The Effect of Trust in Politicians and Perceptions of Macro Control on Attitudes towards Vaccines During the Covid-19 Pandemic Process

İbrahim Türkmen; Ramazan Rüçhan Kaya; Hale Ersan

doi:10.31067/acusaglik.1063491

Research Article

The Effect of Trust in Politicians and Perceptions of Macro Control on Attitudes towards Vaccines During the Covid-19 Pandemic Process

Year 2022, Volume: 13 Issue: 3, 450 - 456, 01.07.2022

İbrahim Türkmen Ramazan Rüçhan Kaya Hale Ersan

https://doi.org/10.31067/acusaglik.1063491

Abstract

Objective: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of trust in politicians and perceptions of macro control on positive and negative attitudes towards vaccines during the Covid-19 pandemic process.
Method: This is a cross-sectional field study. 1198 Turkish citizens at the age of 18 and over filled out an online questionnaire between May 6 and June 6, 2021. The questionnaire form consists of the scales of Trust in Politicians, Perception of Pandemic Macro Control, Attitudes towards Vaccines in addition to the demographic variables. In the analysis of the data, frequency, reliability, correlation, and regression analyzes were performed using the SPSS V.26 program, respectively.
Results: Trust in politicians during the pandemic process has a statistically significant and positive effect on the perception of pandemic macro control. While trust in politicians and perception of pandemic macro control have a statistically significant and positive effect on positive attitude towards vaccines, they have a negative effect on a negative attitude towards vaccines.
Conclusion: It was concluded that the trust in politicians and the perception of the adequacy of macro control measures taken by governments play an important role in people's adopting a positive attitude towards the developed vaccines to fight against the Covid-19, which has turned into a global pandemic.

Keywords

Trust in Politicians, Perception of Pandemic Macro Control, Attitudes towards Vaccines

