Research Article
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How Supervisor Incivility Affects Social Exclusion: The Role of Boss Phubbing and Trust in Manager

Year 2021, Volume: 6 Issue: 14, 103 - 116, 28.02.2021

Seyhan Özdemir Ramazan Erdem

https://doi.org/10.25204/iktisad.855534
Cited By: 2

Abstract

The aim of the study is to determine the sequential mediating roles of boss phubbing and trust in manager in the relationship between supervisor incivility and social exclusion. The research data were obtained from 278 working adults. The study data was used online, and the prepared questionnaire was applied using the convenience sampling method. Descriptive statistics, confirmatory factor analysis, correlation, and regression analysis based on the bootstrap method were used in analyzing the collected data. A sequential mediation model was used to examine the relationship between supervisor incivility and social exclusion. As a result of the analysis, a positive relationship is found between variables except for trust in manager. In addition, supervisor incivility predicts boss phubbing behavior in a positive and significant way. There is a sequential mediation relationship between supervisor incivility and social exclusion between boss phubbing and trust in manager. Finally, according to the results of Bootstrap, it was found that the indirect effect of supervisor incivility on social exclusion via boss phubbing and trust in manager was significant.

Keywords

Supervisor Inciviılity, Boss Phubbing, Supervisor Trust, Social Exclusion.

