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Theory of mind deficits in bipolar disorder in remission

Year 2020, Volume: 4 Issue: 7, 527 - 530, 01.07.2020
https://doi.org/10.28982/josam.764012

Abstract

Aims: Theory of Mind (ToM), a concept used to describe an individual's social cognitive abilities that play roles in social interaction, may have a significant role in explaining the clinical variables and social problems of affective disorders. This study aims to determine whether ToM functions are impaired in Bipolar Disorder (BD) compared to healthy controls as well as investigate the association between clinical variables of ToM deficit and social competence.
Methods: A total of 50 patients diagnosed with BD who were in remission and 50 healthy control subjects were included in this cross-sectional study. Demographic data and medical history of participants were assessed, and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Eyes test, Hinting Task, Social Adaptation and Self-Evaluation Scale (SASS), Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised (WAIS-R) tests were administered.
Results: There were no significant differences with regards to age, gender and BDI scores between patient and control groups. Hinting test (P=0.001), Eyes test (P=0.001), SASS (P=0.007) and WAIS-R (P=0.001) scores were higher in the control group. There was a significant correlation between Hinting Test and WAIS-R (r=0.430, P=0.001), and between Eyes Test and age (r.-0.590, P=0.001), duration of bipolar disorder (r=-0.554, P=0.001), number of manic attacks (r=0.590, P=0.001) and WAIS-R (r=0.343, P=0.050). Logistic regression analysis showed that compared to the patient group, control group was related to Eyes test by 1.2-fold for each point increase in Eyes test (P=0.001) and 1.3-fold for each point increase in Hinting test (P=0.003).
Conclusion: ToM deficit was an essential factor that separated BD patients in remission from healthy individuals. ToM deficit may play a role in the essential pathology or affect the presence, or even onset, of BD.

