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Tip I kompleks bölgesel ağrı sendromunda elektromanyetik alan tedavisinin etkinliği: rastgele kontrollü çalışma

Year 2018, Volume: 5 Issue: 1, 9 - 18, 04.06.2018

Abstract

Amaç:Bu çalışmanın amacı, elektromanyetik alan terapisinin (EAT) üst ekstremite Tip 1 Kompleks Bölgesel Ağrı Sendromu (KBAS-1) olan bireylerde ağrı, kinezyofobi ve fonksiyonellik üzerine etkinliğini araştırmaktı.

Yöntem:Kırk iki birey randomize olarak EAT (N=21) veya plasebo EAT (p-EAT) (N=21) gruplarına dahil edildi. Çalışmanın başlangıcında bireylerin demografik ve klinik özellikleri açısından gruplar arasında fark tespit edilmedi. EAT grubu 100 Gauss yoğunluğu ve 50 Hz frekansı ve p-EAT grubu aynı cihazla ancak cihaz kapalı olarak plasebo tedavisi ile tedavi edildi. Tedavi, 6 hafta boyunca haftada 5 kez, günde bir kez 60 dakika uygulandı. Her iki gruba germe ve eklem hareket açıklığı (EHA) egzersizlerini içeren fizyoterapi programı uygulandı. Ağrı görsel analog skala (GAS) ile , EHA gonyometre ve parmak ucu-distal palmar kıvrım arasındaki mesafe ile, kinezyofobi Tampa kinezyofobi ölçeği ile, kavrama kuvveti el dinamometresi ile, ödem sekiz şekilli yöntem ile ve fonksiyonel beceriler ise ve kol omuz ve el sorunları anketi-hızlı (Q-DASH) formu ile değerlendirildi.

Bulgular: Her iki grupta da tüm sonuç değişkenlerinde anlamlı gelişmeler gözlendi (p<0,05). Ancak bu gelişmeler EAT grubunda ağrı GAS, el bileği fleksiyon-EHA, el bileği ekstansiyon-EHA, parmak ucu-distal palmar kıvrım mesafesi, Tampa kinezyofobi ölçeği, kavrama kuvveti, ödem ve Q-DASH açısından anlamlı derecede daha yüksek olduğu bulundu (p<0,05).

Tartışma: KBAS-1’in tedavisinde, ağrı, kinezyofobi ve ödemi azaltmak ve fonksiyonel becerileri, kavrama kuvvetini ve eklem hareket açıklığını artırmak için EAT kullanılabilir.