References

  • Abeele, M. M. V., Antheunis, M. L., & Schouten, A. P. (2016). The effect of mobile messaging during a conversation on impression formation and interaction quality. Computers in Human Behavior, 62, 562-569.
  • Abeele, M. M. V., Hendrickson, A. T., Pollmann, M. M., & Ling, R. (2019). Phubbing behavior in conversations and its relation to perceived conversation intimacy and distraction: An exploratory observation study. Computers in Human Behavior, 100, 35-47.
  • Alkaabi, O., & Wong, C. (2019). Relationships among authentic leadership, manager incivility and trust in the manager. Leadership in Health Services.
  • Al‐Saggaf, Y., & O'Donnell, S. B. (2019). Phubbing: Perceptions, reasons behind, predictors, and impacts. Human Behavior and Emerging Technologies, 1(2), 132-140.
  • Andersson, L. M., & Pearson, C. M. (1999). Tit for tat? The spiraling effect of incivility in the workplace. Academy of management review, 24(3), 452-471.
  • Arbuckle, J. L. (2016). IBM® SPSS® Amos™ user’s guide.
  • Baumeister, R. F., DeWall, C. N., Ciarocco, N. J., & Twenge, J. M. (2005). Social exclusion impairs self-regulation. Journal of personality and social psychology, 88(4), 589.
  • Blau, G., & Andersson, L. (2005). Testing a measure of instigated workplace incivility. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 78(4), 595-614.
  • Burgoon, J. K., & Le Poire, B. A. (1993). Effects of communication expectancies, actual communication, and expectancy disconfirmation on evaluations of communicators and their communication behavior. Human communication research, 20(1), 67-96.
  • Cameron, A. F., & Webster, J. (2011). Relational outcomes of multicommunicating: Integrating incivility and social exchange perspectives. Organization Science, 22(3), 754-771.
  • Chotpitayasunondh, V., & Douglas, K. M. (2016). How “phubbing” becomes the norm: The antecedents and consequences of snubbing via smartphone. Computers in Human Behavior, 63, 9-18.
  • Chotpitayasunondh, V., & Douglas, K. M. (2018). Measuring phone snubbing behavior: Development and validation of the Generic Scale of Phubbing (GSP) and the Generic Scale of Being Phubbed (GSBP). Computers in Human Behavior, 88, 5-17.
  • Cortina, L. M., Magley, V. J., Williams, J. H., & Langhout, R. D. (2001). Incivility in the workplace: Incidence and impact. Journal of occupational health psychology, 6(1), 64.
  • Farber, M. (2016). Smartphones are making you slack off at work. Fortune. http://fortune.com/2016/06/09/smartphones-making-you-slack-at-work-survey/
  • Ferris, D. L., Chen, M., & Lim, S. (2017). Comparing and contrasting workplace ostracism and incivility. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 4, 315-338.
  • Gaski, J. (2017). Common latent factor: Confirmatory factory analysis. Accessed March 15, 2018, from http://statwiki.kolobkreations.com/index.php?title=Confirmatory_Factor_Analysis&redirect=no#Common_Latent_Factor.Return to ref 2017 in article
  • Gentry, W.A., Clark, M.A., Young, S.F., Cullen, K.L. and Zimmerman, L. (2015), “How displaying empathic concern may differentially predict career derailment potential for women and men leaders in Australia”, The Leadership Quarterly, Vol. 26 No. 4, pp. 641-653.
  • Gerber, J., & Wheeler, L. (2009). On being rejected: A meta-analysis of experimental research on rejection. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 4(5), 468-488.
  • Gray, C. J., Carter, N. T., & Sears, K. L. (2017). The UWBQ-I: An adaption and validation of a measure of instigated incivility. Journal of Business and Psychology, 32(1), 21-39.
  • Gürbüz, S. (2019). AMOS ile yapısal eşitlik modellemesi. Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.
  • Gürbüz, S., & Şahin, F. (2016). Sosyal bilimlerde araştırma yöntemleri felsefe-yöntem-analiz. Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.
  • Hansen, Å. M., Hogh, A., Persson, R., Karlson, B., Garde, A. H., & Ørbaek, P. (2006). Bullying at work, health outcomes, and physiological stress response. Journal of psychosomatic research, 60(1), 63-72.
  • Hogan, R., & Kaiser, R. B. (2005). What we know about leadership. Review of general psychology, 9(2), 169-180.
  • Kline, R. B. (2015). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. Guilford publications.
  • Krishnan, A., Kurtzberg, T. R., & Naquin, C. E. (2014). The curse of the smartphone: Electronic multitasking in negotiations. Negotiation Journal, 30(2), 191-208.
  • Kumral, T. (2017). İşyeri nezaketsizliği ve örgütsel sessizlik ilişkisinde örgütsel dışlanmanın aracı rolü. (Yayınlanmamış Yükseklisans Tezi). Marmara Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, İstanbul.
  • Laschinger, H. K. S., Wong, C. A., & Grau, A. L. (2013). Authentic leadership, empowerment and burnout: a comparison in new graduates and experienced nurses. Journal of nursing management, 21(3), 541-552.
  • Leary, M. R. (1999). Making sense of self-esteem. Current directions in psychological science, 8(1), 32-35.