References

  • 1. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) 1995.
  • 2. Harrington L, Siegert R, McClure JJCn. Theory of mind in schizophrenia: a critical review. Cog Neurosci. 2005;10(4):249-86.
  • 3. Tager-Flusberg H, Sullivan KJC. A componential view of Theory of mind: evidence from Williams syndrome. Cognition. 2000;76(1):59-90.
  • 4. Sabbagh MAJB, cognition. Understanding orbitofrontal contributions to theory-of-mind reasoning: implications for autism. Brain and Cognition. 2004;55(1):209-19.
  • 5. Shamay-Tsoory SG, Shur S, Barcai-Goodman L, Medlovich S, Harari H, Levkovitz YJ. Dissociation of cognitive from affective components of Theory of mind in schizophrenia. Psychiatry Research. 2007;149(1-3):11-23.
  • 6. Hisli N. A reliability and validity study of Beck Depression Inventory in a university student sample. Psikoloji Dergisi. 1989;7:3-13.
  • 7. Beck AT, Epstein N, Brown G, Steer R. An inventory for measuring clinical anxiety: psychometric properties. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1988;56(6):893.
  • 8. Ulusoy M, Sahin NH, Erkmen HJ. The Beck anxiety inventory: psychometric properties. J Cogn Psychother. 1998;12(2):163-72.
  • 9. Corcoran R, Mercer G, Frith C. Schizophrenia, symptomatology and social inference: investigating "theory of mind" in people with schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Research. 1995;17(1):5-13.
  • 10. Bora E, Gökçen S, Kayahan B, Veznedaroglu B. Deficits of social-cognitive and social-perceptual aspects of Theory of mind in remitted patients with schizophrenia: effect of residual symptoms. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. 2008;196(2):95-9.
  • 11. Tas C, Danaci AE, Cubukcuoglu Z, Brüne M. Impact of family involvement on social cognition training in clinically stable outpatients with schizophrenia—a randomized pilot study. Psychiatry Research. 2012;195(1-2):32-8.
  • 12. Yildirim EA, Kaşar M, Güdük M, Ateş E, Küçükparlak İ, Özalmete E. Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test Turkish Reliability Study. Turkish Journal of Psychiatry. 2011;22(3):1-8
  • 13. Bosc M, Dubini A, Polin V. Development and validation of a social functioning scale, the Social Adaptation Self-evaluation Scale. European Neuropsychopharmacology. 1997;7(1):57-70.
  • 14. Wechsler D. WAIS-R manual: Wechsler adult intelligence scale-revised: Psychological Corporation; 1981.
  • 15. Savaşır I, Şahin N, Ankara. The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children manual. Turkish Psychology Association Publication, 1995.
  • 16. Bora E, Vahip S, Gonul A, Akdeniz F, Alkan M, Ogut M, et al. Evidence for Theory of mind deficits in euthymic patients with bipolar disorder. Acta Psychiatrica. 2005;112(2):110-6.
  • 17. Ma DL, Qu JQ, Goh EL, Tang F. Reorganization of basolateral amygdala-subiculum circuitry in mouse epilepsy model. Frontiers in Neuroanatomy. 2016;9:167.
  • 18. Friedman L, Avallone J, Magrys B. Maturational effects of single and multiple early-life seizures on AMPA receptors in prepubescent hippocampus. Developmental Neuroscience. 2007;29(6):427-37.
  • 19. Iori V, Maroso M, Rizzi M, Iyer AM, Vertemara R, Carli M, et al. Receptor for Advanced Glycation Endproducts is upregulated in temporal lobe epilepsy and contributes to experimental seizures. Neurobiology of Disease. 2013;58:102-14.
  • 20. Kurnaz A, Barişik C. Relationship Between Gifted Students' Motivational Beliefs and Creative Thinking Skills In Science. Milli Eğitim Dergisi. 2018;47(220):59-78.
  • 21. Senturk V, Goker C, Bilgic A, Olmez S, Tugcu H, Oncu B, et al. Impaired verbal memory and otherwise spared cognition in remitted bipolar patients on monotherapy with lithium or valproate. Bipolar Disorders. 2007;9:136-44.
  • 22. Çalişir Ö, Atbaşoğlu E, Özgüven H, Ölmez Ş. Cognitive Functions in High Functioning Autism and High Functioning Schizophrenia. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi. 2018;11:1-10
  • 23. Yağci S. Neuropsychological Assessment Guide in Epilepsy Surgery. Journal of the Turkish Epilepsi Society. 2012;3:33-43
  • 24. Wolkenstein L, Schönenberg M, Schirm E, Hautzinger M. I can see what you feel, but I can't deal with it: Impaired Theory of mind in depression. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2011;132(1-2):104-11.
  • 25. Wang L, Zhong Z, Hu J, Rong X, Liu J, Xiao S, et al. Sertraline plus deanxit to treat patients with depression and anxiety in chronic somatic diseases: A randomized controlled trial. BMC Psychiatry. 2015;15(1):84.
  • 26. Xiao T, Qiu H, Chen Y, Zhou X, Wu K, Ruan X, et al. Prevalence of anxiety and depression symptoms and their associated factors in mild COPD patients from community settings, Shanghai, China: a cross-sectional study. BMC Psychiatry. 2018;18(1):89.
  • 27. Dunbar R. The social brain hypothesis. Anthropology. 1998;6(5):178-90.
  • 28. Gallagher HL, Frith CD. Functional imaging of 'theory of mind'. Trends in Cognitive Sciences. 2003;7(2):77-83.
  • 29. Inoue Y, Tonooka Y, Yamada K, Kanba S. Deficiency of Theory of mind in patients with remitted mood disorder. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2004;82(3):403-9.
  • 30. Duman T. Theory of mind and executive functions in bipolar disorder patients and their first-degree relatives: Pamukkale University Faculty of Medicine; 2014.

Remisyon dönemi bipolar bozuklukta zihin kuramı işlev bozukluğu

Year 2020, Volume: 4 Issue: 7, 527 - 530, 01.07.2020
https://doi.org/10.28982/josam.764012

Abstract

Amaç: Zihin kuramı (ZK) bireyin sosyal etkileşimde rol oynayan sosyal bilişsel yeteneklerini tanımlamak için kullanılan bir kavramdır ve duygu durum bozukluklularının kliniğinde ve sosyal problemlerini açıklamakta önemli bir rolü olabilir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, remisyon döneminde olan bipolar bozukluk (BB) hastalarında sağlıklı kontrollere göre zihin kuramı yetilerinde bozukluk olup olmadığı ve ZK kusurunun cinsiyet, eğitim düzeyi, hastalık süresi, atak sayısı, hastaneye yatış öyküsü, öz kıyım girişimi öyküsü gibi klinik değişkenler ve sosyal uyum ile ilişkisini araştırmaktır.
Yöntemler: Çalışma kesitsel dizaynda tasarlanmış ve remisyon döneminde olan 50 BB hastası ve 50 sağlıklı katılımcıdan oluşan kontrol grubu dahil edilmiştir. Demografik bilgiler ve hastalık öyküsü alınmış, Beck Depresyon Envanteri (BDE), Beck Anksiyete Envanteri (BAE), İma Testi, Gözler Testi, Sosyal Uyum ve Kendini Değerlendirme Ölçeği (SUKDÖ), Muhakeme Becerisi (MB) testleri uygulanmıştır.
Bulgular: Gruplar arasında yaş, cinsiyet ve BDE puanları arasında anlamlı fark yoktu. İma testi (P=0,001), Gözler Testi (P=0,001), SUKDÖ (P=0,007) ve MB (P=0,001) puanları kontrol grubunda anlamlı olarak yüksek idi. İma testi ve MB arasında anlamlı pozitif korelasyon vardı (r=0,430, P=0,001). Göz Testi ile yaş (r=-0,555, P=0,001), hastalık süresi (r=-0,554, P=0,001), manik atak sayısı (r=-0,590, P=0,001) ve MB (r=0,343, P=0,050) arasında korelasyon saptandı. Lojistik regresyon analizi ile kontrol grubunun hasta grubu ile kıyaslandığında Gözler testinde her puan artışı ile 1,2 kat (P=0,001), İma testinin her puan artışı 1.3 kat (P=0,003) ilişkili olduğu gözlendi.
Sonuç: ZK kusurunun, diğer özellikleri ne olursa olsun BB düzelme döneminde olan bireyi sağlıklılardan ayıran önemli bir etmen olduğu saptanmıştır. ZK kusurunun BB’nin temel patolojisinde yer aldığı ve patolojinin varlığını etkilediği düşünülmüştür.

