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RISKS IN THE SAFETY CIRCLE: NEWBORN CARE PRACTICES OF MOTHERS

Year 2023, Volume: 8 Issue: 3, 469 - 482, 28.12.2023

Bahtışen Kartal Bahriye Kaplan

https://doi.org/10.47115/jshs.1212788

Abstract

Aim: This study was conducted to evaluate the newborn care practices of mothers in terms of newborn safety risk.
Method: This research is descriptive. The study included 248 mothers with newborn babies. The study was carried out in Nevşehir State Hospital between May 2018 and August 2019. The data were collected using the Questionnaire Form and the Neonatal Safety Information Form developed by the researchers.
Results:Of the mothers, 44.8% experience the risk of falling their infant, they fall asleep while breastfeeding at night, 10.5% rock their infant hard to put them to sleep, 35.5% swaddled their infant tightly, 52.0% put hot water with a thermophore on their infant's feet when in the presence of gas discomfort. Of the mothers, 25.4% used detergent and bleach while washing the infant's clothes, 48.0% used pacifier clip/holders, and 54.0% used powder for diaper rash.
Conclusions and Suggestions: In the study, it was determined that infants might be exposed to risks such as aspiration, infection, falling, swing fast, burns and trauma due to swaddling, unsafe travel, exposure to chemicals, and suffocation of infants. For newborn safety, mothers should be trained in newborn care beginningfrom their pregnancy and ensure the continuity of these pieces of training.