  • Mayer, R. C., Davis, J. H., & Schoorman, F. D. (1995). An integrative model of organizational trust. Academy of management review, 20(3), 709-734.
  • McDaniel, B. T., & Coyne, S. M. (2016). Technology interference in the parenting of young children: Implications for mothers’ perceptions of coparenting. The Social Science Journal, 53(4), 435-443.
  • McNamara, S. A. (2012). Incivility in nursing: Unsafe nurse, unsafe patients. AORN journal, 4(95), 535-540.
  • Morgan, G. A., Leech, N. L., Gloeckner, G. W., & Barrett, K. C. (2004). SPSS for introductory statistics: Use and interpretation. Psychology Press.
  • Namie, G. (2003). Workplace bullying: Escalated incivility. Ivey business journal, 68(2), 1-6.
  • Nicholson, C. Y., Compeau, L. D., & Sethi, R. (2001). The role of interpersonal liking in building trust in long-term channel relationships. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 29(1), 3.
  • Pearson, C. M., Andersson, L. M., & Porath, C. L. (2000). Assessing and attacking workplace incivility. Organizational dynamics, 29(2), 123-137.
  • Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Lee, J. Y., & Podsakoff, N. P. (2003). Common method biases in behavioral research: a critical review of the literature and recommended remedies. Journal of applied psychology, 88(5), 879.
  • Porath, C., & Pearson, C. (2013). The price of incivility. Harvard business review, 91(1-2), 114-121.
  • Przybylski, A. K., & Weinstein, N. (2013). Can you connect with me now? How the presence of mobile communication technology influences face-to-face conversation quality. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 30(3), 237-246.
  • Roberts, D. R., Bahn, V., Ciuti, S., Boyce, M. S., Elith, J., Guillera‐Arroita, G., ... & Dormann, C. F. (2017). Cross‐validation strategies for data with temporal, spatial, hierarchical, or phylogenetic structure. Ecography, 40(8), 913-929.
  • Roberts, J. A., & David, M. E. (2016). My life has become a major distraction from my cell phone: Partner phubbing and relationship satisfaction among romantic partners. Computers in human behavior, 54, 134-141.
  • Roberts, J. A., & David, M. E. (2017). Put down your phone and listen to me: How boss phubbing undermines the psychological conditions necessary for employee engagement. Computers in Human Behavior, 75, 206-217.
  • Roberts, J. A., & David, M. E. (2020). Boss phubbing, trust, job satisfaction and employee performance. Personality and Individual Differences, 155, 109702.
  • Rousseau, D. M. (1989). Psychological and implied contracts in organizations. Employee responsibilities and rights journal, 2(2), 121-139.
  • Schilpzand, P., De Pater, I. E., & Erez, A. (2016). Workplace incivility: A review of the literature and agenda for future research. Journal of Organizational behavior, 37, S57-S88.
  • Schilpzand, P., De Pater, I. E., & Erez, A. (2016). Workplace incivility: A review of the literature and agenda for future research. Journal of Organizational behavior, 37, S57-S88.
  • Su, L., Jiang, Y., Chen, Z., & DeWall, C. N. (2017). Social exclusion and consumer switching behavior: A control restoration mechanism. Journal of Consumer Research, 44(1), 99-117.
  • Ugur, N. G., & Koc, T. (2015). Time for digital detox: Misuse of mobile technology and phubbing. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 195, 1022-1031.
  • Wang, X., Xie, X., Wang, Y., Wang, P., & Lei, L. (2017). Partner phubbing and depression among married Chinese adults: The roles of relationship satisfaction and relationship length. Personality and Individual Differences, 110, 12-17.
  • Williams, K. D. (1997). Social ostracism. In Aversive interpersonal behaviors (pp. 133-170). Springer, Boston, MA.
  • Williams, K. D. (2009). Ostracism: A temporal need‐threat model. Advances in experimental social psychology, 41, 275-314.
  • Williams, S. (2007). The use of exclusions for corruption in developing country procurement: The case of South Africa. Journal of African Law, 1-38.
  • Yanagisawa, K., Masui, K., Furutani, K., Nomura, M., Ura, M., & Yoshida, H. (2011). Does higher general trust serve as a psychosocial buffer against social pain? An NIRS study of social exclusion. Social Neuroscience, 6(2), 190-197.
  • Yueh, H. P., Lu, M. H., & Lin, W. (2016). Employees' acceptance of mobile technology in a workplace: An empirical study using SEM and fsQCA. Journal of Business Research, 69(6), 2318-2324.
  • Yueh, H. P., Lu, M. H., & Lin, W. (2016). Employees' acceptance of mobile technology in a workplace: An empirical study using SEM and fsQCA. Journal of Business Research, 69(6), 2318-2324.
  • Zauderer, D. G. (2002). Workplace incivility and the management of human capital. Public Manager, 31(1), 36-42.
  • Zhao, H. A. O., Wayne, S. J., Glibkowski, B. C., & Bravo, J. (2007). The impact of psychological contract breach on work‐related outcomes: a meta‐analysis. Personnel psychology, 60(3), 647-680.