References

  • 1. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) 1995.
  • 2. Harrington L, Siegert R, McClure JJCn. Theory of mind in schizophrenia: a critical review. Cog Neurosci. 2005;10(4):249-86.
  • 3. Tager-Flusberg H, Sullivan KJC. A componential view of Theory of mind: evidence from Williams syndrome. Cognition. 2000;76(1):59-90.
  • 4. Sabbagh MAJB, cognition. Understanding orbitofrontal contributions to theory-of-mind reasoning: implications for autism. Brain and Cognition. 2004;55(1):209-19.
  • 5. Shamay-Tsoory SG, Shur S, Barcai-Goodman L, Medlovich S, Harari H, Levkovitz YJ. Dissociation of cognitive from affective components of Theory of mind in schizophrenia. Psychiatry Research. 2007;149(1-3):11-23.
  • 6. Hisli N. A reliability and validity study of Beck Depression Inventory in a university student sample. Psikoloji Dergisi. 1989;7:3-13.
  • 7. Beck AT, Epstein N, Brown G, Steer R. An inventory for measuring clinical anxiety: psychometric properties. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1988;56(6):893.
  • 8. Ulusoy M, Sahin NH, Erkmen HJ. The Beck anxiety inventory: psychometric properties. J Cogn Psychother. 1998;12(2):163-72.
  • 9. Corcoran R, Mercer G, Frith C. Schizophrenia, symptomatology and social inference: investigating "theory of mind" in people with schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Research. 1995;17(1):5-13.
  • 10. Bora E, Gökçen S, Kayahan B, Veznedaroglu B. Deficits of social-cognitive and social-perceptual aspects of Theory of mind in remitted patients with schizophrenia: effect of residual symptoms. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. 2008;196(2):95-9.
  • 11. Tas C, Danaci AE, Cubukcuoglu Z, Brüne M. Impact of family involvement on social cognition training in clinically stable outpatients with schizophrenia—a randomized pilot study. Psychiatry Research. 2012;195(1-2):32-8.
  • 12. Yildirim EA, Kaşar M, Güdük M, Ateş E, Küçükparlak İ, Özalmete E. Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test Turkish Reliability Study. Turkish Journal of Psychiatry. 2011;22(3):1-8
  • 13. Bosc M, Dubini A, Polin V. Development and validation of a social functioning scale, the Social Adaptation Self-evaluation Scale. European Neuropsychopharmacology. 1997;7(1):57-70.
  • 14. Wechsler D. WAIS-R manual: Wechsler adult intelligence scale-revised: Psychological Corporation; 1981.
  • 15. Savaşır I, Şahin N, Ankara. The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children manual. Turkish Psychology Association Publication, 1995.
  • 16. Bora E, Vahip S, Gonul A, Akdeniz F, Alkan M, Ogut M, et al. Evidence for Theory of mind deficits in euthymic patients with bipolar disorder. Acta Psychiatrica. 2005;112(2):110-6.
  • 17. Ma DL, Qu JQ, Goh EL, Tang F. Reorganization of basolateral amygdala-subiculum circuitry in mouse epilepsy model. Frontiers in Neuroanatomy. 2016;9:167.
  • 18. Friedman L, Avallone J, Magrys B. Maturational effects of single and multiple early-life seizures on AMPA receptors in prepubescent hippocampus. Developmental Neuroscience. 2007;29(6):427-37.
  • 19. Iori V, Maroso M, Rizzi M, Iyer AM, Vertemara R, Carli M, et al. Receptor for Advanced Glycation Endproducts is upregulated in temporal lobe epilepsy and contributes to experimental seizures. Neurobiology of Disease. 2013;58:102-14.
  • 20. Kurnaz A, Barişik C. Relationship Between Gifted Students' Motivational Beliefs and Creative Thinking Skills In Science. Milli Eğitim Dergisi. 2018;47(220):59-78.
  • 21. Senturk V, Goker C, Bilgic A, Olmez S, Tugcu H, Oncu B, et al. Impaired verbal memory and otherwise spared cognition in remitted bipolar patients on monotherapy with lithium or valproate. Bipolar Disorders. 2007;9:136-44.
  • 22. Çalişir Ö, Atbaşoğlu E, Özgüven H, Ölmez Ş. Cognitive Functions in High Functioning Autism and High Functioning Schizophrenia. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi. 2018;11:1-10
  • 23. Yağci S. Neuropsychological Assessment Guide in Epilepsy Surgery. Journal of the Turkish Epilepsi Society. 2012;3:33-43
  • 24. Wolkenstein L, Schönenberg M, Schirm E, Hautzinger M. I can see what you feel, but I can't deal with it: Impaired Theory of mind in depression. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2011;132(1-2):104-11.
  • 25. Wang L, Zhong Z, Hu J, Rong X, Liu J, Xiao S, et al. Sertraline plus deanxit to treat patients with depression and anxiety in chronic somatic diseases: A randomized controlled trial. BMC Psychiatry. 2015;15(1):84.
  • 26. Xiao T, Qiu H, Chen Y, Zhou X, Wu K, Ruan X, et al. Prevalence of anxiety and depression symptoms and their associated factors in mild COPD patients from community settings, Shanghai, China: a cross-sectional study. BMC Psychiatry. 2018;18(1):89.
  • 27. Dunbar R. The social brain hypothesis. Anthropology. 1998;6(5):178-90.
  • 28. Gallagher HL, Frith CD. Functional imaging of 'theory of mind'. Trends in Cognitive Sciences. 2003;7(2):77-83.
  • 29. Inoue Y, Tonooka Y, Yamada K, Kanba S. Deficiency of Theory of mind in patients with remitted mood disorder. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2004;82(3):403-9.
  • 30. Duman T. Theory of mind and executive functions in bipolar disorder patients and their first-degree relatives: Pamukkale University Faculty of Medicine; 2014.
There are 30 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Psychiatry
Journal Section Research article
Authors