Keywords

Newborn safety Mothers Care practices Risks

References

  • Agran, P. F., Anderson, C., Winn, D., Trent, R., Walton-Haynes, L., & Thayer, S. (2003). Rates of pediatric injuries by 3-month intervals for children 0 to 3 years of age. Pediatrics, 111(6), 683-692. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.111.6.e683
  • American Academy of Pediatrics, (2022), Safe Sleep, https://www.aap.org/en/patient-care/safe-sleep
  • Arısoy, A., Canbulat, N., Ayhan, F. (2014). Traditional methods applied by mothers in the province of Karaman in the care of their babies. Anatolian Journal of Nursing and Health Sciences, 17(1), 23-31. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/29657
  • Aşut, G., & Gözen, D. (2020). Determining the bathing habits of mothers in their infants. BSJ Health Sci, 3(1), 1-7.
  • Atayoglu, A. T., & Atayoglu, A. G. (2023). Assessment of car seat safety awareness among parents: The vital role of family physicians. Medical Science and Discovery, 10(2), 103-108. http://dx.doi.org/10.36472/msd.v10i2.883
  • Aydemir, H., & Ekti Genç R. (2020). The Investigation of Literature on Intercultural Practices in Neonatal Care. Kırşehir Ahi Evran University Journal of Health Sciences, 1(1), 53-59. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/2017223.
  • Berhan, D., & Gulema, H. (2018). Level of knowledge and associated factors of postnatal mothers' towards essential newborn care practices at governmental health centers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Advances in Public Health, https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/8921818.
  • Birol L. (2018). Nursing Process, Basic Concepts of Nursing. Ankara: Academician Bookstore. p.14-15.
  • Bulto, G. A., Fekene, D. B., Moti, B. E., Demissie, G. A., & Daka, K. B. (2019). Knowledge of neonatal danger signs, care seeking practice and associated factors among postpartum mothers at public health facilities in Ambo town, Central Ethiopia. BMC research notes, 12(1), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13104-019-4583-7
  • Celasin, N. Ş., & Sevinç, H. Y. (2019). Child Safety in a Vehicle: Using a Child Car Safety Seat. Life Sciences, 14(4), 94-103. DOI: 10.12739/NWSA.2019.14.4.4B0029.
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 2019. Sudden Unexpected Infant Death and Sudden Infant Death Syndrome. https://www.cdc.gov/sids/data.htm (Date of access 20.08.2021).
  • Çınar, İ. Ö., Aslan, G. K., Kartal, A., İnci, F. H., & Koştu, N. A. (2015). Investigation of traditional methods applied by mothers in care of 0-1 year old babies. TAF Prev Med Bull, 14(5), 378-386. https://doi.org/10.5455/pmb.1-1426018987.
  • Durduran, Y., Pekcan, S., & Çolpan, B. (2019). Sleep habits and related factors in kindergarten children. Niger J Clin Pract, 22(9), 1218-23. https://doi.org/10.4103/njcp.njcp_520_18.
  • Erdoğan, Ç., & Turan, T. (2018). Preferences of mothers in terms of safe sleep in newborns. Journal of Turkish Sleep Medicine, 5, 58-61. https://doi.org/10.4274/jtsm.25743.
  • Ergin, A., Acar, G. A., & Baltacı, K. (2020). Traditional methods used by parents with 0-24 month old babies in baby care. JCP, 18(3), 370-389. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/1450755.
  • Erkut, Z., & Yıldız, S. (2017). In Baby Care: Traditional Swaddling? Secure Wrapping? International Refereed Journal of Nursing Research, 10, 268-283. https://doi.org/10.17371/UHD2017.2.13.
  • Gao, X., & Simpson, E. L. (2014). Market trends in baby skin care products and implications for clinical practice. Pediatric dermatology, 31(6), 734-738. https://doi.org/10.1111/pde.12424.
  • Garlich, F. M., & Nelson, L. S. (2011). Inhalation of baby powder. Emerg Med, 43(1), 17-20. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.302.6786.1200.
  • Gürsoy, F., Aydoğdu, F., Aysu, B., & Aral, N. (2020). Traditional Practices on Infant Health and Development. Gumushane University Journal of Social Sciences, 11(additional), 183-193. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/1435695.
  • İnci, R., Aslan, S., Çınar, E., & Çeçen, S. (2019). Culture-specific approaches to infant care in the postpartum period of mothers aged 15-49 living in Batman. Batman University Journal of Life Sciences, 9(2), 225-235. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/910263.
  • Kahn, D.J., Fisher, P.D., & Hertzler, D.A. (2017). Variation in management of in-hospital newborn falls: a single-center experience. Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics, 20(2), 176-182. https://doi.org/10.3171/2017.3.PEDS16651.
  • Kaya, Ö. (2022). Knowledge and Practices of Nurse Mothers on Traditional Methods Used in Baby Care, Master's thesis, Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey University.
  • Ko, Y.H., & Geh, C.S. (2018). Whole Body Vibration Analysis of Baby Hammock. In MATEC Web of Conferences. 217, 01005. https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201821701005.
  • Kural, B., & Gokcay, G. (2018). Co-sleeping of the mother-baby duo and breastfeeding. Journal of Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, 81(2), 62-67. https://doi.org/10.26650/IUITFD.351723.
  • Kuzlu Ayyıldız, T., Özdemir, S., Topan, A., Cebeci, E., Kuzlu, N., & Toplu, M. (2020). Estimation of Awareness of Acts and Information on Sleep Safety in Those Parents that Have 0-13-month-old Babies. Journal of Turkish Sleep Medicine, 2, 73-79. https://doi.org/10.4274/jtsm.galenos.2020.63634
  • Leta, M. (2022). Level of knowledge toward essential newborn care practices among postnatal mothers in governmental hospitals of Harar Town, Eastern Ethiopia. SAGE Open Medicine, 10, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1177/20503121221076364.
  • Lipke, B., Gilbert, G., Shimer, H., Consenstein, L., Aris, C., Ponto, L., ... & Kowal, C. (2018). Newborn safety bundle to prevent falls and promote safe sleep. MCN: The American Journal of Maternal/Child Nursing, 43(1), 32-37. https://doi.org/10.1097/NMC.0000000000000402.
  • Ministry of Health, (2019). Basic Newborn Care Book. General Directorate of Public Health Department of Child and Adolescent Health. ttps://hsgm.saglik.gov.tr/depo/birimler/cocuk_ergen_db/dokumanlar/yayinlar/Kitaplar/1.2_revizyon_19.11.2019_Temel_Yenidogan_Bakimi_Kitabi_1.pdf Date of Access: 29.05.2021.
  • Monson, S. A., Henry, E., Lambert, D. K., Schmutz, N., & Christensen, R. D. (2008). In-hospital falls of newborn infants: data from a multihospital health care system. Pediatrics, 122(2), e277-e280. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2007-3811
  • Newberry, J.A. (2019). Creating a safe sleep environment for the infant: what the pediatric nurse needs to know. Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 44, 119-122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedn.2018.12.001.
  • Örün, E. (2015). Clothes and child health: What to wear? How to wash? Journal of Child Health and Diseases, 58(1),43-49. https://l24.im/QX1oO.
  • Özbörü Aşkan, Ö., Keskindemirci, G., Kılıç, A., & Gökçay, G. (2018). Evaluation of sleep safety in infants: preliminary results of a pilot study. Children's Journal, 18(3):135-139. https://doi.org/10.5222/j.child.2018.63307.
  • Özdemir, S. (2020). Traditional Practices in Baby Care. Health and Society, 20(3), 3-10. https://l24.im/1BQ98sd
  • Özkan, H., Üst, D.Z. (2016). Evaluation of the Newborn in the Delivery Room, Neonatal Health and Diseases for Midwives. 1st Edition. Elazig: Anadolu Nobel Medicine Bookstore. p118-119.
  • Rengin, R., Kılıççıoğlu, E., Sipahi, H. (2021). Safety of cosmetic products for babies and children. Hacettepe University Journal of the Faculty of Pharmacy, 41(2),117-132. https://doi.org/10.52794/hujpharm.878661
  • Singh, D. R., Harvey, C. M., Bohara, P., Nath, D., Singh, S., Szabo, S., & Karki, K. (2019). Factors associated with newborn care knowledge and practices in the upper Himalayas. PloS one, 14(9), e0222582. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0222582. eCollection 2019
  • Şenoğlu, A., Taşpınar, A., & Karaçam, Z. (2020). Patient safety and responsibilities of midwives in labor and postpartum period. Mustafa Kemal University Medical Journal, 11(40), 66-73. https://doi.org/10.17944/mkutfd.535827
  • UNICEF, (2023). Neonatal mortality, https://data.unicef.org/topic/child-survival/neonatal-mortality/
  • Uysal, G., Beydağ, K. D., & Düzkaya, D. S. (2019). Traditional Practıces On Baby Care In Parents Wıth 0-12 Months Babıes, Acıbadem University Health Sciences Journal, (2), 211-217. https://doi.org/10.31067/0.2019.143
  • Whiteside-Mansell, L., Nabaweesi, R., Caballero, A. R., Mullins, S. H., Miller, B. K., & Aitken, M. E. (2017). Assessment of safe sleep: validation of the parent newborn sleep safety survey. Journal of pediatric nursing, 35, 30-35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedn.2017.02.033
  • WHO, (2023). https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/levels-and-trends-in-child-mortality-report-2021.
  • Yıldız, H., Boyacı, B. (2019). The knowledge levels of mothers, their needs and related factors regarding neonatal care before discharge in the postpartum period. Mersin University Journal of Health Sciences, 12(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.26559/mersinsbd.396373

