Research Article
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Determination of Sexual Distress Levels and Affecting Factors of Pregnancy

Year 2023, Volume: 16 Issue: 4, 549 - 561, 15.10.2023
https://doi.org/10.46483/jnef.1375573

Abstract

Background: Although sexual problems are common during pregnancy, the rates of sexual distress are not known clearly.

Objectives: The research was carried out to determine the sexual distress levels of pregnant women and the affecting factors.

Methods: Analytical cross-sectional research was conducted with 459 pregnant women in the Pregnancy Education Class of the Midwifery Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, located in a medical center between 01 March-31 May 2021. The data were collected with “The Female Sexual Distress Scale-Revised (FSDS-R)”. Descriptive statistics, Mann Whitney-U test and Kruskal-Wallis test were used in the analysis of the data.

Results: The mean age of the pregnant women was 28.68±5.552. It was determined that the median FSDS-R scores of the pregnant women were 7.0 (2.0-16.0) and according to the mean FSDS-R scores, 34.6% of the pregnant women experienced sexual distress. A statistically significant difference was found between the age, education level, trimester, some views of the pregnant women about sexuality and the median scores of FSDS-R of the pregnant women (p< .05).

Conclusion: In the study, it was determined that sexual distress levels were higher in pregnant women who were under 30 years of age, had a secondary education level, and were in the first trimester of pregnancy. In addition, sexual distress levels were found to be higher in pregnant women who thought that “sexual intercourse during pregnancy may harm the baby”, “sexual intercourse during pregnancy is a source of stress for women” and “sexual intercourse during pregnancy may cause miscarriage”.

