Research Article
Year 2022,
Volume: 13 Issue: 1, 57 - 66, 01.01.2022
Abstract
References
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- Lima CKT, de Medeiros Carvalho PM, Lima IDAAS, de Oliveira Nunes JVA, Saraiva JS, de Souza RI. The emotional impact of Coronavirus 2019-nCoV (new Coronavirus disease). Psychiatry Res. 2020; 287, 112915. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40200-020-00643-9
- Guo J, Liao L, Wang B, Li X, Guo L, Tong Z, et al. Psychological effects of COVID-19 on hospital staff: a national cross-sectional survey of China mainland, Available at SSRN 3550050, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3550050
- Maslach C, Jackson SE, Leiter MP. Maslach burnout inventory manual. Mountain View. CA: Consulting Psychologists Press; 1996.
- Maslach C, Schaufeli W, Leiter M. Job Burnout. Annu Rev Psychol. 2001; 52, 397-422.
- Dewa CS, Loong D, Bonato S, Trojanowski L. The relationship between physician burnout and quality of healthcare in terms of safety and acceptability: a systematic review. BMJ Open. 2017;7:6, e015141. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2016-015141
- Hall LH, Johnson J, Watt I, TsipaA, O’ConnorDB. Healthcare staff wellbeing, burnout, and patient safety: a systematic review. PloS One. 2016; 11:7, e0159015. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0159015
- Spielberg C, Gorsuch R, Lushene R. Manual for the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Consulting Psychologist Press. Palo Alto. California; 1970.
- Öner N, Le Compte Va. State-trait anxiety inventory handbook. Bogazici University, Istanbul, Turkey;1985.
- Connor KM, Davidson JR. Development of a new resilience scale: The Connor‐Davidson resilience scale (CD‐RISC). Depress Anxiety. 2003;18:76-82. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.10113
- Karaırmak Ö. Establishing the psychometric qualities of the Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis in a trauma survivor sample. Psychiatry Res. 2010;179:350-356. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2009.09.012.
- Maslach C, Jackson SE. The measurement of experienced burnout. J Organ Behav. 1981;2:99-113. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.4030020205.
- Ergin C. Adaptation of burnout and maslach burnout scale in doctors and nurses. in 7 National Congress of Psychology, Association of Turkish Psychologists, Ankara1992. pp. 143-154.
- Restauri N, Sheridan, AD. Burnout and posttraumatic stress disorder in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic: intersection, impact, and interventions. J Am Coll Radiol. 2020;17(7), 921-926. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacr.2020.05.021
- Chover-Sierra E, Martínez-Sabater A, Lapeña-Moñux Y. Knowledge in palliative care of nursing professionals at a Spanish hospital. Rev Lat Am Enfermagem.2017;25. https://doi.org/10.1590/1518-8345.1610.2847
- Duarte I, Teixeira A, Castro L, Marina S, Ribeiro C, Jácome C, et al. Burnout among Portuguese healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. BMC Public Health,2020; 20: 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-09980-z
- Okwaraji F, Aguwa EJP. Burnout, Psychological Distress, and Job Satisfaction among Secondary School Teachers in Enugu, South East Nigeria. J Psychiatry. 2015; 18: 198. http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/Psychiatry.1000198
- Hu D, Kong Y, LiW, HanQ, Zhang X, Zhu LX, et al. Frontline nurses’ burnout, anxiety, depression, and fear statuses and their associated factors during the COVID-19 outbreak in Wuhan, China: A large-scale cross-sectional study. EClinicalMedicine. 2020; 24, 100424. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100424
- Weilenmann S, Ernst J, Petry H, Sazpinar O, Pfaltz MC, Gehrke S, et al. Health Care WorkersMental Health During the First Weeks of the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic in Switzerland: A Cross-Sectional Study. medRxiv. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.04.20088625
- Giusti EM, Pedroli E, D'Aniello GE, Badiale CS, Pietrabissa G, Manna C, et al. The psychological impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on health professionals: a cross-sectional study. Front Psychol.2020;11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01684
- Lai J, Ma S, Wang Y, Cai Z, Hu J, Wei N, et al. Factors associated with mental health outcomes among health care workers exposed to coronavirus disease 2019.JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3:e203976-e203976. https://doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.3976
- Tam CW, Pang EP, Lam LC, Chiu HFJPm. Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in Hong Kong in 2003: stress and psychological impact among frontline healthcare workers. Psychol Med.2004;34:1197. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291704002247
- Jalili M, Niroomand M, Hadavand F, Zeinali K, Fotouhi AJm. Burnout among healthcare professionals during COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study. medRxiv.2020. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.12.20129650
- Cutter SLJNh. The landscape of disaster resilience indicators in the USA. Nat Hazards.2016;80:741-758. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-015-1993-2
- Ferreira RJ, Cannon C, Buttell FJS. COVID-19: immediate predictors of individual resilience. Sustainability.2020;12:6495. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12166495
- Bonanno GAJAp. Loss, trauma, and human resilience: Have we underestimated the human capacity to thrive after extremely aversive events? Am Psychol.2004;59:20. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.59.1.20
- Bonanno GA, Ho SM, Chan JC, Kwong RS, Cheung CK, Wong CP, et al. Psychological resilience and dysfunction among hospitalized survivors of the SARS epidemic in Hong Kong: a latent class approach. Health Psychol.2008;27:659. https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-6133.27.5.659
- Lee Y-R, Lee J-Y, Kim J-M, Shin I-S, Yoon J-S, Kim S-WJPi. A comparative study of burnout, stress, and resilience among emotional workers. Psychiatry Investig.2019;16:686. https://doi.org/10.30773/pi.2019.07.10
- Dobson H, Malpas CB, Burrell AJ, Gurvich C, Chen L, Kulkarni Jet, et al. Burnout and psychological distress amongst Australian healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Australas Psychiatry. 2021;29:26-30. https://doi.org/10.1177/1039856220965045
- Spielberger CD. Theory and research on anxiety. Anxiety and behavior, 1966; 1:3.
