu katılımcının (20 kadın, 17 erkek) yaş ortalaması 31,03±9,62 yıldı. Katılımcıların 35'i sağ dominant ekstremiteye sahipken, 2'si sol dominant ekstremiteye sahipti. Feiss Çizgisi yöntemine göre sol ayak için katılımcıların %48,6’sı 1. Derece (18 kişi), %32,4’ü 2. Derece (12 kişi) ve %13,5’i ise 3. Derece (5 kişi) pes planusa sahipken, %5,4'ünde pes planus (2 kişi) bulunmuyordu. Sol alt ekstremite için yapılan analizlere göre, ayak pes planus derecelerine ve esnek/rijit pes planus durumlarına göre; hamstring ve gastroknemius kas kısalığı ile dorsi ve plantar fleksör kas kuvveti değerlerinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark bulunmamıştır (p>0,05). Sol alt ekstremitede Jack'in Parmak Kaldırma testine göre katılımcıların %73,0'ü esnek (27 kişi), %21,6’sı rijit (8 kişi) pes planusa sahipken, %5,4'ünde ise (2 kişi) pes planus deformitesi bulunmuyordu. Sağ ayak için yapılan analizde sol ayaktan farklı olarak esnek/rijit pes planus durumuna göre hamstring kas kısalığı değerlerinde anlamlı bir farklılık saptanmıştır (p<0,05). Bu sonuç, esnek pes planus durumuna göre, hamstring kas kısalığının rijit pes planus durumunda daha fazla olduğunu göstermektedir.
Sonuç: Çalışma sonuçlarına göre, sağ alt ekstremitede rijit pes planusa sahip bireylerin, esnek pes planusa sahip bireylere göre, hamstring kas kısalık düzeyleri anlamlı şekilde daha fazlaydı, fakat her iki alt ekstremitede de pes planus derecelerine göre kas kısalıkları ile kas kuvveti değerleri açısından anlamlı fark bulunmamıştır.