Güvenlik Çemberindeki Riskler: Annelerin Yenidoğan Bakım Uygulamaları

Year 2023, Volume: 8 Issue: 3, 469 - 482, 28.12.2023

Bahtışen Kartal Bahriye Kaplan

https://doi.org/10.47115/jshs.1212788

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışma, annelerin yenidoğan bakım uygulamalarını yenidoğan güvenliği açısından değerlendirmek amacıyla yapılmıştır.
Yöntem: Bu araştırma tanımlayıcı bir araştırmadır. Çalışmaya yeni doğan bebeği olan 248 anne dahil edilmiştir. Çalışma Nevşehir Devlet Hastanesinde, Mayıs 2018- Ağustos 2019 tarihleri arasında yürütülmüştür. Veriler, araştırmacılar tarafından geliştirilen Anket Formu ve Neonatal Güvenliği Bilgi Formu kullanılarak toplanmıştır.
Bulgular: Annelerin; %44.8'inin bebeğini düşürme riski yaşadığı, gece emzirirken uykuya daldığı, %10.5'inin uyutmak için bebeğini sertçe salladığı, %35.5'inin bebeğini sıkıca kundak yaptığı, %52.0'sinin gaz sancısı olduğunda bebeklerinin ayaklarına termoforlu sıcak su koyduğu belirlenmiştir. Annelerin; %25.4'ünün bebeğin kıyafetlerini yıkarken deterjan ve çamaşır suyu, %48.0'ının emzik klipsi/tutucu, %54.0'ının pişik için pudra kullandığı belirlenmiştir.
Sonuçlar ve Öneriler: Çalışmada bebeklerin kundaklanma, güvenli olmayan seyahat, kimyasallara maruz kalma, aspirasyon, enfeksiyon, düşme, hızlı sallanma, yanık ve travma gibi risklere maruz kalabileceği belirlendi. Annelere gebeliklerinden itibaren yenidoğan bakımı konusunda eğitim verilmesi ve bu eğitimlerin sürekliliğinin sağlanması yenidoğan güvenliği açısından önemli olacaktır.