Supporting Institution

Project Number

Thanks

References

1. CDC. Social Distancing: Keep a Safe Distance to Slow the Spread. Cenders for Disease Control and Prevention. 2020. (Accesed: 01.09.2021). Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/prevent-getting-sick/social-distancing.html.
2. Desai AN, Aronoff DM. Masks and Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). JAMA Patient Page. 2020; 323(20): 2103. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.6437.
3. Eikenberry SE, Mancuso M, Iboni E, Phan T, Eikenberry K, Kuang Y, . . . Gumel AB. To Mask or Not to Mask: Modeling the Potential for Face Mask Use by the General Public to Curtail the COVID-19 Pandemic. Infectious Disease Modelling. 2020; 5: 293-308. doi:10.1016/j.idm.2020.04.001.
4. Regalado A. What is Herd Immunity and can it Stop the Coronavirus? MIT Technology Review. 2020. (Accesed: 01.09.2021). Available from: https://www.technologyreview.com/2020/03/17/905244/what-is-herd-immunity-and-can-it-stop-the-coronavirus/.
5. Tirupathi R, Bharathidasan K, Palabindala V, Salim SA, Al-Tawfiq JA. Comprehensive Review of Mask Utility and Challenges during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Le Infezioni in Medicina. 2020; 28(suppl 1): 57-63.
6. Wnuk A, Oleksy T, Maison D. The Acceptance of Covid-19 Tracking Technologies: The Role of Perceived Threat, Lack of Control, and Ideological Beliefs. Plos One. 2020; 15(9): e0238973. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238973.
7. Van der Weerd W, Timmermans DR, Beaujean DJ, Oudhoff J, Van Steenbergen JE. Monitoring the Level of Government Trust, Risk Perception and Intention of the General Public to Adopt Protective Measures during the Influenza A (H1N1) Pandemic in the Netherlands. BMC public health. 2011; 11(1): 575. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-11-575.
8. Bish A, Michie S. Demographic and Attitudinal Determinants of Protective Behaviours during a Pandemic: A Review. British Journal of Health Psychology. 2010; 15(4): 797–824. doi:10.1348/135910710X485826.
9. Landau MJ, Kay AC, Whitson JA. Compensatory Control and the Appeal of a Structured World. Psychological Bulletin. 2015; 141(3): 694-722. doi: 10.1037/a0038703.
10. Kay AC, Whitson JA, Gaucher D, Galinsky AD. Compensatory Control: Achieving Order Through the Mind, Our Institutions, and the Heavens. Current Directions in Psychological Sicience. 2009; 18(5): 264-268. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8721.2009.01649.x.
11. Dubé E, Laberge C, Guay M, Bramadat P, Roy R, Bettinger JA. Vaccine Hesitancy. Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics. 2013; 9(8): 1763-1773. doi:10.4161/hv.24657.
12. WHO. Vaccines and Immunization. Health Topics. 2021. (Accesed: 01.09.2021). Available from: https://www.who.int/health-topics/vaccines-and-immunization#tab=tab_1.
13. WHO. (2021). COVID-19 Advice for the Public: Getting Vaccinated. 2021. (Accesed: 01.09.2021). Available from: https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/covid-19-vaccines/advice#.
14. Sağlık Bakanlığı. Sıkça Sorulan Sorular. T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı Covid-19 Aşısı Bilgilendirme Platformu. 2021. (Accesed: 01.09.2021). Available from: https://covid19asi.saglik.gov.tr/TR-77694/sikca-sorulan-sorular.html.
15. Kaya Ç, Başkaya E, Solmaz P. (2021). Determining Individuals' Opinious About Covid-19 Disease and Vaccines and Evaluation of Covid-19 Phobia. In: Polat M, Dönmez S, editors. Proceedings of the 4th International Health Science and Life Congress 2021 April 8-10; Burdur/Turkey; 2021. pp. 334. Available from: https://ihslc.mehmetakif.edu.tr/files/ozet-kitabi-2021-20-05.pdf.
16. Yiğit M, Özkaya-Parlakay A, Senel E. Evaluation of COVID-19 Vaccine Refusal in Parents. The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal. 2021; 40(4): e134-e136. doi: 10.1097/INF.0000000000003042.
17. Majid U, Ahmad M. The Factors that Promote Vaccine Hesitancy, Rejection, or Delay in Parents. Qualitative Health Research. 2020; 30(11): 1762-1776. doi:10.1177/1049732320933863.
18. Taylor S, Landry CA, Paluszek MM, Groenewoud R, Rachor GS, Asmundson GJ. A Proactive Approach for Managing COVID-19: The Importance of Understanding the Motivational Roots of Vaccination Hesitancy for SARS-CoV2. Frontiers in Psychology. 2020; 11: 575950. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.575950.
19. Özceylan G, Toprak D, Esen ES. Vaccine Rejection and Hesitation in Turkey. Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics. 2020; 16(5): 1034-1039. doi:10.1080/21645515.2020.1717182.
20. Meharry PM, Colson ER, Grizas AP, Stiller R, Va´zquez M. Reasons Why Women Accept or Reject the Trivalent Inactivated Influenza Vaccine (TIV) During Pregnancy. Maternal and Child Health Journal. 2013; 17(1): 156-164. doi: 10.1007/s10995-012-0957-3.
21. Boukes M, Boomgaarden HG. Politician Seeking Voter: How Interviews on Entertainment Talk Shows Affect Trust in Politicians. International Journal of Communication. 2016; 10: 1145-1166.
22. Çırakoğlu OC. Domuz Gribi (H1N1) Salgınıyla İlişkili Algıların, Kaygı ve Kaçınma Düzeyi Değişkenleri Bağlamında İncelenmesi. Türk Psikoloji Dergisi. 2011; 26(67): 49-64.
23. Nunnally JC, Bernstein IH. Psychometric Theory. Third Edition. New York: McGraw-Hill; 1994.
24. Tabachnick BG, Fidell L. Using Multivariate Statistics. Six Edition. Boston: Pearson; 2013.
25. Hair JJ, Black WC, Babin, BJ, Anderson RE. Multivariate Data Analysis. Seventh Edition. Harlow: Pearson Education Limited; 2014.
26. Helsingen LM, Refsum E, Gjostein DK, Loberg M, Bretthauer M, Kalager M, Emilson L. The COVID-19 Pandemic in Norway and Sweden – Threats, Trust, and Impact on Daily Life: A Comparative Survey. BMC Public Health. 2020; 20 (1597): 1-10. doi: 10.1186/s12889-020-09615-3.
27. Abrams D, Travaglino GA. Immigration, Political Trust, and Brexit – Testing an Aversion Amplification Hypothesis. British Journal of Social Psychology. 2018; 57: 310–326. doi: 10.1111/bjso.12233.
28. Lazarus JV, Ratzan SC, Palayew A, Gostin LO, Larson HJ, Rabin, K, . . . El-Mohandes A. A Global Survey of Potential Acceptance of a COVID-19 Vaccine. Nature Medicine. 2020; 27(2): 225-228. doi:10.1038/s41591-020-1124-9.
29. Quinn S, Jamison A, Musa D, Hilyard K, Freimuth V. Exploring the Continuum of Vaccine Hesitancy Between African American and White Adults: Results of a Qualitative Study. PLoS Current. 2016; 29(8): 28239512. doi: 10.1371/currents.outbreaks.3e4a5ea39d8620494e2a2c874a3c4201.
30. Baumgaertner B, Carlisle JE, Justwan F. The Influence of Political Ideology and Trust on Willingness to Vaccinate. PLOS ONE. 2018; 13(1): e0191728. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0191728.
31. Fridman A, Gershon R, Gneezy A. COVID-19 and Vaccine Hesitancy: A Longitudinal Study. PLOS ONE. 2021; 16(4): e0250123. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0250123.
32. Criss S, Nguyen TT, Norton S, Virani I, Titherington E, Tillmanns EL, . . . Gee GC. Advocacy, Hesitancy, and Equity: Exploring U.S. Race-Related Discussions of the COVID-19 Vaccine on Twitter. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18: 5693. doi:10.3390/ ijerph18115693.

