Perceived Stress, Breastfeeding Motivation and Breastfeeding Success among Mothers with Newborn Infants’ Hospitalization in the Neonatal Unit

Ayşe Şener Taplak; Yeter Şener

doi:10.38136/jgon.1055476

Research Article

Perceived Stress, Breastfeeding Motivation and Breastfeeding Success among Mothers with Newborn Infants’ Hospitalization in the Neonatal Unit

Year 2023, Volume: 20 Issue: 2, 1707 - 1717, 03.07.2023

Ayşe Şener Taplak Yeter Şener

https://doi.org/10.38136/jgon.1055476

Abstract

Aim: This research aimed to determine perceived stress, breastfeeding motivation, and breastfeeding success and to reveal the relationship between them, among mothers with newborn infants’ hospitalization in the neonatal unit.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study sampling consisted of 128 term newborn’s mothers. After obtaining the necessary permissions data were collected via introductory characteristics form, perceived stress scale, breastfeeding motivation scale, and LATCH breastfeeding assesment scale. Descriptive statistical analyzes, Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis, Dunn-Bonferroni, and Spearman correlation analysis were used for data analysis. P< 0.05 was considered statistically significant in all analyses.
Results: In this sample, the perceived stress was higher among primiparous mothers with newborn infant in the neonatal unit, who were older age, primary and high school graduates, nonworking, who did not receive prenatal breastfeeding training, and started breastfeeding immediately after birth. Breastfeeding motivation was higher among young mothers, university graduates, working, mothers with a planned pregnancy, and who received prenatal breastfeeding training. The results also showed that mothers who graduated from high school and university, whose pregnancy was planned, and who received prenatal breastfeeding training had higher LATCH scale scores. As perceived stress decreased, breastfeeding motivation and breastfeeding success increased, in this study (p<0.05). A correlation was found between breastfeeding motivation and breastfeeding success (p<0.05).
Conclusion: It is recommended that neonatal nurses plan and implement training and intervention studies to reduce the stress levels of mothers whose newborn infants are hospitalized in the neonatal unit and to increase their breastfeeding motivation.