Keywords

Pes planus hamstring feiss çizgisi esneklik Jack’s test

References

  • 1. Turan C, Bayram GA. Karbon tabanlık kullanımının pes planus ve pes kavusu olan bireylerde ayak plantar basınç dağılımına etkisi. Türk Fizyoterapi ve Rehabilitasyon Dergisi. 2022;33(2):81-88.
  • 2. Ünver B, Keklik SS, Yıldırım T, Bek N. Pes planusun distal ve proksimal alt ekstremite biyomekanik parametreleri ve bel ağrısı üzerine etkilerinin incelenmesi. Türk Fizyoterapi ve Rehabilitasyon Dergisi. 2019;30(2):119-125.
  • 3. Choi JH, Cynn HS, Yi CH, Yoon TL, Baik SM. Effect of isometric hip abduction on foot and ankle muscle activity and medial longitudinal arch during short-foot exercise in individuals with pes planus. J Sport Rehabil. 2020;30(3):368-374.
  • 4. Huang YP, Peng HT, Wang X, Chen ZR, Song CY. The arch support insoles show benefits to people with flatfoot on stance time, cadence, plantar pressure and contact area. PLoS One. 2020;15(8):e0237382.
  • 5. Cheng KW, Peng Y, Chen TL, et al. A Three-dimensional printed foot orthosis for flexible flatfoot: An exploratory biomechanical study on arch support reinforcement and undercut. Materials (Basel). 2021;14(18):5297.
  • 6. Şahin FN, Ceylan L, Küçük H, et al. Examining the relationship between pes planus degree, balance and jump performances in athletes. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;15;19(18):11602.
  • 7. Raj MA, Tafti D, Kiel J. Pes Planus. 2023 May 23. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2023 Jan–. PMID: 28613553.
  • 8. Kızılcı H, Erbahçeci F. Pes planus olan ve olmayan erkeklerde fiziksel uygunluğun değerlendirilmesi. Fizyoterapi Rehabilitasyon. 2016;8;27(2):25-33.
  • 9. Dars S, Uden H, Banwell HA, Kumar S. The effectiveness of non-surgical intervention (Foot Orthoses) for paediatric flexible pes planus: A systematic review: Update. PLoS One. 2018;13(2):e0193060.
  • 10. Büyükturan Ö, Büyükturan B, Karartı C. Sağlıklı genç yetişkinlerde pes planus ile ağrı, hipermobilite ve denge arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. FÜ Sağ Bil Tıp Derg. 2017;31(1):33-7.
  • 11. Aenumulapalli A, Kulkarni MM, Gandotra AR. Prevalence of flexible flat foot in adults: A cross-sectional study. J Clin Diagn Res. 2017;11(6):AC17-AC20.
  • 12. Jafarnezhadgero AA, Fatollahi A, Granacher U. Eight weeks of exercising on sand has positive effects on biomechanics of walking and muscle activities in ındividuals with pronated feet: A randomized double-blinded controlled trial. Sports (Basel). 2022;10(5):70.
  • 13. Reimers J. Henvisningsmønster, diagnoser samt forekomst af korte muskler hos børn og unge i en ortopaedisk speciallaegepraksis [Referral pattern, diagnoses and occurrence of short muscles in children and adolescents in an orthopedic specialist practice]. Ugeskr Laeger. 1990;152(35):2494-2497.
  • 14. Lee JH, Shin KH, Jung TS, Jang WY. Lower extremity muscle performance and foot pressure in patients who have plantar fasciitis with and without flat foot posture. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;20(1):87.
  • 15. Um GM, Wang JS, Park SE. An analysis on muscle tone of lower limb muscles on flexible flat foot. J Phys Ther Sci. 2015;27(10):3089-3092.
  • 16. Kanatlı U, Aktas E, Yetkin H. Do corrective shoes improve the development of the medial longitudinal arch in children with flexible flat feet? J Orthop Sci. 2016;21(5):662-666.
  • 17. Yıldırım Şahan T, Aydoğan Arslan S, Demirci C, Oktaş B, Sertel M. Comparison of short-term effects of virtual reality and short foot exercises in pes planus. Foot (Edinb). 2021;47:101778.
  • 18. Corkery M, Briscoe H, Ciccone N, et al. Establishing normal values for lower extremity muscle length in college-age students. Physical Therapy in Sport. 2007;8(2):66-74.
  • 19. Neto T, Jacobsohn L, Carita AI, Oliveira R. Reliability of the active-knee-extension and straight-leg-raise tests in subjects with flexibility deficits. J Sport Rehabil. 2015;24(4):2014-0220.
  • 20. Buckinx F, Croisier JL, Reginster JY, et al. Reliability of muscle strength measures obtained with a hand-held dynamometer in an elderly population. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging. 2017;37(3):332-340.
  • 21. Albin SR, Koppenhaver SL, MacDonald CW, et al. The effect of dry needling on gastrocnemius muscle stiffness and strength in participants with latent trigger points. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2020;55:102479.
  • 22. Stratton SJ. Population research: convenience sampling strategies. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2021;36(4):373-4.
  • 23. Kim JS, Lee MY. The effect of short foot exercise using visual feedback on the balance and accuracy of knee joint movement in subjects with flexible flatfoot. Medicine (Baltimore). 2020;99(13):e19260.
  • 24. Park SY, Bang HS, Park DJ. Potential for foot dysfunction and plantar fasciitis according to the shape of the foot arch in young adults. J Exerc Rehabil. 2018;14(3):497-502.

Effects of Pes Planus Level on Dorsi and Plantar Flexor Muscle Strength and Gastrocnemius and Hamstring Muscle Flexibility