References

  • 1. Sohn H-S, Lee D-H, Lee K-J, et al. Impaired Empathic Abilities among Patients with Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (Type I). Psychiatry Investig. 2016;13:34-42.
  • 2. Daly AE, Bialocerkowski AE. Does evidence support physiotherapy management of adult Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Type One? A systematic review. Eur J Pain. 2009;13:339-353.
  • 3. Harden RN, Oaklander AL, Burton AW, et al. Complex regional pain syndrome: practical diagnostic and treatment guidelines. Pain Med. 2013;14:180-229.
  • 4. Lukovic TZ, Ristic B, Jovanovic Z, et al. Complex regional pain syndrome type I in the upper extremity-how efficient physical therapy and rehabilitation are. Med Glas (Zenica). 2012;9:334-340.
  • 5. Cossins L, Okell R, Cameron H, et al. Treatment of complex regional pain syndrome in adults: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials published from June 2000 to February 2012. Eur J Pain. 2013;17:158-173.
  • 6. Oerlemans HM, Oostendorp RA, de Boo T, et al. Adjuvant physical therapy versus occupational therapy in patients with reflex sympathetic dystrophy/complex regional pain syndrome type I. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2000;81:49-56.
  • 7. Durmus A, Cakmak A, Disci R, et al. The efficiency of electromagnetic field treatment in Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Type I. Disabil Rehabil. 2004;26:537-545.
  • 8. Sert C, Mustafa D, Düz MZ, et al. The preventive effect on bone loss of 50-Hz, 1-mT electromagnetic field in ovariectomized rats. J Bone Miner Metab. 2002;20:345-349.
  • 9. Pilla AA. Low-intensity electromagnetic and mechanical modulation of bone growth and repair: are they equivalent? J Orthop Sci. 2002;7:420-428.
  • 10. Harden RN, Bruehl S, Stanton-Hicks M, et al. Proposed new diagnostic criteria for complex regional pain syndrome. Pain Med. 2007;8:326-331.
  • 11. Doig GS, Simpson F. Randomization and allocation concealment: a practical guide for researchers. J Crit Care. 2005;20:187-191.
  • 12. van de Meent H, Oerlemans M, Bruggeman A, et al. Safety of “pain exposure” physical therapy in patients with complex regional pain syndrome type 1. Pain. 2011;152:1431-1438.
  • 13. McCabe C, Haigh R, Ring E, et al. A controlled pilot study of the utility of mirror visual feedback in the treatment of complex regional pain syndrome (type 1). Rheumatology. 2003;42:97-101.
  • 14. LaStayo PC, Wheeler DL. Reliability of passive wrist flexion and extension goniometric measurements: a multicenter study. Phys Ther. 1994;74:162-173.
  • 15. Askin A, Savas S, Koyuncuoglu HR, et al. Low dose high frequency ultrasound therapy for stellate ganglion blockade in complex regional pain syndrome type I: a randomised placebo controlled trial. Int J Clin Exp Med. 2014;7:5603-5611.
  • 16. Leard JS, Breglio L, Fraga L, et al. Reliability and concurrent validity of the figure-of-eight method of measuring hand size in patients with hand pathology. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2004;34:335-340.
  • 17. Pellecchia GL. Figure-of-eight method of measuring hand size:: reliability and concurrent validity. J Hand Ther. 2003;16:300-304.
  • 18. Maihafer GC, Llewellyn MA, Pillar WJ, et al. A comparison of the figure-of-eight method and water volumetry in measurement of hand and wrist size.J Hand Ther. 2003;16:305-310.
  • 19. Miller RP, Kori SH, Todd DD. The Tampa Scale: a Measure of Kinesophobia. Clin J Pain. 1991;7:51.
  • 20. Yılmaz T, Yakut Y, Uygur F. Turkish version of the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia and its test-retest reliability. Physiother Rehabil. 2011;22:44-49.
  • 21. Duger T, Yakut E, Oksuz C, et al. Reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) Questionnaire. Physiother Rehabil. 2006;17:99-107.
  • 22. Hudak PL, Amadio PC, Bombardier C, et al. Development of an upper extremity outcome measure: the DASH (Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand). Am J Ind Med. 1996;29:602-608.
  • 23. Mathiowetz V, Weber K, Volland G, et al. Reliability and validity of grip and pinch strength evaluations. J Hand Surg Br. 1984;9:222-226.
  • 24. Altman D. Practical statistics for medical research. 1st ed. Chapman & Hall: London; 1991.
  • 25. de Vet HC, Terwee CB, Bouter LM. Current challenges in clinimetrics. J Clin Epidemiol. 2003;56:1137-1141.
  • 26. Correll GE, Maleki J, Gracely EJ, et al. Subanesthetic ketamine infusion therapy: a retrospective analysis of a novel therapeutic approach to complex regional pain syndrome. Pain Med. 2004;5:263-275.
  • 27. Ghai B, Dureja GP. Complex regional pain syndrome: a review. J Postgrad Med. 2004;50:300-307.
  • 28. Bilgili A, Çakır T, Doğan ŞK, et al. The effectiveness of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation in the management of patients with complex regional pain syndrome: A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled prospective study. J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil. 2016;29:661-671.
  • 29. Pleger B, Tegenthoff M, Ragert P, et al. Sensorimotor returning in complex regional pain syndrome parallels pain reduction. Ann Neurol. 2005;57:425-429.
  • 30. Singh G, Willen SN, Boswell MV, et al. The value of interdisciplinary pain management in complex regional pain syndrome type I: a prospective outcome study. Pain Physician. 2004;7:203-210.
  • 31. Moseley GL. Graded motor imagery for pathologic pain A randomized controlled trial. Neurology. 2006;67:2129-2134.
  • 32. Morris CE, Skalak TC. Acute exposure to a moderate strength static magnetic field reduces edema formation in rats. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2008;294:H50-H57.
  • 33. Rumbaut RE, Mirkovic D. Magnetic therapy for edema in inflammation: a physiological assessment. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2008;294:H19-H20.
  • 34. de Jong JR, Vlaeyen JW, Onghena P, et al. Reduction of pain-related fear in complex regional pain syndrome type I: the application of graded exposure in vivo. Pain. 2005;116:264-275.
  • 35. Zyluk A. The sequelae of reflex sympathetic dystrophy. J Hand Surg Br. 2001;26:151-154.
  • 36. Barnhoorn KJ, van de Meent H, van Dongen RT, et al. Pain exposure physical therapy (PEPT) compared to conventional treatment in complex regional pain syndrome type 1: a randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open. 2015;5:e008283.
  • 37. Atalay NS, Ercidogan O, Akkaya N, et al. Prednisolone in complex regional pain syndrome. Pain Physician. 2014;17:179-185.
  • 38. Devrimsel G, Turkyilmaz AK, Yildirim M, et al. The effects of whirlpool bath and neuromuscular electrical stimulation on complex regional pain syndrome. J Phys Ther Sci. 2015;27:27-30.
  • 39. Lagueux E, Charest J, Lefrancois-Caron E, et al. Modified graded motor imagery for complex regional pain syndrome type 1 of the upper extremity in the acute phase: a patient series. Int J Rehabil Res. 2012;35:138-145.
  • 40. de Mos M, De Bruijn A, Huygen F, et al. The incidence of complex regional pain syndrome: a population-based study. Pain. 2007;129:12-20