Keywords

Yenidoğan güvenliği Anneler Bakım Uygulamaları Riskler

References

  • Agran, P. F., Anderson, C., Winn, D., Trent, R., Walton-Haynes, L., & Thayer, S. (2003). Rates of pediatric injuries by 3-month intervals for children 0 to 3 years of age. Pediatrics, 111(6), 683-692. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.111.6.e683
  • American Academy of Pediatrics, (2022), Safe Sleep, https://www.aap.org/en/patient-care/safe-sleep
  • Arısoy, A., Canbulat, N., Ayhan, F. (2014). Traditional methods applied by mothers in the province of Karaman in the care of their babies. Anatolian Journal of Nursing and Health Sciences, 17(1), 23-31. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/29657
  • Aşut, G., & Gözen, D. (2020). Determining the bathing habits of mothers in their infants. BSJ Health Sci, 3(1), 1-7.
  • Atayoglu, A. T., & Atayoglu, A. G. (2023). Assessment of car seat safety awareness among parents: The vital role of family physicians. Medical Science and Discovery, 10(2), 103-108. http://dx.doi.org/10.36472/msd.v10i2.883
  • Aydemir, H., & Ekti Genç R. (2020). The Investigation of Literature on Intercultural Practices in Neonatal Care. Kırşehir Ahi Evran University Journal of Health Sciences, 1(1), 53-59. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/2017223.
  • Berhan, D., & Gulema, H. (2018). Level of knowledge and associated factors of postnatal mothers' towards essential newborn care practices at governmental health centers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Advances in Public Health, https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/8921818.
  • Birol L. (2018). Nursing Process, Basic Concepts of Nursing. Ankara: Academician Bookstore. p.14-15.
  • Bulto, G. A., Fekene, D. B., Moti, B. E., Demissie, G. A., & Daka, K. B. (2019). Knowledge of neonatal danger signs, care seeking practice and associated factors among postpartum mothers at public health facilities in Ambo town, Central Ethiopia. BMC research notes, 12(1), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13104-019-4583-7
  • Celasin, N. Ş., & Sevinç, H. Y. (2019). Child Safety in a Vehicle: Using a Child Car Safety Seat. Life Sciences, 14(4), 94-103. DOI: 10.12739/NWSA.2019.14.4.4B0029.
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 2019. Sudden Unexpected Infant Death and Sudden Infant Death Syndrome. https://www.cdc.gov/sids/data.htm (Date of access 20.08.2021).
  • Çınar, İ. Ö., Aslan, G. K., Kartal, A., İnci, F. H., & Koştu, N. A. (2015). Investigation of traditional methods applied by mothers in care of 0-1 year old babies. TAF Prev Med Bull, 14(5), 378-386. https://doi.org/10.5455/pmb.1-1426018987.
  • Durduran, Y., Pekcan, S., & Çolpan, B. (2019). Sleep habits and related factors in kindergarten children. Niger J Clin Pract, 22(9), 1218-23. https://doi.org/10.4103/njcp.njcp_520_18.
  • Erdoğan, Ç., & Turan, T. (2018). Preferences of mothers in terms of safe sleep in newborns. Journal of Turkish Sleep Medicine, 5, 58-61. https://doi.org/10.4274/jtsm.25743.
  • Ergin, A., Acar, G. A., & Baltacı, K. (2020). Traditional methods used by parents with 0-24 month old babies in baby care. JCP, 18(3), 370-389. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/1450755.
  • Erkut, Z., & Yıldız, S. (2017). In Baby Care: Traditional Swaddling? Secure Wrapping? International Refereed Journal of Nursing Research, 10, 268-283. https://doi.org/10.17371/UHD2017.2.13.
  • Gao, X., & Simpson, E. L. (2014). Market trends in baby skin care products and implications for clinical practice. Pediatric dermatology, 31(6), 734-738. https://doi.org/10.1111/pde.12424.
  • Garlich, F. M., & Nelson, L. S. (2011). Inhalation of baby powder. Emerg Med, 43(1), 17-20. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.302.6786.1200.
  • Gürsoy, F., Aydoğdu, F., Aysu, B., & Aral, N. (2020). Traditional Practices on Infant Health and Development. Gumushane University Journal of Social Sciences, 11(additional), 183-193. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/1435695.
  • İnci, R., Aslan, S., Çınar, E., & Çeçen, S. (2019). Culture-specific approaches to infant care in the postpartum period of mothers aged 15-49 living in Batman. Batman University Journal of Life Sciences, 9(2), 225-235. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/910263.
  • Kahn, D.J., Fisher, P.D., & Hertzler, D.A. (2017). Variation in management of in-hospital newborn falls: a single-center experience. Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics, 20(2), 176-182. https://doi.org/10.3171/2017.3.PEDS16651.
  • Kaya, Ö. (2022). Knowledge and Practices of Nurse Mothers on Traditional Methods Used in Baby Care, Master's thesis, Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey University.