References

  • Adefisan, A. S., Awoleke, J. O., Olofinbiyi, B. A., Aduloju, O. P., Okunola, T. O., Adefisan, O. O. ve Adelekan, O. E. (2021). Sexual Dysfunction and Related Factors during Pregnancy at a Tertiary Health Facility in Southwestern Nigeria. Journal of Advances in Medicine and Medical Research, 33 (4), 49-58.
  • Ahmed, M. R., Madny, E. H. ve Sayed Ahmed, W. A. (2014). Prevalence of female sexual dysfunction during pregnancy among Egyptian women. J Obstet Gynaecol Res, 40 (4), 1023–9. Doi:10.1111/jog.12313
  • Aydın, S., Onaran, Ö. I., Topalan, K., Arıoğlu Aydın, Ç. ve Dansuk, R. (2016). Development and validation of Turkish version of the female sexual distress scale-revised. Sex Med, 4, e43–50. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.esxm.2015.12.003
  • Bayoğlu Tekin, Y., Ural, Ü. M., Üstüner, I., Balık, G. ve Güvendağ Güven, E. S. (2014). Evaluation of female sexual function index and associated factors among married women in North Eastern Black Sea region of Turkey. J Turk Soc Obstet Gynecol, 3, 153-8 Doi: 10.4274/tjod.43815
  • Bilgiç, D., Demirel, G. ve Dağlar, G. (2018). Gebelerin gebelik dönemine ve doğuma ilişkin mitlerinin belirlenmesi. Zeynep Kamil Tıp Bülteni, 49 (1), 59–64.http://dx.doi.org/10.16948/zktipb.349829
  • Corbacioglu Esmer, A., Akca, A., Akbayir, O., Cilesiz Goksedef, B. P. ve Bakir, V. L. (2013). Female sexual function and associated factors during pregnancy. J Obstet Gynaecol Res, 39 (6), 1165–72. Doi:10.1111/jog.12048
  • Daud, S., Zahid, A. Z. M., Mohamad, M., Abdullah, B. ve Mohamad, N. A. N. (2019). Prevalence of sexual dysfunction in pregnancy. Arch Gynecol Obstet, 300, 1279–85. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00404-019-05273-y
  • Davis, L. (1992). Instrument review: Getting the most from a panel of experts. Appl Nurs Res, 5 (4), 194–7
  • DeRogatis, L. R., Rosen, R., Leiblum, S., Burnett, A. ve Heiman, J. (2002). The Female Sexual Distress Scale (FSDS): Initial validation of a standardized scale for assessment of sexually related personal distress in women. J Sex Marital Ther, 28, 317-330.
  • DeRogatis, L., Clayton, A., Lewis-D’Agostino, D., Wunderlich, G. ve Fu, Y. (2008). Validation of the Female Sexual Distress Scale-Revised for assessing distress in women with hypoactive sexual desire disorder. J Sex Med, 5, 357-364.
  • Dinç Kaya, H., Yılmaz, T., Günaydın, S., Çalımlı, E. N. ve Sadeghi, E. (2021). Sexual myths during pregnancy: a comparative study. J Obstet Gynaecol, 1-7. Doi: 10.1080/01443615.2021.1931826
  • Ertem, G. ve Sevil, Ü. (2010). Gebeliğin cinselliğe etkisi. Dirim Tıp Gazetesi, 85, 40–7.
  • Fuchs, A., Czech, I., Sikora, J., Fuchs, P., Lorek, M., Skrzypulec-Plinta, V. ve Drosdzol-Cop, A. (2019). Sexual functioning in pregnant women. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 16, 4216. Doi:10.3390/ijerph16214216
  • Gökyıldız, Ş. ve Kızılkaya Beji, N. (2005). The effects of pregnancy on sexual life. J Sex Marital Ther, 31, 201–15. Doi: 10.1080/00926230590513410
  • Guendler, J. A., Katz, L., Flamini, M. E. D. M., Lemos, A. ve Amorim, M. M. (2019). Prevalence of sexual dysfunctions and their associated factors in pregnant women in an outpatient prenatal care clinic. Rev Bras Ginecol Obstet, 41, 555–563. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1695021
  • Höbek Akarsu, R. ve Kızılkaya Beji, N. (2016). Kadın cinsel fonksiyon bozuklukları sınıflandırılmasında DSM-V kapsamında yapılan değişiklikler. Androloji Bülteni, 18(65), 134–137.
  • İncesu, C. (2004). Cinsel işlevler ve cinsel işlev bozuklukları. Klinik Psikiyatri, 7(Suppl 3), 3–13.
  • Keramat, A., Malary, M., Moosazadeh, M., Bagherian, N. ve Rajabi-Shakib, M-R. (2021). Factors influencing stress, anxiety, and depression among Iranian pregnant women: the role of sexual distress and genital self-image. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 21, 87. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-021-03575-1
  • Kračun, I., Tul, N., Blickstein, I. ve Velikonja, V. G. (2018). Quantitative and qualitative assessment of maternal sexuality during pregnancy. J Perinat Med, 47(3), 335–40. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1515/jpm-2018-0206
  • Kulhawik, R., Zborowska, K., Grabarek, B. O., Boroń, D., Skrzypulec-Plinta, V. ve Drosdzol-Cop, A. (2022). Changes in the Sexual Behavior of Partners in Each Trimester of Pregnancy in Otwock in Polish Couples. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 19, 2921. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19052921
  • Küçükdurmaz, F., Efe, E., Malkoç, Ö., Kolus, E., Amasyalı, A. S. ve Resim, S. (2016). Prevalence and correlates of female sexual dysfunction among Turkish pregnant women. Turkish J Urol, 42 (3), 178-83. Doi: 10.5152/tud.2016.49207
  • Leite, A. P. L., Campos, A. A. S., Dias, A. R. C., Amed, A. M., De Souza, E. ve Camano, L. (2009). Prevalence of sexual dysfunction during pregnancy. Rev Assoc Med Bras, 55(5), 563–8.
  • Malary, M., Moosazadeh, M., Keramat, A., ve Sabetghadam, S. (2021). Factors influencing low sexual desire and sexual distress in pregnancy: A cross-sectional study. Int J Reprod Biomed 19, 909-920. Doi: https://doi.org/10.18502/ijrm.v19i10.9823
  • Miranda, C. C., Perez, A. V., Bossardi, B. R., Brust, L. C., Grossi, F. S., Valério, E. G., … Wender, M. C. O. (2019). Sexual function in pregnant women in the public health system. Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 9, 764-774 Doi: https://doi.org/10.4236/ ojog.2019.96076
  • Oksuz, E. ve Malhan, S. (2006). Prevalence and risk factors for female sexual dysfunction in Turkish women. The Journal of Urology, 175, 654–8. Doi:10.1016/S0022-5347(05)00149-7
  • Open Source Epidemiologic Statistics for Public Health Version. 3.01. OpenEpi [Güncellenme Tarihi: 6 Nisan 2013]. Sample Size for a Proportion or Descriptive Study. 27 Şubat 2022 tarihinde https://www.openepi.com/SampleSize/SSPropor.htm adresinden erişildi.
  • Pauleta, J. R., Pereira, N. M. ve Graça, L. M. (2010). Sexuality during pregnancy. J Sex Med, 7, 136–42. 10.1111/j.1743-6109.2009.01538.x
  • Salonia, A., Munarriz, R. M., Naspro, R., Nappi, R. E., Briganti, A., Chionna, R., … Montorsi, F. (2004). Women’s sexual dysfunction: a pathophysiological review. BJU International, 93, 1156-1164.
  • Santiago, L. R. S., da Silva Lara, L. A., Romão, A. P. M. S., da Mata Tiezzi, M. F. B. ve de Sá Rosa e Silva, A. C. J. (2013). Impact of pregnancy on the sex life of women: state of the art. International Journal of Clinical Medicine, 4, 257-264. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ijcm.2013.45045
  • Soares, P. R. A. L., Calou, C. G. P., Ribeiro, S. G., Aquino, P. S., Almeida, P. C. ve Pinheiro, A. K. B. (2020). Sexuality and associated risk factors in pregnant women. Rev Bras Enferm, 73 (Suppl 4), e20180786. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2018-0786
  • Topatan, S. ve Koç, E. (2020). Gebelik Döneminde Yaşanan Kadın Cinsel Sıkıntı Durumu ve İlişkili Faktörler. FÜ Sağ Bil Tıp Derg, 34 (1), 13-19.
  • Vannier, S. A. ve Rosen, N. O. (2017). Sexual distress and sexual problems during pregnancy: Associations with sexual and relationship satisfaction. J Sex Med, 14, 387–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsxm.2016.12.239
  • World Health Organizations (WHO). (2006). Defining sexual health. 01 Nisan 2022 tarihinde https://www.who.int/teams/sexual-and-reproductive-health-and-research/key-areas-of-work/sexual-health/defining-sexual-health adresinden erişildi.