Effectiveness of Electromagnetic Field Therapy in Upper Extremity Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Type I: a randomized controlled study

Year 2018, Volume: 5 Issue: 1, 9 - 18, 04.06.2018

Abstract

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate effectiveness of electromagnetic field therapy (EMFT) on pain, kinesiophobia and functionality in individuals with upper extremity Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Type-1 (CRPS-1).

Methods: Forty-two individuals were randomly assigned into either EMFT (N=21) or placebo EMFT (p-EMFT) (N=21) groups. There was no statistical difference between the groups in terms of the demographic and clinical characteristics of the cases at the baseline. The EMFT group was treated with 100 Gauss intensity and 50 Hz frequency and p-EMFT group received placebo treatment with same device being turned off. The treatment was applied 60 minutes, once a day, five times a week, for 6 weeks. Physiotherapy program including stretching and range of motion (ROM) exercises were applied for both groups. Pain (visual analogue scale (VAS)), ROM (goniometer and fingertip-to-distal palmar crease distance), kinesiophobia (Tampa scale of kinesiophobia), grip strength (hand dynamometer), edema (figure-of-eight method), and functional ability (Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (Q-DASH) scale) were assessed.

Results: Significant improvements were observed in all outcome variables (p<0.05) in both groups. However these improvements were found to be significantly greater in EMFT group regarding pain, wrist flexion-ROM, wrist extension-ROM, fingertip-to-distal palmar crease distance, Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia, grip strength, edema, and Q-DASH (p<0.05).

Conclusions: EMFT may use as a treatment option to reduce pain, kinesiophobia and edema, and to improve functional ability, grip strength and ROM in treatment of CRPS-1.