  • Ko, Y.H., & Geh, C.S. (2018). Whole Body Vibration Analysis of Baby Hammock. In MATEC Web of Conferences. 217, 01005. https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201821701005.
  • Kural, B., & Gokcay, G. (2018). Co-sleeping of the mother-baby duo and breastfeeding. Journal of Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, 81(2), 62-67. https://doi.org/10.26650/IUITFD.351723.
  • Kuzlu Ayyıldız, T., Özdemir, S., Topan, A., Cebeci, E., Kuzlu, N., & Toplu, M. (2020). Estimation of Awareness of Acts and Information on Sleep Safety in Those Parents that Have 0-13-month-old Babies. Journal of Turkish Sleep Medicine, 2, 73-79. https://doi.org/10.4274/jtsm.galenos.2020.63634
  • Leta, M. (2022). Level of knowledge toward essential newborn care practices among postnatal mothers in governmental hospitals of Harar Town, Eastern Ethiopia. SAGE Open Medicine, 10, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1177/20503121221076364.
  • Lipke, B., Gilbert, G., Shimer, H., Consenstein, L., Aris, C., Ponto, L., ... & Kowal, C. (2018). Newborn safety bundle to prevent falls and promote safe sleep. MCN: The American Journal of Maternal/Child Nursing, 43(1), 32-37. https://doi.org/10.1097/NMC.0000000000000402.
  • Ministry of Health, (2019). Basic Newborn Care Book. General Directorate of Public Health Department of Child and Adolescent Health. ttps://hsgm.saglik.gov.tr/depo/birimler/cocuk_ergen_db/dokumanlar/yayinlar/Kitaplar/1.2_revizyon_19.11.2019_Temel_Yenidogan_Bakimi_Kitabi_1.pdf Date of Access: 29.05.2021.
  • Monson, S. A., Henry, E., Lambert, D. K., Schmutz, N., & Christensen, R. D. (2008). In-hospital falls of newborn infants: data from a multihospital health care system. Pediatrics, 122(2), e277-e280. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2007-3811
  • Newberry, J.A. (2019). Creating a safe sleep environment for the infant: what the pediatric nurse needs to know. Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 44, 119-122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedn.2018.12.001.
  • Örün, E. (2015). Clothes and child health: What to wear? How to wash? Journal of Child Health and Diseases, 58(1),43-49. https://l24.im/QX1oO.
  • Özbörü Aşkan, Ö., Keskindemirci, G., Kılıç, A., & Gökçay, G. (2018). Evaluation of sleep safety in infants: preliminary results of a pilot study. Children's Journal, 18(3):135-139. https://doi.org/10.5222/j.child.2018.63307.
  • Özdemir, S. (2020). Traditional Practices in Baby Care. Health and Society, 20(3), 3-10. https://l24.im/1BQ98sd
  • Özkan, H., Üst, D.Z. (2016). Evaluation of the Newborn in the Delivery Room, Neonatal Health and Diseases for Midwives. 1st Edition. Elazig: Anadolu Nobel Medicine Bookstore. p118-119.
  • Rengin, R., Kılıççıoğlu, E., Sipahi, H. (2021). Safety of cosmetic products for babies and children. Hacettepe University Journal of the Faculty of Pharmacy, 41(2),117-132. https://doi.org/10.52794/hujpharm.878661
  • Singh, D. R., Harvey, C. M., Bohara, P., Nath, D., Singh, S., Szabo, S., & Karki, K. (2019). Factors associated with newborn care knowledge and practices in the upper Himalayas. PloS one, 14(9), e0222582. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0222582. eCollection 2019
  • Şenoğlu, A., Taşpınar, A., & Karaçam, Z. (2020). Patient safety and responsibilities of midwives in labor and postpartum period. Mustafa Kemal University Medical Journal, 11(40), 66-73. https://doi.org/10.17944/mkutfd.535827
  • UNICEF, (2023). Neonatal mortality, https://data.unicef.org/topic/child-survival/neonatal-mortality/
  • Uysal, G., Beydağ, K. D., & Düzkaya, D. S. (2019). Traditional Practıces On Baby Care In Parents Wıth 0-12 Months Babıes, Acıbadem University Health Sciences Journal, (2), 211-217. https://doi.org/10.31067/0.2019.143
  • Whiteside-Mansell, L., Nabaweesi, R., Caballero, A. R., Mullins, S. H., Miller, B. K., & Aitken, M. E. (2017). Assessment of safe sleep: validation of the parent newborn sleep safety survey. Journal of pediatric nursing, 35, 30-35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedn.2017.02.033
  • WHO, (2023). https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/levels-and-trends-in-child-mortality-report-2021.
  • Yıldız, H., Boyacı, B. (2019). The knowledge levels of mothers, their needs and related factors regarding neonatal care before discharge in the postpartum period. Mersin University Journal of Health Sciences, 12(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.26559/mersinsbd.396373
There are 42 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Original Research
Authors