Year 2024, Issue: 22, 97 - 111, 30.04.2024

Onur Aydoğdu Yağmur Özçelik Gizem Güneş Melda Çetin Javad Hassanzadeh Bakhshkandi Zübeyir Sarı

https://doi.org/10.38079/igusabder.1336778

Abstract

Aim: This study aimed to investigate the impact of pes planus level on dorsiflexor and plantar flexor muscle strength, as well as gastrocnemius and hamstring muscle flexibility.
Method: Demographic data, including age, height, weight, and body mass index (BMI) were recorded for each participant. While the degree of pes planus was evaluated using "Feiss Line Method", "Jack's Finger Lifting Test" was used for the classification of rigid or flexible pes planus. Hamstring muscle tightness was assessed through the "Active Knee Extension Test", while gastrocnemius muscle tightness was measured using goniometric ankle dorsiflexion. Dorsi- and plantar flexor muscle strengths were assessed using a hand dynamometer.
Results: The mean age of 37 participants with pes planus (20 females, 17 males) participating in the study was 31.03±9.62. Among them, 35 participants had a dominant right extremity, while 2 had a dominant left extremity. According to the Feiss Line Method for the left foot, while 48.6% (18 subjects), 32.4% (12 subjects), and 13.5 (5 subjects) of participants had 1st-grade, 2nd-grade, and 3rd-grade pes planus respectively, there were 2 subjects (5.4%) without pes planus deformity in the left foot. No significant differences were found in the values of hamstring & gastrocnemius muscle flexibility and dorsi- & plantar-flexor muscle strength according to the grades of pes planus and the presence of flexible or rigid pes planus for the left foot (p>0.05). According to Jack's Finger Lifting Test, while 73% (27 subjects) and %21.6 (8 subjects) of the participants had flexible and rigid pes planus respectively, %5.4 (2 subjects) of the participants did not have pes planus deformity in the left foot. Conversely, there was a significant difference in terms of hamstring muscle flexibility according to the flexible/rigid pes planus in the right foot (p<0.05). This finding demonstrates that hamstring muscle shortness/tightness is greater in the rigid pes planus than flexible pes planus for the right foot.
Conclusion: The study findings revealed that individuals with rigid pes planus had more shortness/tightness in hamstring muscles compared to those with flexible pes planus for the right lower extremity. However, there were no significant differences in terms of muscle tightness and muscle strength according to the grades of pes planus for both lower extremities.