Keywords

Neonates, mother, breastfeeding, stress, motivation

References

1. World Health Organization. (WHO). Implementation guidance: protecting, promoting and supporting breastfeeding in facilities providing maternity and newborn services – the revised Baby-friendly Hospital Initiative. Geneva: World Health Organization 2018. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
2. Victora CG, Bahl R, Barros AJ, et al. Breastfeeding in the 21st century: epidemiology, mechanisms, and lifelong effect. Lancet 2016;387(10017):475-490. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(15)01024-7
3. Keklikçi Y, Dorum BA, Vatansever A. Stress levels of parents of ınfants in the neonatal ıntensive care unit and coping methods. Van Med J. 2020; 27(2): 160-165. doi: 10.5505/vtd.2020.50465
4. Küçükoğlu S, Aytekin A, Gülhaş NF. Identifying the needs of mothers whose babies were admitted to neonatal intensive care units. Hemşirelikte Eğitim ve Araştırma Dergisi 2015;12 (3): 182-188.
5. Chourasia N, Surianarayanan P, Adhisivam B, Vishnu Bhat B. NICU admissions and maternal stress levels. Indian J Pediatr. 2013;80(5):380-384. doi:10.1007/s12098-012-0921-7.
6. Fotiou C, Vlastarakos PV, Bakoula C, et al. Parental stress management using relaxation techniques in a neonatal intensive care unit: A randomised controlled trial. Intensive Crit Care Nurs. 2016;32:20-28. doi:10.1016/j.iccn.2015.08.006.
7. Altuntas N. How hospitalization in the neonatal intensive care unit affects the breastfeeding process? Pam Med J 2020;13:579-586. doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.31362/patd.670659.
8. Yenal K, Okumuş H. Reliability of the Latch breastfeeding assessment tool. Hemşirelikte Araştırma Geliştirme Dergisi 2003;5(1): 38-44.
9. İnce T, Aktaş G, Aktepe N, Aydın A. Evaluation of the factors affecting mothers’ breastfeeding self-efficacy and breastfeeding success. İzmir Behçet Uz Journal of Pediatrics 2017;7(3):183-190.
10. Mızrak Şahin B, Özerdoğan N. The key factor in continuation and success of breastfeeding: breastfeeding motivation based on self-determination theory. STED. 2018; 27(4): 291-295.
11. Kestler-Peleg M, Shamir-Dardikman M, Hermoni D, Ginzburg K. Breastfeeding motivation and Self-Determination Theory. Soc Sci Med. 2015;144:19-27. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2015.09.006.
12. Ryan RM, Deci EL. Self-determination theory: Basic psychological needs in motivation, development, and wellness. The Guilford Press. 2017. https://doi.org/10.1521/978.14625/28806.
13. Lau CY, Fong DY, Choi AY, Ng JW, Sing C, Tarrant M. Development and measurement properties of the Chinese breastfeeding self-regulation questionnaire. Midwifery 2017;44:24-34. doi:10.1016/j.midw.2016.10.012.
14. Onat G. Practices for facilitating breastfeeding and lactation care. Türkiye Klinikleri J Obstet Womens Health Dis Nurs-Special Topics 2018;4(2):131-46.
15. Eskin M, Harlak H, Demirkıran F. ve Dereboy Ç. The Adaptation of the Perceived Stress Scale into Turkish: A Reliability and Validity Analysis. New Symposium Journal 2013;51(3):132-140.
16. Mızrak B. Adaptation of Breastfeeding Motivation Scale to Turkish, Determination of Factors Affecting Breastfeeding Motivation. T.R. Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Institute of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing. Özerdoğan N. (Consultant), PhD Thesis, 2017.
17. Koyun K. A study examining the use of the LATCH breastfeeding diagnostic scale and neonatal breastfeeding success. Master Thesis, Dokuz Eylül University, Institute of Health Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Nursing, İzmir, 2001.
18. Bulut M, Küçük Alemdar D. (2021) Breastfeeding motivation in mothers of excessive crying infants: A correlation study. Early Child Development and Care 2021;191(9): 1417-1426 doi: 10.1080/03004430.2020.1839063.
19. Çakmak E, Karaçam Z. The correlation between mothers' participation in infant care in the NICU and their anxiety and problem-solving skill levels in caregiving. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2018 Jan;31(1):21-31. doi: 10.1080/14767058.2016.1271412.
20. Omak D, Kahriman İ, Özoran Y. Assesment of Anxiety Levels of Mothers Whose Babies are Hospitalized in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. Turkiye Klinikleri J Nurs Sci. 2021;13(2):212-8. DOI: 10.5336/nurses.2020-77350.
21. Özyazıcıoğlu N, Güdücü Tüfekçi F. Investigation of factors the effects in hopelessness and state-trait anxiety of mothers who cared their baby in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. Atatürk Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Yüksekokulu Dergisi 2010; 12(4): 66-73. Retrieved from:https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/ataunihem/issue/2647/34052.
22. Musabirema P, Brysiewicz P, Chipps J. Parents perceptions of stress in a neonatal intensive care unit in Rwanda. Curationis 2015 Dec 3;38(2):1499. doi: 10.4102/curationis.v38i2.1499.
23. Barbosa LN, Santos NC, Moraes MAM, Rizzardi SD, Corrêa EC. Prevalence of educational practices about exclusive breastfeeding in Cuiaba – MT. Escola Anna Nery Revista de Enfermagem 2015;19 (1): 147-153. doi: 10.5935/1414-8145.20150020.
24. Pinto E, Chaves C, Duarte J, Nelas P ve Countinho E. Maternal affection and motivation for breastfeeding. Procedio-Social and Behavioral Sciences 2016; 217: 1028-1035. doi: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2016.02.099.
25. Mizrak Şahin B, Özerdogan N, Özdamar K, Gürsoy E. Factors affecting breastfeeding motivation in primiparious mothers: An application of breastfeeding motivation scale based on self-determination theory. Health Care Women Int. 2019 Jun;40(6):637-652. doi: 10.1080/07399332.2018.1526289.
26. Racine EF, Frick KD, Strobino D, Carpenter LM, Milligan R, Pugh LC. How motivation influences breastfeeding duration among low-income women. J Hum Lact. 2009;25(2):173-181. doi:10.1177/0890334408328129.
27. Artieta-Pinedo I, Paz-Pascual C, Grandes G, Bacigalupe A, Payo J, Montoya I. Antenatal education and breastfeeding in a cohort of primiparas. Journal of Adv Nurs. 2013;69(7):1607-1617. doi:10.1111/jan.12022.
28. Neifert M, Bunik M. Overcoming clinical barriers to exclusive breastfeeding. Pediatr Clin North Am. 2013;60(1):115-145. doi:10.1016/j.pcl.2012.10.001.
29. Tarrant M, Dodgson JE, Wu KM. Factors contributing to early breast-feeding cessation among Chinese mothers: an exploratory study. Midwifery 2014;30(10):1088-1095. doi:10.1016/j.midw.2014.03.002.
30. Lange A, Nautsch A, Weitmann K, Ittermann T, Heckmann M. Breastfeeding motivation in Pomerania: Survey of neonates in Pomerania (SNiP-Study). Int Breastfeed J. 2017;12:3. Published 2017 Jan 6. doi:10.1186/s13006-016-0093-6.
31. Küçükoğlu S, Çelebioğlu A. The examination of level of breastfeeding self-efficacy and breastfeeding success of mothers patient infants. Erciyes University Faculty of Health Sciences Journal 2014; 2(1): 1-11.
32. Oksal Güneş EN, Çetinkaya Ş. Analysis of maternal characteristics during breastfeeding in early infancy associated with prolactin levels and breastfeeding LATCH scores. International Journal of Caring Sciences.2017; 10: 313-326.
33. Turan A, Bozkurt G. Effects of Delivery Method on Breastfeeding Success in Primiparous Mothers. Arc Health Sci Res 2020; 7(1): 60-5. doi: 10.5152/ArcHealthSciRes.2020.540476.
34. Koskinen KS, Aho AL, Hannula L, Kaunonen M. Maternity hospital practices and breast-feeding self-efficacy in Finnish primiparous and multiparous women during the immediate postpartum period. Midwifery. 2014;30(4):464-470. doi:10.1016/j.midw.2013.05.003.
35. Schafer R, Genna CW. Physiologic Breastfeeding: A Contemporary Approach to Breastfeeding Initiation. J Midwifery Womens Health. 2015 Sep-Oct;60(5):546-53. doi: 10.1111/jmwh.12319. PMID: 26461191.