Yönetici Nezaketsizliği Sosyal Dışlanmayı Nasıl Etkiler: Yönetici Sosyotelizmi ve Yöneticiye Güvenin Rolü

Year 2021, Volume: 6 Issue: 14, 103 - 116, 28.02.2021

Seyhan Özdemir Ramazan Erdem

https://doi.org/10.25204/iktisad.855534
Cited By: 2

Abstract

Çalışmanın amacı, yönetici nezaketsizliği ve sosyal dışlanma ilişkisinde yönetici sosyotelizmi ve yöneticiye güvenin sıralı aracılık rolünü tespit etmektir. Araştırmanın verileri 278 çalışan yetişkinden elde edilmiştir. Çalışma verileri için çevrimiçi anket kullanılmış olup, hazırlanan anket kolayda örnekleme yöntemi kullanılarak uygulanmıştır. Toplanan verilerin analizinde, betimleyici istatistikler, doğrulayıcı faktör analizi, korelasyon ve Bootstrap yöntemini esas alan regresyon analizleri kullanılmıştır. Yönetici nezaketsizliği ile sosyal dışlanma arasındaki ilişkileri incelemek için sıralı bir arabuluculuk modeli kullanılmıştır. Yapılan analizler sonucunda, değişkenler arasında yöneticiye güven haricinde pozitif ilişki bulunmuştur. Ayrıca, yönetici nezaketsizliği yönetici sosyotelizm davranışını pozitif yönlü ve anlamlı bir şekilde yordamaktadır. Yönetici nezaketsizliği ile sosyal dışlanma arasındaki ilişkide yönetici sosyotelizmi ve yöneticiye güvenin sıralı aracılık rolü vardır. Son olarak, Bootstrap sonuçlarına göre, yönetici nezaketsizliğinin yönetici sosyotelizmi ve yöneticiye güven vasıtasıyla sosyal dışlanma üzerindeki dolaylı etkisi anlamlı bulunmuştur.

Keywords

Yönetici Nezaketsizliği, Yönetici Sosyotelizmi, Yöneticiye Güven, Sosyal Dışlanma

