Research Article
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Nordic Walking - The Effectiveness of a New Form of Exercise in Adults After COVID-19 Infection: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Year 2023, Volume: 6 Issue: 2, 181 - 192, 27.06.2023
https://doi.org/10.33438/ijdshs.1262512

Abstract

The purpose of present study was investigating the effectivenes of Nordic walking exercise (NWE) on physical activity level, physical fitness level, dyspnea, fatigue, functional status, depression and life quality after COVID-19 undergoing home isolation.Thirty subjects were randomly assigned in NWE (n=15) and control group (n=15). NWE group performed NWE 3 days a week for 6 weeks. The control group was not given any exercise. For physical fitness level, upper-lower extremity muscular endurance (arm curl test- chair sit and stand test), lower aerobic (two minutes step test) and cardiopulmonary endurance (six minute walk test), flexibility (back scratch and sit and reach test), balance (time up and go test) was assessed. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form (IPAQ-SF) was used to evaulate physical activity level. The anxiety-depression level was determined by Beck Depression Questionnaire. The dyspnea with Modified Medical Research Council (mMRC), functional status with Post-COVID-19 Functional Status Scale (PCFS), fatigue with Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) and quality of life with Nottingham Health Profile (NHP) were determined. In NWE group, significant improvements were observed in upper-lower muscular extremity, lower aerobic, cardiopulmonary endurance, balance, mMRC, FSS, NHP energy, emotional reactions, sleep and total scores (p<0.05). Upper-lower muscular extremity, lower aerobic, cardiopulmonary endurance, balance, PCFS, IPAQ-SF walking and NHP energy scores were statistically different between groups in favor of NWE group (p< 0.05). NWE can be recommended physical activity program to improve physical health and functional status after COVID-19.