Bebeği Yenidoğan Ünitesinde Yatan Annelerin Algıladıkları Stres, Emzirme Motivasyonu ve Emzirme Başarısı

Year 2023, Volume: 20 Issue: 2, 1707 - 1717, 03.07.2023

Ayşe Şener Taplak Yeter Şener

https://doi.org/10.38136/jgon.1055476

Abstract

Amaç: Bu araştırma bebeği yenidoğan ünitesinde yatan annelerin algıladıkları stres, emzirme motivasyonu ve emzirme başarısını belirlemek ve aralarındaki ilişkiyi saptamak amacıyla yapıldı.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu kesitsel çalışmanın örneklemini 128 term yenidoğanın annesi oluşturdu. Gerekli izinler alındıktan sonra veriler tanıtıcı özellikler veri formu, algılanan stres ölçeği, emzirme motivasyonu ve LATCH emzirme tanılama ölçeği kullanılarak toplandı. Verilerin değerlendirilmesinde tanımlayıcı istatistiksel analizler, Mann-Whitney U testi, Kruskal-Wallis, Dunn-Bonferroni, Spearman korelasyon analizleri kullanıldı. P< 0.05 istatistiksel olarak anlamlı kabul edildi.
Bulgular: Bu çalışmada bebeği yenidoğan ünitesinde yatan primipar annelerden ileri yaşta, ilköğretim ve lise mezunu olan, çalışmayan, doğum öncesinde emzirme eğitimi almayan ve bebeğini doğumdan hemen sonra emzirmeye başlayanların algıladıkları stresin daha yüksek olduğu belirlendi. Araştırmada genç annelerin, üniversite mezunu, çalışan, gebeliği planlı olan ve doğum öncesi emzirme eğitimi alan primipar annelerin emzirme motivasyonu daha yüksekti. Çalışma sonuçları lise ve üniversite mezunu, gebeliği planlı olan, doğumdan önce emzirme eğitimi alan annelerin LATCH ölçeği puanlarının daha yüksek olduğunu gösterdi (p<0.05). Bu araştırmada algılanan stres azaldıkça, emzirme motivasyonu ve emzirme başarısının arttığı belirlendi. Emzirme motivasyonu ile emzirme başarısı arasında ilişki bulundu (p<0.05).
Sonuç: Bebeği yenidoğan ünitesinde yatan annelerin stres düzeylerinin azaltılması ve emzirme motivasyonlarını artırmaya yönelik yenidoğan hemşirelerince eğitim ve müdahale çalışmalarının planlanması ve uygulanması önerilmektedir.