References

  • Abeele, M. M. V., Antheunis, M. L., & Schouten, A. P. (2016). The effect of mobile messaging during a conversation on impression formation and interaction quality. Computers in Human Behavior, 62, 562-569.
  • Abeele, M. M. V., Hendrickson, A. T., Pollmann, M. M., & Ling, R. (2019). Phubbing behavior in conversations and its relation to perceived conversation intimacy and distraction: An exploratory observation study. Computers in Human Behavior, 100, 35-47.
  • Alkaabi, O., & Wong, C. (2019). Relationships among authentic leadership, manager incivility and trust in the manager. Leadership in Health Services.
  • Al‐Saggaf, Y., & O'Donnell, S. B. (2019). Phubbing: Perceptions, reasons behind, predictors, and impacts. Human Behavior and Emerging Technologies, 1(2), 132-140.
  • Andersson, L. M., & Pearson, C. M. (1999). Tit for tat? The spiraling effect of incivility in the workplace. Academy of management review, 24(3), 452-471.
  • Arbuckle, J. L. (2016). IBM® SPSS® Amos™ user’s guide.
  • Baumeister, R. F., DeWall, C. N., Ciarocco, N. J., & Twenge, J. M. (2005). Social exclusion impairs self-regulation. Journal of personality and social psychology, 88(4), 589.
  • Blau, G., & Andersson, L. (2005). Testing a measure of instigated workplace incivility. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 78(4), 595-614.
  • Burgoon, J. K., & Le Poire, B. A. (1993). Effects of communication expectancies, actual communication, and expectancy disconfirmation on evaluations of communicators and their communication behavior. Human communication research, 20(1), 67-96.
  • Cameron, A. F., & Webster, J. (2011). Relational outcomes of multicommunicating: Integrating incivility and social exchange perspectives. Organization Science, 22(3), 754-771.
  • Chotpitayasunondh, V., & Douglas, K. M. (2016). How “phubbing” becomes the norm: The antecedents and consequences of snubbing via smartphone. Computers in Human Behavior, 63, 9-18.
  • Chotpitayasunondh, V., & Douglas, K. M. (2018). Measuring phone snubbing behavior: Development and validation of the Generic Scale of Phubbing (GSP) and the Generic Scale of Being Phubbed (GSBP). Computers in Human Behavior, 88, 5-17.
  • Cortina, L. M., Magley, V. J., Williams, J. H., & Langhout, R. D. (2001). Incivility in the workplace: Incidence and impact. Journal of occupational health psychology, 6(1), 64.
  • Farber, M. (2016). Smartphones are making you slack off at work. Fortune. http://fortune.com/2016/06/09/smartphones-making-you-slack-at-work-survey/
  • Ferris, D. L., Chen, M., & Lim, S. (2017). Comparing and contrasting workplace ostracism and incivility. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 4, 315-338.
  • Gaski, J. (2017). Common latent factor: Confirmatory factory analysis. Accessed March 15, 2018, from http://statwiki.kolobkreations.com/index.php?title=Confirmatory_Factor_Analysis&redirect=no#Common_Latent_Factor.Return to ref 2017 in article
  • Gentry, W.A., Clark, M.A., Young, S.F., Cullen, K.L. and Zimmerman, L. (2015), “How displaying empathic concern may differentially predict career derailment potential for women and men leaders in Australia”, The Leadership Quarterly, Vol. 26 No. 4, pp. 641-653.
  • Gerber, J., & Wheeler, L. (2009). On being rejected: A meta-analysis of experimental research on rejection. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 4(5), 468-488.
  • Gray, C. J., Carter, N. T., & Sears, K. L. (2017). The UWBQ-I: An adaption and validation of a measure of instigated incivility. Journal of Business and Psychology, 32(1), 21-39.
  • Gürbüz, S. (2019). AMOS ile yapısal eşitlik modellemesi. Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.
  • Gürbüz, S., & Şahin, F. (2016). Sosyal bilimlerde araştırma yöntemleri felsefe-yöntem-analiz. Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.
  • Hansen, Å. M., Hogh, A., Persson, R., Karlson, B., Garde, A. H., & Ørbaek, P. (2006). Bullying at work, health outcomes, and physiological stress response. Journal of psychosomatic research, 60(1), 63-72.
  • Hogan, R., & Kaiser, R. B. (2005). What we know about leadership. Review of general psychology, 9(2), 169-180.
  • Kline, R. B. (2015). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. Guilford publications.
  • Krishnan, A., Kurtzberg, T. R., & Naquin, C. E. (2014). The curse of the smartphone: Electronic multitasking in negotiations. Negotiation Journal, 30(2), 191-208.
  • Kumral, T. (2017). İşyeri nezaketsizliği ve örgütsel sessizlik ilişkisinde örgütsel dışlanmanın aracı rolü. (Yayınlanmamış Yükseklisans Tezi). Marmara Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, İstanbul.
  • Laschinger, H. K. S., Wong, C. A., & Grau, A. L. (2013). Authentic leadership, empowerment and burnout: a comparison in new graduates and experienced nurses. Journal of nursing management, 21(3), 541-552.
  • Leary, M. R. (1999). Making sense of self-esteem. Current directions in psychological science, 8(1), 32-35.