Supporting Institution

Başkent University

Project Number

KA22/355

References

  • Acar, M., Yarımkaya, NS., Tekindal, MA. (2022). The Effect of Nordic Walking Exercise Training on Physical Fitness, Physical Activity Level, Anxiety-Depression and Quality of Life in Smokers: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Batı Karadeniz Medicine Journal, 6(3), 385-393. doi:10.29058/mjwbs.1132188.
  • Ahmadi Hekmatikar, AH., Ferreira Júnior, JB., Shahrbanian, S., Suzuki, K. (2022). Functional and Psychological changes after exercise training in post-COVID-19 patients discharged from the hospital: A PRISMA-Compliant Systematic Review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(4), 2290. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19042290.
  • Akalın, S., Özgüner, İ., Şakiroğlu, M. (2020). Psychological Effects of Covid-19 Epidemic and Quarantine. Turkish Studies, 15(4), 885-903. doi: 10.3390/nu12123660.
  • Amatori, S., Donati Zeppa, S., Preti, A., Gervasi, M., Gobbi, E., Ferrini, F., et al. (2020). Dietary Habits and Psychological States during COVID-19 Home Isolation in Italian College Students: The Role of Physical Exercise. Nutrients, 12(12). doi: 10.3390/nu12123660.
  • Armutlu, K., Korkmaz, NC., Keser, I., Sumbuloglu, V., Akbiyik, DI., Guney, Z., et al. (2007). The validity and reliability of the Fatigue Severity Scale in Turkish multiple sclerosis patients. Int J Rehabil Res, 30(1), 81-5. doi: 10.1097/MRR.0b013e3280146ec4.
  • Arslan, E., Ercan, S. (2020). Significance of Exercise During COVID-19 Pandemic and Social Distancing. Turkish Journal of Sports Medicine, 55(2), 188-91. doi: 10.5152/tjsm.2020.190.
  • ATS statement: guidelines for the six-minute walk test. (2002). Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 166(1), 111-7. doi: 10.1164/ajrccm.166.1.at1102.
  • Aytür, YK., Köseoglu, B., Taşkıran, ÖÖ., Gökkaya, NKO., Delialioğlu, SÜ., Tur, BS., et al. (2020). Pulmonary Rehabilitation Principles After SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19): A Guideline for the Management of Acute and Subacute Course, Journal of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Sciences, 23(2), 111-23. doi: 10.31609/jpmrs.2020-75492.
  • Bassey, EJ. (1998). Longitudinal changes in selected physical capabilities: muscle strength, flexibility and body size. Age Ageing, 27 Suppl3, 12-6. doi:10.1093/ageing/27.suppl_3.12.
  • Başaran, S., Güzel, R. (2020) The role of rehabilitation in acute and chronic period of COVID-19. Cukurova Medical Journal, 45(4), 1818-28. doi: 10.17826/cumj.793835.
  • Beck, AT., Ward, CH., Mendelson, M., Mock, J., Erbaugh, J. (1961). An inventory for measuring depression. Arch Gen Psychiatr, 4, 561-71. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.1961.01710120031004.
  • Bestall, JC., Paul, EA., Garrod, R., Garnham, R., Jones, PW., Wedzicha, JA. (1999). Usefulness of the Medical Research Council (MRC) dyspnoea scale as a measure of disability in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Thorax, 54(7), 581-6. doi: 10.1136/thx.54.7.581.
  • Breyer, M.K,, Breyer-Kohansal, R., Funk, GC., Dornhofer, N, Spruit, MA., Wouters, EF., et al. (2010). Nordic walking improves daily physical activities in COPD: a randomised controlled trial. Respiratory research, 1(1), 1-9. doi: 10.1186/1465-9921-11-112.
  • Cokorilo, N., Ruiz-Montero, PJ., González-Fernández, FT., Martín-Moya, R. (2022). An Intervention of 12 Weeks of Nordic Walking and Recreational Walking to Improve Cardiorespiratory Capacity and Fitness in Older Adult Women. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 11(10), 2900. doi:10.3390/jcm11102900.
  • Cugusi, L., Manca, A., Yeo, TJ., Bassareo, PP., Mercuro, G., Kaski, JC. (2017). Nordic walking for individuals with cardiovascular disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Eur J Prev Cardiol, 24(18), 1938-55. Doi: 10.1177/2047487317738592.