- Samios C, Lisa MA, Amber KR. "The protective role of compassion satisfaction for therapists who work with sexual violence survivors: An application of the broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions." Anxiety Stress Coping. 2013;26:610-623. https://doi.org/10.1080/10615806.2013.784278
Evaluation of Anxiety, Burnout and Psychological Resilience Levels of Healthcare Workers in the COVID-19 Pandemic
Abstract
Purpose: The COVID-19 pandemic affects mental health as well as physical health. Many studies have shown that the pandemic has negative effects on the mental health of individuals. Determining the factors that play a role in the psychological resilience and burnout levels of healthcare workers, who are at the forefront of the pandemic, will play an important role in preventive and therapeutic planning in pandemic management. Our aim is to evaluate the anxiety-burnout levels and psychological resilience levels in healthcare workers and the factors affecting them.
Method:Sociodemographic data form, State-Trait Anxiety Scale (STAI), Connor-Davidson Psychological Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) and Maslach Burnout Inventory, were created in Google Documents and applied to the Healthcare workers via mail and message groups and social media groups. A total of 257 people were included in the study.
Results: In our study, high trait anxiety scores and increased working were associated with increased levels of burnout. Doctors and nurses showed more signs of burnout than auxiliary assistant staff. The emotional exhaustion and personal accomplishment were higher in females. Psychological resilience could predict personal accomplishment sub-dimension and total scores of MBI.
Conclusions: Healthcare workers are at risk for burnout. Working conditions should be regulated and psychosocial support programs should be established for healthcare workers who are at the forefront in pandemic.
References
- Hassanian-Moghaddam H, Zamani N, Kolahi A-AJCC. COVID-19 pandemic, healthcare providers' contamination, and death: an international view.Crit Care. 2020;24:1-2. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13054-020-02938-y
- Lima CKT, de Medeiros Carvalho PM, Lima IDAAS, de Oliveira Nunes JVA, Saraiva JS, de Souza RI. The emotional impact of Coronavirus 2019-nCoV (new Coronavirus disease). Psychiatry Res. 2020; 287, 112915. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40200-020-00643-9
- Guo J, Liao L, Wang B, Li X, Guo L, Tong Z, et al. Psychological effects of COVID-19 on hospital staff: a national cross-sectional survey of China mainland, Available at SSRN 3550050, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3550050
- Maslach C, Jackson SE, Leiter MP. Maslach burnout inventory manual. Mountain View. CA: Consulting Psychologists Press; 1996.
- Maslach C, Schaufeli W, Leiter M. Job Burnout. Annu Rev Psychol. 2001; 52, 397-422.
- Dewa CS, Loong D, Bonato S, Trojanowski L. The relationship between physician burnout and quality of healthcare in terms of safety and acceptability: a systematic review. BMJ Open. 2017;7:6, e015141. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2016-015141
- Hall LH, Johnson J, Watt I, TsipaA, O’ConnorDB. Healthcare staff wellbeing, burnout, and patient safety: a systematic review. PloS One. 2016; 11:7, e0159015. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0159015
- Spielberg C, Gorsuch R, Lushene R. Manual for the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Consulting Psychologist Press. Palo Alto. California; 1970.
- Öner N, Le Compte Va. State-trait anxiety inventory handbook. Bogazici University, Istanbul, Turkey;1985.
- Connor KM, Davidson JR. Development of a new resilience scale: The Connor‐Davidson resilience scale (CD‐RISC). Depress Anxiety. 2003;18:76-82. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.10113
- Karaırmak Ö. Establishing the psychometric qualities of the Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis in a trauma survivor sample. Psychiatry Res. 2010;179:350-356. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2009.09.012.