Keywords

Pes planus hamstring feiss line flexibility Jack’s test

References

  • 1. Turan C, Bayram GA. Karbon tabanlık kullanımının pes planus ve pes kavusu olan bireylerde ayak plantar basınç dağılımına etkisi. Türk Fizyoterapi ve Rehabilitasyon Dergisi. 2022;33(2):81-88.
  • 2. Ünver B, Keklik SS, Yıldırım T, Bek N. Pes planusun distal ve proksimal alt ekstremite biyomekanik parametreleri ve bel ağrısı üzerine etkilerinin incelenmesi. Türk Fizyoterapi ve Rehabilitasyon Dergisi. 2019;30(2):119-125.
  • 3. Choi JH, Cynn HS, Yi CH, Yoon TL, Baik SM. Effect of isometric hip abduction on foot and ankle muscle activity and medial longitudinal arch during short-foot exercise in individuals with pes planus. J Sport Rehabil. 2020;30(3):368-374.
  • 4. Huang YP, Peng HT, Wang X, Chen ZR, Song CY. The arch support insoles show benefits to people with flatfoot on stance time, cadence, plantar pressure and contact area. PLoS One. 2020;15(8):e0237382.
  • 5. Cheng KW, Peng Y, Chen TL, et al. A Three-dimensional printed foot orthosis for flexible flatfoot: An exploratory biomechanical study on arch support reinforcement and undercut. Materials (Basel). 2021;14(18):5297.
  • 6. Şahin FN, Ceylan L, Küçük H, et al. Examining the relationship between pes planus degree, balance and jump performances in athletes. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;15;19(18):11602.
  • 7. Raj MA, Tafti D, Kiel J. Pes Planus. 2023 May 23. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2023 Jan–. PMID: 28613553.
  • 8. Kızılcı H, Erbahçeci F. Pes planus olan ve olmayan erkeklerde fiziksel uygunluğun değerlendirilmesi. Fizyoterapi Rehabilitasyon. 2016;8;27(2):25-33.
  • 9. Dars S, Uden H, Banwell HA, Kumar S. The effectiveness of non-surgical intervention (Foot Orthoses) for paediatric flexible pes planus: A systematic review: Update. PLoS One. 2018;13(2):e0193060.
  • 10. Büyükturan Ö, Büyükturan B, Karartı C. Sağlıklı genç yetişkinlerde pes planus ile ağrı, hipermobilite ve denge arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. FÜ Sağ Bil Tıp Derg. 2017;31(1):33-7.
  • 11. Aenumulapalli A, Kulkarni MM, Gandotra AR. Prevalence of flexible flat foot in adults: A cross-sectional study. J Clin Diagn Res. 2017;11(6):AC17-AC20.
  • 12. Jafarnezhadgero AA, Fatollahi A, Granacher U. Eight weeks of exercising on sand has positive effects on biomechanics of walking and muscle activities in ındividuals with pronated feet: A randomized double-blinded controlled trial. Sports (Basel). 2022;10(5):70.
  • 13. Reimers J. Henvisningsmønster, diagnoser samt forekomst af korte muskler hos børn og unge i en ortopaedisk speciallaegepraksis [Referral pattern, diagnoses and occurrence of short muscles in children and adolescents in an orthopedic specialist practice]. Ugeskr Laeger. 1990;152(35):2494-2497.
  • 14. Lee JH, Shin KH, Jung TS, Jang WY. Lower extremity muscle performance and foot pressure in patients who have plantar fasciitis with and without flat foot posture. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;20(1):87.
  • 15. Um GM, Wang JS, Park SE. An analysis on muscle tone of lower limb muscles on flexible flat foot. J Phys Ther Sci. 2015;27(10):3089-3092.
  • 16. Kanatlı U, Aktas E, Yetkin H. Do corrective shoes improve the development of the medial longitudinal arch in children with flexible flat feet? J Orthop Sci. 2016;21(5):662-666.
  • 17. Yıldırım Şahan T, Aydoğan Arslan S, Demirci C, Oktaş B, Sertel M. Comparison of short-term effects of virtual reality and short foot exercises in pes planus. Foot (Edinb). 2021;47:101778.
  • 18. Corkery M, Briscoe H, Ciccone N, et al. Establishing normal values for lower extremity muscle length in college-age students. Physical Therapy in Sport. 2007;8(2):66-74.
  • 19. Neto T, Jacobsohn L, Carita AI, Oliveira R. Reliability of the active-knee-extension and straight-leg-raise tests in subjects with flexibility deficits. J Sport Rehabil. 2015;24(4):2014-0220.
  • 20. Buckinx F, Croisier JL, Reginster JY, et al. Reliability of muscle strength measures obtained with a hand-held dynamometer in an elderly population. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging. 2017;37(3):332-340.
  • 21. Albin SR, Koppenhaver SL, MacDonald CW, et al. The effect of dry needling on gastrocnemius muscle stiffness and strength in participants with latent trigger points. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2020;55:102479.
  • 22. Stratton SJ. Population research: convenience sampling strategies. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2021;36(4):373-4.
  • 23. Kim JS, Lee MY. The effect of short foot exercise using visual feedback on the balance and accuracy of knee joint movement in subjects with flexible flatfoot. Medicine (Baltimore). 2020;99(13):e19260.
  • 24. Park SY, Bang HS, Park DJ. Potential for foot dysfunction and plantar fasciitis according to the shape of the foot arch in young adults. J Exerc Rehabil. 2018;14(3):497-502.
There are 24 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Physiotherapy
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Onur Aydoğdu 0000-0001-6438-6713

Yağmur Özçelik 0000-0003-0480-6039

Gizem Güneş 0009-0006-6122-9847

Melda Çetin 0009-0002-8736-0879

Javad Hassanzadeh Bakhshkandi 0000-0001-5244-1631

Zübeyir Sarı 0000-0003-1643-5415

Early Pub Date April 27, 2024
Publication Date April 30, 2024
Acceptance Date February 29, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Issue: 22

Cite

JAMA Aydoğdu O, Özçelik Y, Güneş G, Çetin M, Hassanzadeh Bakhshkandi J, Sarı Z. Pes Planus Düzeyinin Dorsi ve Plantar Fleksör Kas Kuvveti ile Gastroknemius ve Hamstring Kas Esnekliğine Etkileri. IGUSABDER. 2024;:97–111.
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