  • Çalik Kütükcü, E., Çakmak, A., Kinaci, E., Uyaroğlu, OA., Vardar Yağli, N., Sain Güven, G., et al. (2021). Reliability and validity of the Turkish version of Post-COVID-19 Functional Status Scale. Turk J Med Sci, 51(5), 2304-10. doi: 10.3906/sag-2105-125.
  • Dunsky, A., Ayalon, M., Netz, Y. (2011). Arm-curl field test for older women: is it a measure of arm strength? J Strength Cond Res, 25(1), 193-7. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181bac36a.
  • Ekim, M., Er, ZC., Zekey, FS., Ekim, H., Çiçekcioğlu, F., Polat, MF. (2020). Cardiovascular System Implications of COVID-19 Disease. YOBU Faculty of Health Sciences Journal, 1(1), 27-34.
  • Grigoletto, A., Mauro, M., Oppio, A., Greco, G., Fischetti, F., Cataldi, S. et al. (2022). Effects of Nordic Walking Training on Anthropometric, Body Composition and Functional Parameters in the Middle-Aged Population. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(12), 7433. doi:10.3390/%20ijerph19127433.
  • Haraldstad, K., Wahl, A., Andenæs, R., Andersen. JR., Andersen, MH., Beisland, E., et al. (2019). LIVSFORSK network. A systematic review of quality of life research in medicine and health sciences. Qual Life Res, 8(10), 2641-2650. doi: 10.1007/s11136-019-02214-9.
  • Hisli, N. (1989). A reliability and validity study of Beck Depression Inventory in a university student sample. J Psychol, 7, 3-13.
  • Jimeno-Almazán, A., Pallarés, JG., Buendía-Romero, Á., Martínez-Cava, A., Franco-López, F., Sánchez-Alcaraz Martínez, BJ., et al. (2021). Post-COVID-19 Syndrome and the Potential Benefits of Exercise. Int J Environ Res Public Health,18(10). doi:10.3390/ijerph18105329.
  • Kücükdeveci, AA., McKenna, SP., Kutlay, S., Gürsel, Y., Whalley, D., Arasil, T. (2000). The development and psychometric assessment of the Turkish version of the Nottingham Health Profile. Int J Rehabil Res, 23(1), 31-8. doi: 10.1097/00004356-200023010-00004.
  • Marciniak, K., Maciaszek, J., Cyma-Wejchenig, M., Szeklicki, R., Maćkowiak, Z., Sadowska, D,. et al. (2020). The Effect of Nordic Walking Training with Poles with an Integrated Resistance Shock Absorber on the Functional Fitness of Women over the Age of 60. International journal of environmental research and public health, 17(7), 2197. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17072197.
  • Micielska, K., Flis, M., Kortas, JA., Rodziewicz-Flis, E., Antosiewicz, J., Wochna, K, et al. (2021). Nordic Walking Rather Than High Intensity Interval Training Reduced Myostatin Concentration More Effectively in Elderly Subjects and the Range of This Drop Was Modified by Metabolites of Vitamin D. Nutrients, 13(12).doi:10.3390/nu13124393.
  • Millor, N., Lecumberri, P., Gomez, M., Martinez, A., Martinikorena, J., Rodriguez-Manas, L., et al. (2017). Gait Velocity and Chair Sit-Stand-Sit Performance Improves Current Frailty-Status Identification. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng, 25(11), 2018-25. doi: 10.1109/TNSRE.2017.2699124.
  • Miyamoto, N., Hirata, K., Kimura, N., Miyamoto-Mikami, E. (2018). Contributions of Hamstring Stiffness to Straight-Leg-Raise and Sit-and-Reach Test Scores. Int J Sports Med, 39(2), 110-4. doi:10.1055/S-0043 117411.
  • Nemoto, Y., Sakurai, R., Ogawa, S., Maruo, K., Fujiwara, Y. (2021). Effects of an unsupervised Nordic walking intervention on cognitive and physical function among older women engaging in volunteer activity. Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness, 19(4), 209-15. Doi: 10.1016/j.jesf.2021.06.002.
  • Özdamar, M., Özdamar, HÇ., Kılıç Erkek, Ö., Tümkaya, S. (2022). Examination of the effectiveness of 12-week Nordic Walking exercise in prediabetic individuals. Pamukkale medicine journal, 15(2), 285-301. doi:10.31362/patd.1012513.