Year 2022, Volume: 13 Issue: 3, 450 - 456, 01.07.2022

İbrahim Türkmen Ramazan Rüçhan Kaya Hale Ersan

https://doi.org/10.31067/acusaglik.1063491

Abstract

Project Number

References

1. CDC. Social Distancing: Keep a Safe Distance to Slow the Spread. Cenders for Disease Control and Prevention. 2020. (Accesed: 01.09.2021). Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/prevent-getting-sick/social-distancing.html.
2. Desai AN, Aronoff DM. Masks and Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). JAMA Patient Page. 2020; 323(20): 2103. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.6437.
3. Eikenberry SE, Mancuso M, Iboni E, Phan T, Eikenberry K, Kuang Y, . . . Gumel AB. To Mask or Not to Mask: Modeling the Potential for Face Mask Use by the General Public to Curtail the COVID-19 Pandemic. Infectious Disease Modelling. 2020; 5: 293-308. doi:10.1016/j.idm.2020.04.001.
4. Regalado A. What is Herd Immunity and can it Stop the Coronavirus? MIT Technology Review. 2020. (Accesed: 01.09.2021). Available from: https://www.technologyreview.com/2020/03/17/905244/what-is-herd-immunity-and-can-it-stop-the-coronavirus/.
5. Tirupathi R, Bharathidasan K, Palabindala V, Salim SA, Al-Tawfiq JA. Comprehensive Review of Mask Utility and Challenges during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Le Infezioni in Medicina. 2020; 28(suppl 1): 57-63.
6. Wnuk A, Oleksy T, Maison D. The Acceptance of Covid-19 Tracking Technologies: The Role of Perceived Threat, Lack of Control, and Ideological Beliefs. Plos One. 2020; 15(9): e0238973. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238973.
7. Van der Weerd W, Timmermans DR, Beaujean DJ, Oudhoff J, Van Steenbergen JE. Monitoring the Level of Government Trust, Risk Perception and Intention of the General Public to Adopt Protective Measures during the Influenza A (H1N1) Pandemic in the Netherlands. BMC public health. 2011; 11(1): 575. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-11-575.
8. Bish A, Michie S. Demographic and Attitudinal Determinants of Protective Behaviours during a Pandemic: A Review. British Journal of Health Psychology. 2010; 15(4): 797–824. doi:10.1348/135910710X485826.
9. Landau MJ, Kay AC, Whitson JA. Compensatory Control and the Appeal of a Structured World. Psychological Bulletin. 2015; 141(3): 694-722. doi: 10.1037/a0038703.
10. Kay AC, Whitson JA, Gaucher D, Galinsky AD. Compensatory Control: Achieving Order Through the Mind, Our Institutions, and the Heavens. Current Directions in Psychological Sicience. 2009; 18(5): 264-268. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8721.2009.01649.x.
11. Dubé E, Laberge C, Guay M, Bramadat P, Roy R, Bettinger JA. Vaccine Hesitancy. Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics. 2013; 9(8): 1763-1773. doi:10.4161/hv.24657.
12. WHO. Vaccines and Immunization. Health Topics. 2021. (Accesed: 01.09.2021). Available from: https://www.who.int/health-topics/vaccines-and-immunization#tab=tab_1.
13. WHO. (2021). COVID-19 Advice for the Public: Getting Vaccinated. 2021. (Accesed: 01.09.2021). Available from: https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/covid-19-vaccines/advice#.
14. Sağlık Bakanlığı. Sıkça Sorulan Sorular. T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı Covid-19 Aşısı Bilgilendirme Platformu. 2021. (Accesed: 01.09.2021). Available from: https://covid19asi.saglik.gov.tr/TR-77694/sikca-sorulan-sorular.html.
15. Kaya Ç, Başkaya E, Solmaz P. (2021). Determining Individuals' Opinious About Covid-19 Disease and Vaccines and Evaluation of Covid-19 Phobia. In: Polat M, Dönmez S, editors. Proceedings of the 4th International Health Science and Life Congress 2021 April 8-10; Burdur/Turkey; 2021. pp. 334. Available from: https://ihslc.mehmetakif.edu.tr/files/ozet-kitabi-2021-20-05.pdf.
16. Yiğit M, Özkaya-Parlakay A, Senel E. Evaluation of COVID-19 Vaccine Refusal in Parents. The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal. 2021; 40(4): e134-e136. doi: 10.1097/INF.0000000000003042.