Gebelerin Cinsel Distres Düzeyleri ve Etkileyen Faktörlerin Belirlenmesi

Year 2023, Volume: 16 Issue: 4, 549 - 561, 15.10.2023
https://doi.org/10.46483/jnef.1375573

Abstract

Giriş: Gebelikte cinsel sorunlar yaygın olarak görülmekle birlikte cinsel distres oranları net olarak bilinmemektedir.

Amaç: Araştırma gebelerin cinsel distres düzeyleri ve etkileyen faktörlerin belirlenmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır.

Yöntem: Analitik-kesitsel olarak 01 Mart–31 Mayıs 2021 tarihleri arasında bir Tıp Merkezinde yer alan Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Ebelik Bölümü Gebe Eğitim Sınıfında yürütülen araştırma 459 gebe ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Veriler “Kadın Cinsel Sıkıntı Ölçeği-Revize (KCSÖ-R)” ile toplanmıştır. Verilerin analizinde tanımlayıcı istatistikler, Mann Whitney-U testi ve Kruskal-Wallis testi kullanılmıştır.

Bulgular: Gebelerin yaş ortalaması 28.68±5.552’dir. Gebelerin KCSÖ-R ortanca puanlarının 7.0 (2.0-16.0) olduğu ve KCSÖ-R puan ortalamalarına göre gebelerin %34.6’sının cinsel distres yaşadığı belirlenmiştir. Gebelerin yaş, eğitim düzeyleri, bulundukları trimester ve cinselliğe ilişkin bazı görüşleri ile KCSÖ-R ortanca puanları arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark saptanmıştır (p< .05).

Sonuç: Araştırmada 30 yaş altı olan, eğitim düzeyi ortaokul olan ve gebeliğin I. trimesterinde bulunan gebelerin cinsel distres düzeylerinin daha yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca “gebelikte cinsel ilişkinin bebeğe zarar vereceğini”, “gebelikte cinsel ilişkinin kadın için stres kaynağı olduğunu” ve “gebelikte cinsel ilişkinin düşüğe neden olabileceğini” düşünen gebelerin cinsel distres düzeyleri daha yüksek bulunmuştur.