  • Öztürk, M. (2005). A Research on Reliability and Validity of International Physical Activity Questionnaire and Determination of Physical Activity Level in University Students, Master’s Thesis, Institute of Science, Ankara. Pinho, CS., Caria, ACI., Aras Júnior, R., Pitanga, FJG. (2020). The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on levels of physical fitness. Rev Assoc Med Bras, 66(Suppl 2), 34-7. doi: 10.1590/1806-9282.66.S2.34.
  • Prince, SA., Wooding, E., Mielniczuk, L., Pipe, AL., Chan, KL., Keast, ML., et al. (2019). Nordic walking and standard exercise therapy in patients with chronic heart failure: A randomised controlled trial comparison. European journal of preventive cardiology, 26(16). 1790–4. doi: 10.1177/2047487319871215.
  • Reed, JL., Terada, T., Cotie, LM., Tulloch, HE., Leenen, FH., Mistura, M., et al. (2022). The effects of high-intensity interval training, Nordic walking and moderate-to-vigorous intensity continuous training on functional capacity, depression and quality of life in patients with coronary artery disease enrolled in cardiac rehabilitation: A randomized controlled trial (CRX study). Prog Cardiovasc Dis, 70, 73-83. doi: 10.1016/j.pcad.2021.07.002.
  • Rooney, S., Webster, A., Paul, L. (2020). Systematic Review of Changes and Recovery in Physical Function and Fitness After Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Related Coronavirus Infection: Implications for COVID-19 Rehabilitation. Phys Ther, 100(10), 1717-29. doi:10.1093/ptj/pzaa129.
  • Sallis, R., Young, DR., Tartof, SY., Sallis, JF., Sall, J., Li, Q., et al. (2021). Physical inactivity is associated with a higher risk for severe COVID-19 outcomes: a study in 48 440 adult patients. Br J Sports Med, 55(19), 1099-105. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2021-104080.
  • Santoyo-Medina, C., Cabo, MJ., Xaudaró, DF., Sanmillan, GL., Sanchez Pous, S., Cartaña, IG., et al. (2022). Effect of Nordic Walking Training on Walking Capacity and Quality of Life for People With Multiple Sclerosis. International Journal of MS Care, Doi:10.7224/1537-2073.2021-070.
  • Saulicz, M., Saulicz, E., Myśliwiec, A., Wolny, T., Linek, P., Knapik, A,. et al. (2015). Effect of a 4-week Nordic walking training on the physical fitness and self-assessment of the quality of health of women of the perimenopausal age. Przeglad menopauzalny / Menopause review, 14(2), 105–111. doi: 10.5114/pm.2015.52152.
  • Steffen, TM., Hacker, TA., Mollinger, L. (2002). Age and gender-related test performance in community-dwelling elderly people: Six-Minute Walk Test, Berg Balance Scale, Timed Up & Go Test, and gait speeds. Phys Ther, 82(2), 128-37. doi: 10.1164/ajrccm.166.1.at1102.
  • Taş, ND., Çağlayan, MA. (2021). COVID-19: Long-Term Effects and Rehabilitation. Türkiye Klinikleri, 68-73. Thaller, L., Frühauf, A., Heimbeck., Voderholzer, U., Kopp, MA. (2022). Comparison of Acute Effects of Climbing Therapy with Nordic Walking for Inpatient Adults with Mental Health Disorder: A Clinical Pilot Trial. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(11), 6767. doi:10.29058/mjwbs.1132188.
  • Tschentscher, M., Niederseer, D., Niebauer, J. (2013). Health benefits of Nordic walking: a systematic review. Am J Prev Med, 44(1), 76-84. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2012.09.043.
  • Tunç, AÇ., Zorba, E., Çingöz, YE. (2020). The Effect of Exercise on Quality of Life in the Period of Pandemic (Covid 19). International Journal of Contemporary Educational Studies, 6(1).127-35.
  • Węgrzynowska-Teodorczyk, K., Mozdzanowska, D., Josiak, K., Siennicka, A., Nowakowska, K., Banasiak, W., et al. (2016). Could the two-minute step test be an alternative to the six-minute walk test for patients with systolic heart failure? Eur J Prev Cardiol, 23(12), 1307-13. doi: 10.1177/2047487315625235.
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Year 2023, Volume: 6 Issue: 2, 181 - 192, 27.06.2023
https://doi.org/10.33438/ijdshs.1262512