References

  • 1. Sohn H-S, Lee D-H, Lee K-J, et al. Impaired Empathic Abilities among Patients with Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (Type I). Psychiatry Investig. 2016;13:34-42.
  • 2. Daly AE, Bialocerkowski AE. Does evidence support physiotherapy management of adult Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Type One? A systematic review. Eur J Pain. 2009;13:339-353.
  • 3. Harden RN, Oaklander AL, Burton AW, et al. Complex regional pain syndrome: practical diagnostic and treatment guidelines. Pain Med. 2013;14:180-229.
  • 4. Lukovic TZ, Ristic B, Jovanovic Z, et al. Complex regional pain syndrome type I in the upper extremity-how efficient physical therapy and rehabilitation are. Med Glas (Zenica). 2012;9:334-340.
  • 5. Cossins L, Okell R, Cameron H, et al. Treatment of complex regional pain syndrome in adults: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials published from June 2000 to February 2012. Eur J Pain. 2013;17:158-173.
  • 6. Oerlemans HM, Oostendorp RA, de Boo T, et al. Adjuvant physical therapy versus occupational therapy in patients with reflex sympathetic dystrophy/complex regional pain syndrome type I. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2000;81:49-56.
  • 7. Durmus A, Cakmak A, Disci R, et al. The efficiency of electromagnetic field treatment in Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Type I. Disabil Rehabil. 2004;26:537-545.
  • 8. Sert C, Mustafa D, Düz MZ, et al. The preventive effect on bone loss of 50-Hz, 1-mT electromagnetic field in ovariectomized rats. J Bone Miner Metab. 2002;20:345-349.
  • 9. Pilla AA. Low-intensity electromagnetic and mechanical modulation of bone growth and repair: are they equivalent? J Orthop Sci. 2002;7:420-428.
  • 10. Harden RN, Bruehl S, Stanton-Hicks M, et al. Proposed new diagnostic criteria for complex regional pain syndrome. Pain Med. 2007;8:326-331.
  • 11. Doig GS, Simpson F. Randomization and allocation concealment: a practical guide for researchers. J Crit Care. 2005;20:187-191.
  • 12. van de Meent H, Oerlemans M, Bruggeman A, et al. Safety of “pain exposure” physical therapy in patients with complex regional pain syndrome type 1. Pain. 2011;152:1431-1438.
  • 13. McCabe C, Haigh R, Ring E, et al. A controlled pilot study of the utility of mirror visual feedback in the treatment of complex regional pain syndrome (type 1). Rheumatology. 2003;42:97-101.
  • 14. LaStayo PC, Wheeler DL. Reliability of passive wrist flexion and extension goniometric measurements: a multicenter study. Phys Ther. 1994;74:162-173.
  • 15. Askin A, Savas S, Koyuncuoglu HR, et al. Low dose high frequency ultrasound therapy for stellate ganglion blockade in complex regional pain syndrome type I: a randomised placebo controlled trial. Int J Clin Exp Med. 2014;7:5603-5611.
  • 16. Leard JS, Breglio L, Fraga L, et al. Reliability and concurrent validity of the figure-of-eight method of measuring hand size in patients with hand pathology. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2004;34:335-340.
  • 17. Pellecchia GL. Figure-of-eight method of measuring hand size:: reliability and concurrent validity. J Hand Ther. 2003;16:300-304.
  • 18. Maihafer GC, Llewellyn MA, Pillar WJ, et al. A comparison of the figure-of-eight method and water volumetry in measurement of hand and wrist size.J Hand Ther. 2003;16:305-310.
  • 19. Miller RP, Kori SH, Todd DD. The Tampa Scale: a Measure of Kinesophobia. Clin J Pain. 1991;7:51.
  • 20. Yılmaz T, Yakut Y, Uygur F. Turkish version of the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia and its test-retest reliability. Physiother Rehabil. 2011;22:44-49.
  • 21. Duger T, Yakut E, Oksuz C, et al. Reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) Questionnaire. Physiother Rehabil. 2006;17:99-107.