References

  • Adefisan, A. S., Awoleke, J. O., Olofinbiyi, B. A., Aduloju, O. P., Okunola, T. O., Adefisan, O. O. ve Adelekan, O. E. (2021). Sexual Dysfunction and Related Factors during Pregnancy at a Tertiary Health Facility in Southwestern Nigeria. Journal of Advances in Medicine and Medical Research, 33 (4), 49-58.
  • Ahmed, M. R., Madny, E. H. ve Sayed Ahmed, W. A. (2014). Prevalence of female sexual dysfunction during pregnancy among Egyptian women. J Obstet Gynaecol Res, 40 (4), 1023–9. Doi:10.1111/jog.12313
  • Aydın, S., Onaran, Ö. I., Topalan, K., Arıoğlu Aydın, Ç. ve Dansuk, R. (2016). Development and validation of Turkish version of the female sexual distress scale-revised. Sex Med, 4, e43–50. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.esxm.2015.12.003
  • Bayoğlu Tekin, Y., Ural, Ü. M., Üstüner, I., Balık, G. ve Güvendağ Güven, E. S. (2014). Evaluation of female sexual function index and associated factors among married women in North Eastern Black Sea region of Turkey. J Turk Soc Obstet Gynecol, 3, 153-8 Doi: 10.4274/tjod.43815
  • Bilgiç, D., Demirel, G. ve Dağlar, G. (2018). Gebelerin gebelik dönemine ve doğuma ilişkin mitlerinin belirlenmesi. Zeynep Kamil Tıp Bülteni, 49 (1), 59–64.http://dx.doi.org/10.16948/zktipb.349829
  • Corbacioglu Esmer, A., Akca, A., Akbayir, O., Cilesiz Goksedef, B. P. ve Bakir, V. L. (2013). Female sexual function and associated factors during pregnancy. J Obstet Gynaecol Res, 39 (6), 1165–72. Doi:10.1111/jog.12048
  • Daud, S., Zahid, A. Z. M., Mohamad, M., Abdullah, B. ve Mohamad, N. A. N. (2019). Prevalence of sexual dysfunction in pregnancy. Arch Gynecol Obstet, 300, 1279–85. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00404-019-05273-y
  • Davis, L. (1992). Instrument review: Getting the most from a panel of experts. Appl Nurs Res, 5 (4), 194–7
  • DeRogatis, L. R., Rosen, R., Leiblum, S., Burnett, A. ve Heiman, J. (2002). The Female Sexual Distress Scale (FSDS): Initial validation of a standardized scale for assessment of sexually related personal distress in women. J Sex Marital Ther, 28, 317-330.
  • DeRogatis, L., Clayton, A., Lewis-D’Agostino, D., Wunderlich, G. ve Fu, Y. (2008). Validation of the Female Sexual Distress Scale-Revised for assessing distress in women with hypoactive sexual desire disorder. J Sex Med, 5, 357-364.
  • Dinç Kaya, H., Yılmaz, T., Günaydın, S., Çalımlı, E. N. ve Sadeghi, E. (2021). Sexual myths during pregnancy: a comparative study. J Obstet Gynaecol, 1-7. Doi: 10.1080/01443615.2021.1931826
  • Ertem, G. ve Sevil, Ü. (2010). Gebeliğin cinselliğe etkisi. Dirim Tıp Gazetesi, 85, 40–7.
  • Fuchs, A., Czech, I., Sikora, J., Fuchs, P., Lorek, M., Skrzypulec-Plinta, V. ve Drosdzol-Cop, A. (2019). Sexual functioning in pregnant women. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 16, 4216. Doi:10.3390/ijerph16214216
  • Gökyıldız, Ş. ve Kızılkaya Beji, N. (2005). The effects of pregnancy on sexual life. J Sex Marital Ther, 31, 201–15. Doi: 10.1080/00926230590513410
  • Guendler, J. A., Katz, L., Flamini, M. E. D. M., Lemos, A. ve Amorim, M. M. (2019). Prevalence of sexual dysfunctions and their associated factors in pregnant women in an outpatient prenatal care clinic. Rev Bras Ginecol Obstet, 41, 555–563. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1695021
  • Höbek Akarsu, R. ve Kızılkaya Beji, N. (2016). Kadın cinsel fonksiyon bozuklukları sınıflandırılmasında DSM-V kapsamında yapılan değişiklikler. Androloji Bülteni, 18(65), 134–137.
  • İncesu, C. (2004). Cinsel işlevler ve cinsel işlev bozuklukları. Klinik Psikiyatri, 7(Suppl 3), 3–13.
  • Keramat, A., Malary, M., Moosazadeh, M., Bagherian, N. ve Rajabi-Shakib, M-R. (2021). Factors influencing stress, anxiety, and depression among Iranian pregnant women: the role of sexual distress and genital self-image. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 21, 87. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-021-03575-1
  • Kračun, I., Tul, N., Blickstein, I. ve Velikonja, V. G. (2018). Quantitative and qualitative assessment of maternal sexuality during pregnancy. J Perinat Med, 47(3), 335–40. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1515/jpm-2018-0206