Abstract

Project Number

KA22/355

References

  • Acar, M., Yarımkaya, NS., Tekindal, MA. (2022). The Effect of Nordic Walking Exercise Training on Physical Fitness, Physical Activity Level, Anxiety-Depression and Quality of Life in Smokers: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Batı Karadeniz Medicine Journal, 6(3), 385-393. doi:10.29058/mjwbs.1132188.
  • Ahmadi Hekmatikar, AH., Ferreira Júnior, JB., Shahrbanian, S., Suzuki, K. (2022). Functional and Psychological changes after exercise training in post-COVID-19 patients discharged from the hospital: A PRISMA-Compliant Systematic Review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(4), 2290. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19042290.
  • Akalın, S., Özgüner, İ., Şakiroğlu, M. (2020). Psychological Effects of Covid-19 Epidemic and Quarantine. Turkish Studies, 15(4), 885-903. doi: 10.3390/nu12123660.
  • Amatori, S., Donati Zeppa, S., Preti, A., Gervasi, M., Gobbi, E., Ferrini, F., et al. (2020). Dietary Habits and Psychological States during COVID-19 Home Isolation in Italian College Students: The Role of Physical Exercise. Nutrients, 12(12). doi: 10.3390/nu12123660.
  • Armutlu, K., Korkmaz, NC., Keser, I., Sumbuloglu, V., Akbiyik, DI., Guney, Z., et al. (2007). The validity and reliability of the Fatigue Severity Scale in Turkish multiple sclerosis patients. Int J Rehabil Res, 30(1), 81-5. doi: 10.1097/MRR.0b013e3280146ec4.
  • Arslan, E., Ercan, S. (2020). Significance of Exercise During COVID-19 Pandemic and Social Distancing. Turkish Journal of Sports Medicine, 55(2), 188-91. doi: 10.5152/tjsm.2020.190.
  • ATS statement: guidelines for the six-minute walk test. (2002). Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 166(1), 111-7. doi: 10.1164/ajrccm.166.1.at1102.
  • Aytür, YK., Köseoglu, B., Taşkıran, ÖÖ., Gökkaya, NKO., Delialioğlu, SÜ., Tur, BS., et al. (2020). Pulmonary Rehabilitation Principles After SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19): A Guideline for the Management of Acute and Subacute Course, Journal of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Sciences, 23(2), 111-23. doi: 10.31609/jpmrs.2020-75492.
  • Bassey, EJ. (1998). Longitudinal changes in selected physical capabilities: muscle strength, flexibility and body size. Age Ageing, 27 Suppl3, 12-6. doi:10.1093/ageing/27.suppl_3.12.
  • Başaran, S., Güzel, R. (2020) The role of rehabilitation in acute and chronic period of COVID-19. Cukurova Medical Journal, 45(4), 1818-28. doi: 10.17826/cumj.793835.
  • Beck, AT., Ward, CH., Mendelson, M., Mock, J., Erbaugh, J. (1961). An inventory for measuring depression. Arch Gen Psychiatr, 4, 561-71. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.1961.01710120031004.
  • Bestall, JC., Paul, EA., Garrod, R., Garnham, R., Jones, PW., Wedzicha, JA. (1999). Usefulness of the Medical Research Council (MRC) dyspnoea scale as a measure of disability in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Thorax, 54(7), 581-6. doi: 10.1136/thx.54.7.581.
  • Breyer, M.K,, Breyer-Kohansal, R., Funk, GC., Dornhofer, N, Spruit, MA., Wouters, EF., et al. (2010). Nordic walking improves daily physical activities in COPD: a randomised controlled trial. Respiratory research, 1(1), 1-9. doi: 10.1186/1465-9921-11-112.
  • Cokorilo, N., Ruiz-Montero, PJ., González-Fernández, FT., Martín-Moya, R. (2022). An Intervention of 12 Weeks of Nordic Walking and Recreational Walking to Improve Cardiorespiratory Capacity and Fitness in Older Adult Women. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 11(10), 2900. doi:10.3390/jcm11102900.
  • Cugusi, L., Manca, A., Yeo, TJ., Bassareo, PP., Mercuro, G., Kaski, JC. (2017). Nordic walking for individuals with cardiovascular disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Eur J Prev Cardiol, 24(18), 1938-55. Doi: 10.1177/2047487317738592.