  • Mayer, R. C., Davis, J. H., & Schoorman, F. D. (1995). An integrative model of organizational trust. Academy of management review, 20(3), 709-734.
  • McDaniel, B. T., & Coyne, S. M. (2016). Technology interference in the parenting of young children: Implications for mothers’ perceptions of coparenting. The Social Science Journal, 53(4), 435-443.
  • McNamara, S. A. (2012). Incivility in nursing: Unsafe nurse, unsafe patients. AORN journal, 4(95), 535-540.
  • Morgan, G. A., Leech, N. L., Gloeckner, G. W., & Barrett, K. C. (2004). SPSS for introductory statistics: Use and interpretation. Psychology Press.
  • Namie, G. (2003). Workplace bullying: Escalated incivility. Ivey business journal, 68(2), 1-6.
  • Nicholson, C. Y., Compeau, L. D., & Sethi, R. (2001). The role of interpersonal liking in building trust in long-term channel relationships. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 29(1), 3.
  • Pearson, C. M., Andersson, L. M., & Porath, C. L. (2000). Assessing and attacking workplace incivility. Organizational dynamics, 29(2), 123-137.
  • Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Lee, J. Y., & Podsakoff, N. P. (2003). Common method biases in behavioral research: a critical review of the literature and recommended remedies. Journal of applied psychology, 88(5), 879.
  • Porath, C., & Pearson, C. (2013). The price of incivility. Harvard business review, 91(1-2), 114-121.
  • Przybylski, A. K., & Weinstein, N. (2013). Can you connect with me now? How the presence of mobile communication technology influences face-to-face conversation quality. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 30(3), 237-246.
  • Roberts, D. R., Bahn, V., Ciuti, S., Boyce, M. S., Elith, J., Guillera‐Arroita, G., ... & Dormann, C. F. (2017). Cross‐validation strategies for data with temporal, spatial, hierarchical, or phylogenetic structure. Ecography, 40(8), 913-929.
  • Roberts, J. A., & David, M. E. (2016). My life has become a major distraction from my cell phone: Partner phubbing and relationship satisfaction among romantic partners. Computers in human behavior, 54, 134-141.
  • Roberts, J. A., & David, M. E. (2017). Put down your phone and listen to me: How boss phubbing undermines the psychological conditions necessary for employee engagement. Computers in Human Behavior, 75, 206-217.
  • Roberts, J. A., & David, M. E. (2020). Boss phubbing, trust, job satisfaction and employee performance. Personality and Individual Differences, 155, 109702.
  • Rousseau, D. M. (1989). Psychological and implied contracts in organizations. Employee responsibilities and rights journal, 2(2), 121-139.
  • Schilpzand, P., De Pater, I. E., & Erez, A. (2016). Workplace incivility: A review of the literature and agenda for future research. Journal of Organizational behavior, 37, S57-S88.
  • Schilpzand, P., De Pater, I. E., & Erez, A. (2016). Workplace incivility: A review of the literature and agenda for future research. Journal of Organizational behavior, 37, S57-S88.
  • Su, L., Jiang, Y., Chen, Z., & DeWall, C. N. (2017). Social exclusion and consumer switching behavior: A control restoration mechanism. Journal of Consumer Research, 44(1), 99-117.
  • Ugur, N. G., & Koc, T. (2015). Time for digital detox: Misuse of mobile technology and phubbing. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 195, 1022-1031.
  • Wang, X., Xie, X., Wang, Y., Wang, P., & Lei, L. (2017). Partner phubbing and depression among married Chinese adults: The roles of relationship satisfaction and relationship length. Personality and Individual Differences, 110, 12-17.
  • Williams, K. D. (1997). Social ostracism. In Aversive interpersonal behaviors (pp. 133-170). Springer, Boston, MA.
  • Williams, K. D. (2009). Ostracism: A temporal need‐threat model. Advances in experimental social psychology, 41, 275-314.
  • Williams, S. (2007). The use of exclusions for corruption in developing country procurement: The case of South Africa. Journal of African Law, 1-38.
  • Yanagisawa, K., Masui, K., Furutani, K., Nomura, M., Ura, M., & Yoshida, H. (2011). Does higher general trust serve as a psychosocial buffer against social pain? An NIRS study of social exclusion. Social Neuroscience, 6(2), 190-197.
  • Yueh, H. P., Lu, M. H., & Lin, W. (2016). Employees' acceptance of mobile technology in a workplace: An empirical study using SEM and fsQCA. Journal of Business Research, 69(6), 2318-2324.
  • Yueh, H. P., Lu, M. H., & Lin, W. (2016). Employees' acceptance of mobile technology in a workplace: An empirical study using SEM and fsQCA. Journal of Business Research, 69(6), 2318-2324.
  • Zauderer, D. G. (2002). Workplace incivility and the management of human capital. Public Manager, 31(1), 36-42.
  • Zhao, H. A. O., Wayne, S. J., Glibkowski, B. C., & Bravo, J. (2007). The impact of psychological contract breach on work‐related outcomes: a meta‐analysis. Personnel psychology, 60(3), 647-680.
There are 56 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Business Administration
Journal Section Research Papers
Authors