Keywords

Yenidoğan, anne, emzirme, stres, motivasyon

References

1. World Health Organization. (WHO). Implementation guidance: protecting, promoting and supporting breastfeeding in facilities providing maternity and newborn services – the revised Baby-friendly Hospital Initiative. Geneva: World Health Organization 2018. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
2. Victora CG, Bahl R, Barros AJ, et al. Breastfeeding in the 21st century: epidemiology, mechanisms, and lifelong effect. Lancet 2016;387(10017):475-490. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(15)01024-7
3. Keklikçi Y, Dorum BA, Vatansever A. Stress levels of parents of ınfants in the neonatal ıntensive care unit and coping methods. Van Med J. 2020; 27(2): 160-165. doi: 10.5505/vtd.2020.50465
4. Küçükoğlu S, Aytekin A, Gülhaş NF. Identifying the needs of mothers whose babies were admitted to neonatal intensive care units. Hemşirelikte Eğitim ve Araştırma Dergisi 2015;12 (3): 182-188.
5. Chourasia N, Surianarayanan P, Adhisivam B, Vishnu Bhat B. NICU admissions and maternal stress levels. Indian J Pediatr. 2013;80(5):380-384. doi:10.1007/s12098-012-0921-7.
6. Fotiou C, Vlastarakos PV, Bakoula C, et al. Parental stress management using relaxation techniques in a neonatal intensive care unit: A randomised controlled trial. Intensive Crit Care Nurs. 2016;32:20-28. doi:10.1016/j.iccn.2015.08.006.
7. Altuntas N. How hospitalization in the neonatal intensive care unit affects the breastfeeding process? Pam Med J 2020;13:579-586. doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.31362/patd.670659.
8. Yenal K, Okumuş H. Reliability of the Latch breastfeeding assessment tool. Hemşirelikte Araştırma Geliştirme Dergisi 2003;5(1): 38-44.
9. İnce T, Aktaş G, Aktepe N, Aydın A. Evaluation of the factors affecting mothers’ breastfeeding self-efficacy and breastfeeding success. İzmir Behçet Uz Journal of Pediatrics 2017;7(3):183-190.
10. Mızrak Şahin B, Özerdoğan N. The key factor in continuation and success of breastfeeding: breastfeeding motivation based on self-determination theory. STED. 2018; 27(4): 291-295.
11. Kestler-Peleg M, Shamir-Dardikman M, Hermoni D, Ginzburg K. Breastfeeding motivation and Self-Determination Theory. Soc Sci Med. 2015;144:19-27. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2015.09.006.
12. Ryan RM, Deci EL. Self-determination theory: Basic psychological needs in motivation, development, and wellness. The Guilford Press. 2017. https://doi.org/10.1521/978.14625/28806.
13. Lau CY, Fong DY, Choi AY, Ng JW, Sing C, Tarrant M. Development and measurement properties of the Chinese breastfeeding self-regulation questionnaire. Midwifery 2017;44:24-34. doi:10.1016/j.midw.2016.10.012.
14. Onat G. Practices for facilitating breastfeeding and lactation care. Türkiye Klinikleri J Obstet Womens Health Dis Nurs-Special Topics 2018;4(2):131-46.
15. Eskin M, Harlak H, Demirkıran F. ve Dereboy Ç. The Adaptation of the Perceived Stress Scale into Turkish: A Reliability and Validity Analysis. New Symposium Journal 2013;51(3):132-140.
16. Mızrak B. Adaptation of Breastfeeding Motivation Scale to Turkish, Determination of Factors Affecting Breastfeeding Motivation. T.R. Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Institute of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing. Özerdoğan N. (Consultant), PhD Thesis, 2017.
17. Koyun K. A study examining the use of the LATCH breastfeeding diagnostic scale and neonatal breastfeeding success. Master Thesis, Dokuz Eylül University, Institute of Health Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Nursing, İzmir, 2001.
18. Bulut M, Küçük Alemdar D. (2021) Breastfeeding motivation in mothers of excessive crying infants: A correlation study. Early Child Development and Care 2021;191(9): 1417-1426 doi: 10.1080/03004430.2020.1839063.
19. Çakmak E, Karaçam Z. The correlation between mothers' participation in infant care in the NICU and their anxiety and problem-solving skill levels in caregiving. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2018 Jan;31(1):21-31. doi: 10.1080/14767058.2016.1271412.
20. Omak D, Kahriman İ, Özoran Y. Assesment of Anxiety Levels of Mothers Whose Babies are Hospitalized in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. Turkiye Klinikleri J Nurs Sci. 2021;13(2):212-8. DOI: 10.5336/nurses.2020-77350.