  • Çalik Kütükcü, E., Çakmak, A., Kinaci, E., Uyaroğlu, OA., Vardar Yağli, N., Sain Güven, G., et al. (2021). Reliability and validity of the Turkish version of Post-COVID-19 Functional Status Scale. Turk J Med Sci, 51(5), 2304-10. doi: 10.3906/sag-2105-125.
  • Dunsky, A., Ayalon, M., Netz, Y. (2011). Arm-curl field test for older women: is it a measure of arm strength? J Strength Cond Res, 25(1), 193-7. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181bac36a.
  • Ekim, M., Er, ZC., Zekey, FS., Ekim, H., Çiçekcioğlu, F., Polat, MF. (2020). Cardiovascular System Implications of COVID-19 Disease. YOBU Faculty of Health Sciences Journal, 1(1), 27-34.
  • Grigoletto, A., Mauro, M., Oppio, A., Greco, G., Fischetti, F., Cataldi, S. et al. (2022). Effects of Nordic Walking Training on Anthropometric, Body Composition and Functional Parameters in the Middle-Aged Population. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(12), 7433. doi:10.3390/%20ijerph19127433.
  • Haraldstad, K., Wahl, A., Andenæs, R., Andersen. JR., Andersen, MH., Beisland, E., et al. (2019). LIVSFORSK network. A systematic review of quality of life research in medicine and health sciences. Qual Life Res, 8(10), 2641-2650. doi: 10.1007/s11136-019-02214-9.
  • Hisli, N. (1989). A reliability and validity study of Beck Depression Inventory in a university student sample. J Psychol, 7, 3-13.
  • Jimeno-Almazán, A., Pallarés, JG., Buendía-Romero, Á., Martínez-Cava, A., Franco-López, F., Sánchez-Alcaraz Martínez, BJ., et al. (2021). Post-COVID-19 Syndrome and the Potential Benefits of Exercise. Int J Environ Res Public Health,18(10). doi:10.3390/ijerph18105329.
  • Kücükdeveci, AA., McKenna, SP., Kutlay, S., Gürsel, Y., Whalley, D., Arasil, T. (2000). The development and psychometric assessment of the Turkish version of the Nottingham Health Profile. Int J Rehabil Res, 23(1), 31-8. doi: 10.1097/00004356-200023010-00004.
  • Marciniak, K., Maciaszek, J., Cyma-Wejchenig, M., Szeklicki, R., Maćkowiak, Z., Sadowska, D,. et al. (2020). The Effect of Nordic Walking Training with Poles with an Integrated Resistance Shock Absorber on the Functional Fitness of Women over the Age of 60. International journal of environmental research and public health, 17(7), 2197. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17072197.
  • Micielska, K., Flis, M., Kortas, JA., Rodziewicz-Flis, E., Antosiewicz, J., Wochna, K, et al. (2021). Nordic Walking Rather Than High Intensity Interval Training Reduced Myostatin Concentration More Effectively in Elderly Subjects and the Range of This Drop Was Modified by Metabolites of Vitamin D. Nutrients, 13(12).doi:10.3390/nu13124393.
  • Millor, N., Lecumberri, P., Gomez, M., Martinez, A., Martinikorena, J., Rodriguez-Manas, L., et al. (2017). Gait Velocity and Chair Sit-Stand-Sit Performance Improves Current Frailty-Status Identification. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng, 25(11), 2018-25. doi: 10.1109/TNSRE.2017.2699124.
  • Miyamoto, N., Hirata, K., Kimura, N., Miyamoto-Mikami, E. (2018). Contributions of Hamstring Stiffness to Straight-Leg-Raise and Sit-and-Reach Test Scores. Int J Sports Med, 39(2), 110-4. doi:10.1055/S-0043 117411.
  • Nemoto, Y., Sakurai, R., Ogawa, S., Maruo, K., Fujiwara, Y. (2021). Effects of an unsupervised Nordic walking intervention on cognitive and physical function among older women engaging in volunteer activity. Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness, 19(4), 209-15. Doi: 10.1016/j.jesf.2021.06.002.
  • Özdamar, M., Özdamar, HÇ., Kılıç Erkek, Ö., Tümkaya, S. (2022). Examination of the effectiveness of 12-week Nordic Walking exercise in prediabetic individuals. Pamukkale medicine journal, 15(2), 285-301. doi:10.31362/patd.1012513.