Oğuzhan Kılınçel 0000-0003-2988-4631

Saygın Eker 0000-0003-4629-8669

Şenay Kılınçel 0000-0001-5298-0264

Publication Date July 1, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 4 Issue: 7

Cite

APA Kılınçel, O., Eker, S., & Kılınçel, Ş. (2020). Theory of mind deficits in bipolar disorder in remission. Journal of Surgery and Medicine, 4(7), 527-530. https://doi.org/10.28982/josam.764012
AMA Kılınçel O, Eker S, Kılınçel Ş. Theory of mind deficits in bipolar disorder in remission. J Surg Med. July 2020;4(7):527-530. doi:10.28982/josam.764012
Chicago Kılınçel, Oğuzhan, Saygın Eker, and Şenay Kılınçel. “Theory of Mind Deficits in Bipolar Disorder in Remission”. Journal of Surgery and Medicine 4, no. 7 (July 2020): 527-30. https://doi.org/10.28982/josam.764012.
EndNote Kılınçel O, Eker S, Kılınçel Ş (July 1, 2020) Theory of mind deficits in bipolar disorder in remission. Journal of Surgery and Medicine 4 7 527–530.
IEEE O. Kılınçel, S. Eker, and Ş. Kılınçel, “Theory of mind deficits in bipolar disorder in remission”, J Surg Med, vol. 4, no. 7, pp. 527–530, 2020, doi: 10.28982/josam.764012.
ISNAD Kılınçel, Oğuzhan et al. “Theory of Mind Deficits in Bipolar Disorder in Remission”. Journal of Surgery and Medicine 4/7 (July 2020), 527-530. https://doi.org/10.28982/josam.764012.
JAMA Kılınçel O, Eker S, Kılınçel Ş. Theory of mind deficits in bipolar disorder in remission. J Surg Med. 2020;4:527–530.
MLA Kılınçel, Oğuzhan et al. “Theory of Mind Deficits in Bipolar Disorder in Remission”. Journal of Surgery and Medicine, vol. 4, no. 7, 2020, pp. 527-30, doi:10.28982/josam.764012.
Vancouver Kılınçel O, Eker S, Kılınçel Ş. Theory of mind deficits in bipolar disorder in remission. J Surg Med. 2020;4(7):527-30.