21. Özyazıcıoğlu N, Güdücü Tüfekçi F. Investigation of factors the effects in hopelessness and state-trait anxiety of mothers who cared their baby in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. Atatürk Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Yüksekokulu Dergisi 2010; 12(4): 66-73. Retrieved from:https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/ataunihem/issue/2647/34052.
22. Musabirema P, Brysiewicz P, Chipps J. Parents perceptions of stress in a neonatal intensive care unit in Rwanda. Curationis 2015 Dec 3;38(2):1499. doi: 10.4102/curationis.v38i2.1499.
23. Barbosa LN, Santos NC, Moraes MAM, Rizzardi SD, Corrêa EC. Prevalence of educational practices about exclusive breastfeeding in Cuiaba – MT. Escola Anna Nery Revista de Enfermagem 2015;19 (1): 147-153. doi: 10.5935/1414-8145.20150020.
24. Pinto E, Chaves C, Duarte J, Nelas P ve Countinho E. Maternal affection and motivation for breastfeeding. Procedio-Social and Behavioral Sciences 2016; 217: 1028-1035. doi: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2016.02.099.
25. Mizrak Şahin B, Özerdogan N, Özdamar K, Gürsoy E. Factors affecting breastfeeding motivation in primiparious mothers: An application of breastfeeding motivation scale based on self-determination theory. Health Care Women Int. 2019 Jun;40(6):637-652. doi: 10.1080/07399332.2018.1526289.
26. Racine EF, Frick KD, Strobino D, Carpenter LM, Milligan R, Pugh LC. How motivation influences breastfeeding duration among low-income women. J Hum Lact. 2009;25(2):173-181. doi:10.1177/0890334408328129.
27. Artieta-Pinedo I, Paz-Pascual C, Grandes G, Bacigalupe A, Payo J, Montoya I. Antenatal education and breastfeeding in a cohort of primiparas. Journal of Adv Nurs. 2013;69(7):1607-1617. doi:10.1111/jan.12022.
28. Neifert M, Bunik M. Overcoming clinical barriers to exclusive breastfeeding. Pediatr Clin North Am. 2013;60(1):115-145. doi:10.1016/j.pcl.2012.10.001.
29. Tarrant M, Dodgson JE, Wu KM. Factors contributing to early breast-feeding cessation among Chinese mothers: an exploratory study. Midwifery 2014;30(10):1088-1095. doi:10.1016/j.midw.2014.03.002.
30. Lange A, Nautsch A, Weitmann K, Ittermann T, Heckmann M. Breastfeeding motivation in Pomerania: Survey of neonates in Pomerania (SNiP-Study). Int Breastfeed J. 2017;12:3. Published 2017 Jan 6. doi:10.1186/s13006-016-0093-6.
31. Küçükoğlu S, Çelebioğlu A. The examination of level of breastfeeding self-efficacy and breastfeeding success of mothers patient infants. Erciyes University Faculty of Health Sciences Journal 2014; 2(1): 1-11.
32. Oksal Güneş EN, Çetinkaya Ş. Analysis of maternal characteristics during breastfeeding in early infancy associated with prolactin levels and breastfeeding LATCH scores. International Journal of Caring Sciences.2017; 10: 313-326.
33. Turan A, Bozkurt G. Effects of Delivery Method on Breastfeeding Success in Primiparous Mothers. Arc Health Sci Res 2020; 7(1): 60-5. doi: 10.5152/ArcHealthSciRes.2020.540476.
34. Koskinen KS, Aho AL, Hannula L, Kaunonen M. Maternity hospital practices and breast-feeding self-efficacy in Finnish primiparous and multiparous women during the immediate postpartum period. Midwifery. 2014;30(4):464-470. doi:10.1016/j.midw.2013.05.003.
35. Schafer R, Genna CW. Physiologic Breastfeeding: A Contemporary Approach to Breastfeeding Initiation. J Midwifery Womens Health. 2015 Sep-Oct;60(5):546-53. doi: 10.1111/jmwh.12319. PMID: 26461191.

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Details

Primary Language	English
Subjects	Paediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynaecology
Journal Section	Research Articles
Authors	Ayşe Şener Taplak 0000-0002-4229-038X Yeter Şener 0000-0002-8919-4395
Publication Date	July 3, 2023
Submission Date	January 9, 2022
Acceptance Date	August 1, 2022
Published in Issue	Year 2023 Volume: 20 Issue: 2

Cite

Vancouver	Şener Taplak A, Şener Y. Perceived Stress, Breastfeeding Motivation and Breastfeeding Success among Mothers with Newborn Infants’ Hospitalization in the Neonatal Unit. JGON. 2023;20(2):1707-1.

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