  • Öztürk, M. (2005). A Research on Reliability and Validity of International Physical Activity Questionnaire and Determination of Physical Activity Level in University Students, Master’s Thesis, Institute of Science, Ankara. Pinho, CS., Caria, ACI., Aras Júnior, R., Pitanga, FJG. (2020). The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on levels of physical fitness. Rev Assoc Med Bras, 66(Suppl 2), 34-7. doi: 10.1590/1806-9282.66.S2.34.
  • Prince, SA., Wooding, E., Mielniczuk, L., Pipe, AL., Chan, KL., Keast, ML., et al. (2019). Nordic walking and standard exercise therapy in patients with chronic heart failure: A randomised controlled trial comparison. European journal of preventive cardiology, 26(16). 1790–4. doi: 10.1177/2047487319871215.
  • Reed, JL., Terada, T., Cotie, LM., Tulloch, HE., Leenen, FH., Mistura, M., et al. (2022). The effects of high-intensity interval training, Nordic walking and moderate-to-vigorous intensity continuous training on functional capacity, depression and quality of life in patients with coronary artery disease enrolled in cardiac rehabilitation: A randomized controlled trial (CRX study). Prog Cardiovasc Dis, 70, 73-83. doi: 10.1016/j.pcad.2021.07.002.
  • Rooney, S., Webster, A., Paul, L. (2020). Systematic Review of Changes and Recovery in Physical Function and Fitness After Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Related Coronavirus Infection: Implications for COVID-19 Rehabilitation. Phys Ther, 100(10), 1717-29. doi:10.1093/ptj/pzaa129.
  • Sallis, R., Young, DR., Tartof, SY., Sallis, JF., Sall, J., Li, Q., et al. (2021). Physical inactivity is associated with a higher risk for severe COVID-19 outcomes: a study in 48 440 adult patients. Br J Sports Med, 55(19), 1099-105. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2021-104080.
  • Santoyo-Medina, C., Cabo, MJ., Xaudaró, DF., Sanmillan, GL., Sanchez Pous, S., Cartaña, IG., et al. (2022). Effect of Nordic Walking Training on Walking Capacity and Quality of Life for People With Multiple Sclerosis. International Journal of MS Care, Doi:10.7224/1537-2073.2021-070.
  • Saulicz, M., Saulicz, E., Myśliwiec, A., Wolny, T., Linek, P., Knapik, A,. et al. (2015). Effect of a 4-week Nordic walking training on the physical fitness and self-assessment of the quality of health of women of the perimenopausal age. Przeglad menopauzalny / Menopause review, 14(2), 105–111. doi: 10.5114/pm.2015.52152.
  • Steffen, TM., Hacker, TA., Mollinger, L. (2002). Age and gender-related test performance in community-dwelling elderly people: Six-Minute Walk Test, Berg Balance Scale, Timed Up & Go Test, and gait speeds. Phys Ther, 82(2), 128-37. doi: 10.1164/ajrccm.166.1.at1102.
  • Taş, ND., Çağlayan, MA. (2021). COVID-19: Long-Term Effects and Rehabilitation. Türkiye Klinikleri, 68-73. Thaller, L., Frühauf, A., Heimbeck., Voderholzer, U., Kopp, MA. (2022). Comparison of Acute Effects of Climbing Therapy with Nordic Walking for Inpatient Adults with Mental Health Disorder: A Clinical Pilot Trial. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(11), 6767. doi:10.29058/mjwbs.1132188.
  • Tschentscher, M., Niederseer, D., Niebauer, J. (2013). Health benefits of Nordic walking: a systematic review. Am J Prev Med, 44(1), 76-84. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2012.09.043.
  • Tunç, AÇ., Zorba, E., Çingöz, YE. (2020). The Effect of Exercise on Quality of Life in the Period of Pandemic (Covid 19). International Journal of Contemporary Educational Studies, 6(1).127-35.
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There are 44 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Physical Training, Sports and Physical Activity For Disabled
Journal Section Original Article
Authors