  • 22. Hudak PL, Amadio PC, Bombardier C, et al. Development of an upper extremity outcome measure: the DASH (Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand). Am J Ind Med. 1996;29:602-608.
  • 23. Mathiowetz V, Weber K, Volland G, et al. Reliability and validity of grip and pinch strength evaluations. J Hand Surg Br. 1984;9:222-226.
  • 24. Altman D. Practical statistics for medical research. 1st ed. Chapman & Hall: London; 1991.
  • 25. de Vet HC, Terwee CB, Bouter LM. Current challenges in clinimetrics. J Clin Epidemiol. 2003;56:1137-1141.
  • 26. Correll GE, Maleki J, Gracely EJ, et al. Subanesthetic ketamine infusion therapy: a retrospective analysis of a novel therapeutic approach to complex regional pain syndrome. Pain Med. 2004;5:263-275.
  • 27. Ghai B, Dureja GP. Complex regional pain syndrome: a review. J Postgrad Med. 2004;50:300-307.
  • 28. Bilgili A, Çakır T, Doğan ŞK, et al. The effectiveness of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation in the management of patients with complex regional pain syndrome: A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled prospective study. J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil. 2016;29:661-671.
  • 29. Pleger B, Tegenthoff M, Ragert P, et al. Sensorimotor returning in complex regional pain syndrome parallels pain reduction. Ann Neurol. 2005;57:425-429.
  • 30. Singh G, Willen SN, Boswell MV, et al. The value of interdisciplinary pain management in complex regional pain syndrome type I: a prospective outcome study. Pain Physician. 2004;7:203-210.
  • 31. Moseley GL. Graded motor imagery for pathologic pain A randomized controlled trial. Neurology. 2006;67:2129-2134.
  • 32. Morris CE, Skalak TC. Acute exposure to a moderate strength static magnetic field reduces edema formation in rats. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2008;294:H50-H57.
  • 33. Rumbaut RE, Mirkovic D. Magnetic therapy for edema in inflammation: a physiological assessment. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2008;294:H19-H20.
  • 34. de Jong JR, Vlaeyen JW, Onghena P, et al. Reduction of pain-related fear in complex regional pain syndrome type I: the application of graded exposure in vivo. Pain. 2005;116:264-275.
  • 35. Zyluk A. The sequelae of reflex sympathetic dystrophy. J Hand Surg Br. 2001;26:151-154.
  • 36. Barnhoorn KJ, van de Meent H, van Dongen RT, et al. Pain exposure physical therapy (PEPT) compared to conventional treatment in complex regional pain syndrome type 1: a randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open. 2015;5:e008283.
  • 37. Atalay NS, Ercidogan O, Akkaya N, et al. Prednisolone in complex regional pain syndrome. Pain Physician. 2014;17:179-185.
  • 38. Devrimsel G, Turkyilmaz AK, Yildirim M, et al. The effects of whirlpool bath and neuromuscular electrical stimulation on complex regional pain syndrome. J Phys Ther Sci. 2015;27:27-30.
  • 39. Lagueux E, Charest J, Lefrancois-Caron E, et al. Modified graded motor imagery for complex regional pain syndrome type 1 of the upper extremity in the acute phase: a patient series. Int J Rehabil Res. 2012;35:138-145.
  • 40. de Mos M, De Bruijn A, Huygen F, et al. The incidence of complex regional pain syndrome: a population-based study. Pain. 2007;129:12-20
There are 40 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Öznur Büyükturan 0000-0002-1163-9972

Buket Büyükturan This is me

Emine Eda Kurt This is me

Publication Date June 4, 2018
Submission Date December 12, 2017
Published in Issue Year 2018 Volume: 5 Issue: 1

Cite

Vancouver Büyükturan Ö, Büyükturan B, Kurt EE. Effectiveness of Electromagnetic Field Therapy in Upper Extremity Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Type I: a randomized controlled study. JETR. 2018;5(1):9-18.