Seyhan Özdemir 0000-0002-3530-6689

Ramazan Erdem 0000-0002-5986-8280

Publication Date February 28, 2021
Submission Date January 6, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 6 Issue: 14

Cite

APA Özdemir, S., & Erdem, R. (2021). Yönetici Nezaketsizliği Sosyal Dışlanmayı Nasıl Etkiler: Yönetici Sosyotelizmi ve Yöneticiye Güvenin Rolü. İktisadi İdari Ve Siyasal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 6(14), 103-116. https://doi.org/10.25204/iktisad.855534
AMA Özdemir S, Erdem R. Yönetici Nezaketsizliği Sosyal Dışlanmayı Nasıl Etkiler: Yönetici Sosyotelizmi ve Yöneticiye Güvenin Rolü. JEBUPOR. February 2021;6(14):103-116. doi:10.25204/iktisad.855534
Chicago Özdemir, Seyhan, and Ramazan Erdem. “Yönetici Nezaketsizliği Sosyal Dışlanmayı Nasıl Etkiler: Yönetici Sosyotelizmi Ve Yöneticiye Güvenin Rolü”. İktisadi İdari Ve Siyasal Araştırmalar Dergisi 6, no. 14 (February 2021): 103-16. https://doi.org/10.25204/iktisad.855534.
EndNote Özdemir S, Erdem R (February 1, 2021) Yönetici Nezaketsizliği Sosyal Dışlanmayı Nasıl Etkiler: Yönetici Sosyotelizmi ve Yöneticiye Güvenin Rolü. İktisadi İdari ve Siyasal Araştırmalar Dergisi 6 14 103–116.
IEEE S. Özdemir and R. Erdem, “Yönetici Nezaketsizliği Sosyal Dışlanmayı Nasıl Etkiler: Yönetici Sosyotelizmi ve Yöneticiye Güvenin Rolü”, JEBUPOR, vol. 6, no. 14, pp. 103–116, 2021, doi: 10.25204/iktisad.855534.
ISNAD Özdemir, Seyhan - Erdem, Ramazan. “Yönetici Nezaketsizliği Sosyal Dışlanmayı Nasıl Etkiler: Yönetici Sosyotelizmi Ve Yöneticiye Güvenin Rolü”. İktisadi İdari ve Siyasal Araştırmalar Dergisi 6/14 (February 2021), 103-116. https://doi.org/10.25204/iktisad.855534.
JAMA Özdemir S, Erdem R. Yönetici Nezaketsizliği Sosyal Dışlanmayı Nasıl Etkiler: Yönetici Sosyotelizmi ve Yöneticiye Güvenin Rolü. JEBUPOR. 2021;6:103–116.
MLA Özdemir, Seyhan and Ramazan Erdem. “Yönetici Nezaketsizliği Sosyal Dışlanmayı Nasıl Etkiler: Yönetici Sosyotelizmi Ve Yöneticiye Güvenin Rolü”. İktisadi İdari Ve Siyasal Araştırmalar Dergisi, vol. 6, no. 14, 2021, pp. 103-16, doi:10.25204/iktisad.855534.
Vancouver Özdemir S, Erdem R. Yönetici Nezaketsizliği Sosyal Dışlanmayı Nasıl Etkiler: Yönetici Sosyotelizmi ve Yöneticiye Güvenin Rolü. JEBUPOR. 2021;6(14):103-16.

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