Manolya Acar 0000-0003-2736-6195

Demet Öztürk 0000-0002-5907-8000

Kübra Nur Doğan 0009-0000-4740-0456

İpek Ada 0009-0003-2141-4499

Didem Nur Demirer 0009-0004-2119-5131

Project Number KA22/355
Early Pub Date June 1, 2023
Publication Date June 27, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 6 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Acar, M., Öztürk, D., Doğan, K. N., Ada, İ., et al. (2023). Nordic Walking - The Effectiveness of a New Form of Exercise in Adults After COVID-19 Infection: A Randomized Controlled Trial. International Journal of Disabilities Sports and Health Sciences, 6(2), 181-192. https://doi.org/10.33438/ijdshs.1262512
AMA Acar M, Öztürk D, Doğan KN, Ada İ, Demirer DN. Nordic Walking - The Effectiveness of a New Form of Exercise in Adults After COVID-19 Infection: A Randomized Controlled Trial. International Journal of Disabilities Sports &Health Sciences. June 2023;6(2):181-192. doi:10.33438/ijdshs.1262512
Chicago Acar, Manolya, Demet Öztürk, Kübra Nur Doğan, İpek Ada, and Didem Nur Demirer. “Nordic Walking - The Effectiveness of a New Form of Exercise in Adults After COVID-19 Infection: A Randomized Controlled Trial”. International Journal of Disabilities Sports and Health Sciences 6, no. 2 (June 2023): 181-92. https://doi.org/10.33438/ijdshs.1262512.
EndNote Acar M, Öztürk D, Doğan KN, Ada İ, Demirer DN (June 1, 2023) Nordic Walking - The Effectiveness of a New Form of Exercise in Adults After COVID-19 Infection: A Randomized Controlled Trial. International Journal of Disabilities Sports and Health Sciences 6 2 181–192.
IEEE M. Acar, D. Öztürk, K. N. Doğan, İ. Ada, and D. N. Demirer, “Nordic Walking - The Effectiveness of a New Form of Exercise in Adults After COVID-19 Infection: A Randomized Controlled Trial”, International Journal of Disabilities Sports &Health Sciences, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 181–192, 2023, doi: 10.33438/ijdshs.1262512.
ISNAD Acar, Manolya et al. “Nordic Walking - The Effectiveness of a New Form of Exercise in Adults After COVID-19 Infection: A Randomized Controlled Trial”. International Journal of Disabilities Sports and Health Sciences 6/2 (June 2023), 181-192. https://doi.org/10.33438/ijdshs.1262512.
JAMA Acar M, Öztürk D, Doğan KN, Ada İ, Demirer DN. Nordic Walking - The Effectiveness of a New Form of Exercise in Adults After COVID-19 Infection: A Randomized Controlled Trial. International Journal of Disabilities Sports &Health Sciences. 2023;6:181–192.
MLA Acar, Manolya et al. “Nordic Walking - The Effectiveness of a New Form of Exercise in Adults After COVID-19 Infection: A Randomized Controlled Trial”. International Journal of Disabilities Sports and Health Sciences, vol. 6, no. 2, 2023, pp. 181-92, doi:10.33438/ijdshs.1262512.
Vancouver Acar M, Öztürk D, Doğan KN, Ada İ, Demirer DN. Nordic Walking - The Effectiveness of a New Form of Exercise in Adults After COVID-19 Infection: A Randomized Controlled Trial. International Journal of Disabilities Sports &Health Sciences. 2023;6(2):181-92.


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