17. Majid U, Ahmad M. The Factors that Promote Vaccine Hesitancy, Rejection, or Delay in Parents. Qualitative Health Research. 2020; 30(11): 1762-1776. doi:10.1177/1049732320933863.
18. Taylor S, Landry CA, Paluszek MM, Groenewoud R, Rachor GS, Asmundson GJ. A Proactive Approach for Managing COVID-19: The Importance of Understanding the Motivational Roots of Vaccination Hesitancy for SARS-CoV2. Frontiers in Psychology. 2020; 11: 575950. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.575950.
19. Özceylan G, Toprak D, Esen ES. Vaccine Rejection and Hesitation in Turkey. Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics. 2020; 16(5): 1034-1039. doi:10.1080/21645515.2020.1717182.
20. Meharry PM, Colson ER, Grizas AP, Stiller R, Va´zquez M. Reasons Why Women Accept or Reject the Trivalent Inactivated Influenza Vaccine (TIV) During Pregnancy. Maternal and Child Health Journal. 2013; 17(1): 156-164. doi: 10.1007/s10995-012-0957-3.
21. Boukes M, Boomgaarden HG. Politician Seeking Voter: How Interviews on Entertainment Talk Shows Affect Trust in Politicians. International Journal of Communication. 2016; 10: 1145-1166.
22. Çırakoğlu OC. Domuz Gribi (H1N1) Salgınıyla İlişkili Algıların, Kaygı ve Kaçınma Düzeyi Değişkenleri Bağlamında İncelenmesi. Türk Psikoloji Dergisi. 2011; 26(67): 49-64.
23. Nunnally JC, Bernstein IH. Psychometric Theory. Third Edition. New York: McGraw-Hill; 1994.
24. Tabachnick BG, Fidell L. Using Multivariate Statistics. Six Edition. Boston: Pearson; 2013.
25. Hair JJ, Black WC, Babin, BJ, Anderson RE. Multivariate Data Analysis. Seventh Edition. Harlow: Pearson Education Limited; 2014.
26. Helsingen LM, Refsum E, Gjostein DK, Loberg M, Bretthauer M, Kalager M, Emilson L. The COVID-19 Pandemic in Norway and Sweden – Threats, Trust, and Impact on Daily Life: A Comparative Survey. BMC Public Health. 2020; 20 (1597): 1-10. doi: 10.1186/s12889-020-09615-3.
27. Abrams D, Travaglino GA. Immigration, Political Trust, and Brexit – Testing an Aversion Amplification Hypothesis. British Journal of Social Psychology. 2018; 57: 310–326. doi: 10.1111/bjso.12233.
28. Lazarus JV, Ratzan SC, Palayew A, Gostin LO, Larson HJ, Rabin, K, . . . El-Mohandes A. A Global Survey of Potential Acceptance of a COVID-19 Vaccine. Nature Medicine. 2020; 27(2): 225-228. doi:10.1038/s41591-020-1124-9.
29. Quinn S, Jamison A, Musa D, Hilyard K, Freimuth V. Exploring the Continuum of Vaccine Hesitancy Between African American and White Adults: Results of a Qualitative Study. PLoS Current. 2016; 29(8): 28239512. doi: 10.1371/currents.outbreaks.3e4a5ea39d8620494e2a2c874a3c4201.
30. Baumgaertner B, Carlisle JE, Justwan F. The Influence of Political Ideology and Trust on Willingness to Vaccinate. PLOS ONE. 2018; 13(1): e0191728. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0191728.
31. Fridman A, Gershon R, Gneezy A. COVID-19 and Vaccine Hesitancy: A Longitudinal Study. PLOS ONE. 2021; 16(4): e0250123. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0250123.
32. Criss S, Nguyen TT, Norton S, Virani I, Titherington E, Tillmanns EL, . . . Gee GC. Advocacy, Hesitancy, and Equity: Exploring U.S. Race-Related Discussions of the COVID-19 Vaccine on Twitter. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18: 5693. doi:10.3390/ ijerph18115693.

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Details

Primary Language	English
Subjects	Health Policy
Journal Section	Research Article
Authors	İbrahim Türkmen 0000-0002-1558-0736 Ramazan Rüçhan Kaya 0000-0001-6520-1848 Hale Ersan 0000-0002-7042-3186
Project Number	-
Publication Date	July 1, 2022
Submission Date	January 26, 2022
Published in Issue	Year 2022Volume: 13 Issue: 3

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EndNote	Türkmen İ, Kaya RR, Ersan H (July 1, 2022) The Effect of Trust in Politicians and Perceptions of Macro Control on Attitudes towards Vaccines During the Covid-19 Pandemic Process. Acıbadem Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 13 3 450–456.

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