- Maslach C, Jackson SE. The measurement of experienced burnout. J Organ Behav. 1981;2:99-113. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.4030020205.
- Ergin C. Adaptation of burnout and maslach burnout scale in doctors and nurses. in 7 National Congress of Psychology, Association of Turkish Psychologists, Ankara1992. pp. 143-154.
- Restauri N, Sheridan, AD. Burnout and posttraumatic stress disorder in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic: intersection, impact, and interventions. J Am Coll Radiol. 2020;17(7), 921-926. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacr.2020.05.021
- Chover-Sierra E, Martínez-Sabater A, Lapeña-Moñux Y. Knowledge in palliative care of nursing professionals at a Spanish hospital. Rev Lat Am Enfermagem.2017;25. https://doi.org/10.1590/1518-8345.1610.2847
- Duarte I, Teixeira A, Castro L, Marina S, Ribeiro C, Jácome C, et al. Burnout among Portuguese healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. BMC Public Health,2020; 20: 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-09980-z
- Okwaraji F, Aguwa EJP. Burnout, Psychological Distress, and Job Satisfaction among Secondary School Teachers in Enugu, South East Nigeria. J Psychiatry. 2015; 18: 198. http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/Psychiatry.1000198
- Hu D, Kong Y, LiW, HanQ, Zhang X, Zhu LX, et al. Frontline nurses’ burnout, anxiety, depression, and fear statuses and their associated factors during the COVID-19 outbreak in Wuhan, China: A large-scale cross-sectional study. EClinicalMedicine. 2020; 24, 100424. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100424
- Weilenmann S, Ernst J, Petry H, Sazpinar O, Pfaltz MC, Gehrke S, et al. Health Care WorkersMental Health During the First Weeks of the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic in Switzerland: A Cross-Sectional Study. medRxiv. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.04.20088625
- Giusti EM, Pedroli E, D'Aniello GE, Badiale CS, Pietrabissa G, Manna C, et al. The psychological impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on health professionals: a cross-sectional study. Front Psychol.2020;11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01684
- Lai J, Ma S, Wang Y, Cai Z, Hu J, Wei N, et al. Factors associated with mental health outcomes among health care workers exposed to coronavirus disease 2019.JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3:e203976-e203976. https://doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.3976
- Tam CW, Pang EP, Lam LC, Chiu HFJPm. Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in Hong Kong in 2003: stress and psychological impact among frontline healthcare workers. Psychol Med.2004;34:1197. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291704002247
- Jalili M, Niroomand M, Hadavand F, Zeinali K, Fotouhi AJm. Burnout among healthcare professionals during COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study. medRxiv.2020. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.12.20129650
- Cutter SLJNh. The landscape of disaster resilience indicators in the USA. Nat Hazards.2016;80:741-758. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-015-1993-2
- Ferreira RJ, Cannon C, Buttell FJS. COVID-19: immediate predictors of individual resilience. Sustainability.2020;12:6495. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12166495
- Bonanno GAJAp. Loss, trauma, and human resilience: Have we underestimated the human capacity to thrive after extremely aversive events? Am Psychol.2004;59:20. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.59.1.20
- Bonanno GA, Ho SM, Chan JC, Kwong RS, Cheung CK, Wong CP, et al. Psychological resilience and dysfunction among hospitalized survivors of the SARS epidemic in Hong Kong: a latent class approach. Health Psychol.2008;27:659. https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-6133.27.5.659
- Lee Y-R, Lee J-Y, Kim J-M, Shin I-S, Yoon J-S, Kim S-WJPi. A comparative study of burnout, stress, and resilience among emotional workers. Psychiatry Investig.2019;16:686. https://doi.org/10.30773/pi.2019.07.10
- Dobson H, Malpas CB, Burrell AJ, Gurvich C, Chen L, Kulkarni Jet, et al. Burnout and psychological distress amongst Australian healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Australas Psychiatry. 2021;29:26-30. https://doi.org/10.1177/1039856220965045
- Spielberger CD. Theory and research on anxiety. Anxiety and behavior, 1966; 1:3.
- Samios C, Lisa MA, Amber KR. "The protective role of compassion satisfaction for therapists who work with sexual violence survivors: An application of the broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions." Anxiety Stress Coping. 2013;26:610-623. https://doi.org/10.1080/10615806.2013.784278
There are 31 citations in total.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Psychiatry |
| Journal Section | Research Article |
| Authors | |
| Early Pub Date | October 14, 2021 |
| Publication Date | January 1, 2022 |
| Submission Date | August 17, 2021 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2022Volume: 13 Issue: 1 |