  • Kulhawik, R., Zborowska, K., Grabarek, B. O., Boroń, D., Skrzypulec-Plinta, V. ve Drosdzol-Cop, A. (2022). Changes in the Sexual Behavior of Partners in Each Trimester of Pregnancy in Otwock in Polish Couples. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 19, 2921. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19052921
  • Küçükdurmaz, F., Efe, E., Malkoç, Ö., Kolus, E., Amasyalı, A. S. ve Resim, S. (2016). Prevalence and correlates of female sexual dysfunction among Turkish pregnant women. Turkish J Urol, 42 (3), 178-83. Doi: 10.5152/tud.2016.49207
  • Leite, A. P. L., Campos, A. A. S., Dias, A. R. C., Amed, A. M., De Souza, E. ve Camano, L. (2009). Prevalence of sexual dysfunction during pregnancy. Rev Assoc Med Bras, 55(5), 563–8.
  • Malary, M., Moosazadeh, M., Keramat, A., ve Sabetghadam, S. (2021). Factors influencing low sexual desire and sexual distress in pregnancy: A cross-sectional study. Int J Reprod Biomed 19, 909-920. Doi: https://doi.org/10.18502/ijrm.v19i10.9823
  • Miranda, C. C., Perez, A. V., Bossardi, B. R., Brust, L. C., Grossi, F. S., Valério, E. G., … Wender, M. C. O. (2019). Sexual function in pregnant women in the public health system. Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 9, 764-774 Doi: https://doi.org/10.4236/ ojog.2019.96076
  • Oksuz, E. ve Malhan, S. (2006). Prevalence and risk factors for female sexual dysfunction in Turkish women. The Journal of Urology, 175, 654–8. Doi:10.1016/S0022-5347(05)00149-7
  • Open Source Epidemiologic Statistics for Public Health Version. 3.01. OpenEpi [Güncellenme Tarihi: 6 Nisan 2013]. Sample Size for a Proportion or Descriptive Study. 27 Şubat 2022 tarihinde https://www.openepi.com/SampleSize/SSPropor.htm adresinden erişildi.
  • Pauleta, J. R., Pereira, N. M. ve Graça, L. M. (2010). Sexuality during pregnancy. J Sex Med, 7, 136–42. 10.1111/j.1743-6109.2009.01538.x
  • Salonia, A., Munarriz, R. M., Naspro, R., Nappi, R. E., Briganti, A., Chionna, R., … Montorsi, F. (2004). Women’s sexual dysfunction: a pathophysiological review. BJU International, 93, 1156-1164.
  • Santiago, L. R. S., da Silva Lara, L. A., Romão, A. P. M. S., da Mata Tiezzi, M. F. B. ve de Sá Rosa e Silva, A. C. J. (2013). Impact of pregnancy on the sex life of women: state of the art. International Journal of Clinical Medicine, 4, 257-264. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ijcm.2013.45045
  • Soares, P. R. A. L., Calou, C. G. P., Ribeiro, S. G., Aquino, P. S., Almeida, P. C. ve Pinheiro, A. K. B. (2020). Sexuality and associated risk factors in pregnant women. Rev Bras Enferm, 73 (Suppl 4), e20180786. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2018-0786
  • Topatan, S. ve Koç, E. (2020). Gebelik Döneminde Yaşanan Kadın Cinsel Sıkıntı Durumu ve İlişkili Faktörler. FÜ Sağ Bil Tıp Derg, 34 (1), 13-19.
  • Vannier, S. A. ve Rosen, N. O. (2017). Sexual distress and sexual problems during pregnancy: Associations with sexual and relationship satisfaction. J Sex Med, 14, 387–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsxm.2016.12.239
  • World Health Organizations (WHO). (2006). Defining sexual health. 01 Nisan 2022 tarihinde https://www.who.int/teams/sexual-and-reproductive-health-and-research/key-areas-of-work/sexual-health/defining-sexual-health adresinden erişildi.
There are 33 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Nursing (Other)
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Emine İbici Akça 0000-0001-5432-2951

Zeliha Özşahin 0000-0003-1906-9537

Yeşim Aksoy Derya 0000-0002-3140-2286

Early Pub Date October 15, 2023
Publication Date October 15, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 16 Issue: 4

Cite

APA İbici Akça, E., Özşahin, Z., & Aksoy Derya, Y. (2023). Gebelerin Cinsel Distres Düzeyleri ve Etkileyen Faktörlerin Belirlenmesi. Etkili Hemşirelik Dergisi, 16(4), 549-561. https://doi.org/10.46483/jnef.1375573

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