Bahtışen Kartal 0000-0002-2168-6844

Bahriye Kaplan 0000-0003-1600-3188

Early Pub Date December 27, 2023
Publication Date December 28, 2023
Submission Date November 30, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 8 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Kartal, B., & Kaplan, B. (2023). RISKS IN THE SAFETY CIRCLE: NEWBORN CARE PRACTICES OF MOTHERS. Samsun Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 8(3), 469-482. https://doi.org/10.47115/jshs.1212788
AMA Kartal B, Kaplan B. RISKS IN THE SAFETY CIRCLE: NEWBORN CARE PRACTICES OF MOTHERS. JSHS. December 2023;8(3):469-482. doi:10.47115/jshs.1212788
Chicago Kartal, Bahtışen, and Bahriye Kaplan. “RISKS IN THE SAFETY CIRCLE: NEWBORN CARE PRACTICES OF MOTHERS”. Samsun Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 8, no. 3 (December 2023): 469-82. https://doi.org/10.47115/jshs.1212788.
EndNote Kartal B, Kaplan B (December 1, 2023) RISKS IN THE SAFETY CIRCLE: NEWBORN CARE PRACTICES OF MOTHERS. Samsun Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 8 3 469–482.
IEEE B. Kartal and B. Kaplan, “RISKS IN THE SAFETY CIRCLE: NEWBORN CARE PRACTICES OF MOTHERS”, JSHS, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 469–482, 2023, doi: 10.47115/jshs.1212788.
ISNAD Kartal, Bahtışen - Kaplan, Bahriye. “RISKS IN THE SAFETY CIRCLE: NEWBORN CARE PRACTICES OF MOTHERS”. Samsun Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 8/3 (December 2023), 469-482. https://doi.org/10.47115/jshs.1212788.
JAMA Kartal B, Kaplan B. RISKS IN THE SAFETY CIRCLE: NEWBORN CARE PRACTICES OF MOTHERS. JSHS. 2023;8:469–482.
MLA Kartal, Bahtışen and Bahriye Kaplan. “RISKS IN THE SAFETY CIRCLE: NEWBORN CARE PRACTICES OF MOTHERS”. Samsun Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, vol. 8, no. 3, 2023, pp. 469-82, doi:10.47115/jshs.1212788.
Vancouver Kartal B, Kaplan B. RISKS IN THE SAFETY CIRCLE: NEWBORN CARE PRACTICES OF MOTHERS. JSHS. 2023;8(3):469-82.
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