Research Article
Traumatic Stress Symptoms, Physical Symptoms and Psychological Resilience Experienced in Nursing Students After the Kahramanmaraş Earthquake in Turkey
Abstract
The purpose of this study to examine students' emotional, cognitive, physical and behavioral reactions and psychological resilience after the Kahramanmaraş earthquake. The descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted with 358 students between 01.04.2023 and 30.04.2023. Personal information form, Traumatic Stress Symptom Scale, Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ)-15 (Somatization), Brief Psychological Resilience Scale were used to collect data. While the participants' mean score on the Traumatic Stress Symptom Scale was 35.91±12.38, their mean score on the Patient Health Scale was 11.49±7.35 and the mean score on the Brief Psychological Resilience Scale was 17.02±4.15. 12% of the participants' traumatic stress symptom score change is explained by the psychological resilience variable (R2 = 0.12, p = 0.00), and 9% of the Patient Health Scale score change is explained by the psychological resilience variable (R2 = 0.09, p = 0.00). It is seen that the scores obtained from the traumatic stress symptoms scale are high, somatic symptoms and psychological resilience levels are at medium levels. Psychological resilience has an impact on traumatic stress symptoms and physical symptoms.
References
- AFAD, Erişim Tarihi: 24.02.2023
- Alfuqaha, OA., Al-masarwah, UM., Farah, RI., Yasin, JA., Alkuttob, LA., Muslieh, NI., …Barakat, RO. (2023). The Impact of Turkey and Syria Earthquakes on University Students: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms, Meaning in Life, and Social Support. Behavioral Science; 13(7), 587. DOI: 10.3390/bs13070587.
- Başoğlu, M., Şalcıoğlu, E., Livanou, M., Özeren, M., Aker, AT., Kılıç C. (2001) A Study of The Validity Of A Screening İnstrument For Traumatic Stress İn Earthquake Survivors in Turkey. J Trauma Stress,14, 491-509.
- Burnett, Jr. H. J., & Helm, H. (2013). Relationship Between Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Resilience, And Religious Orientation And Practices Among University Student Earthquake Survivors in Haiti. International Journal of Emergency Mental Health and Human Resilience, 15 (2). 97-104
- Carmassi, C., Dell’Oste, V., Barberi, F., Pedrinelli, V., Cordone, A., Cappelli, A., . . . Dell’Osso, L. (2021). Do Somatic Symptoms Relate To PTSD And Gender After Earthquake Exposure? A Cross-Sectional Study On Young Adult Survivors in Italy. CNS Spectrums, 26(3), 268-274. DOI:10.1017/S1092852920000097
- Carter, F., Bell, C., Ali, A., McKenzie, J., Boden, JM., Wilkinson, T., Bell, C. (2016). Predictors Of Psychological Resilience Amongst Medical Students Following Major Earthquakes. N Z Med J., 129(1434),17-22. PMID: 27349259.
- Dhungana, S., Koirala, R., Ojha, S., Thapa, S. (2022). Resilience And İts Association With Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, Anxiety, And Depression Symptomatology İn The Aftermath Of Trauma: A Cross-Sectional Study From Nepal. Eur Psychiatry.1-65(Suppl 1), S673–4. DOI: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.1732.
- Doğan, T. (2015). Adaptation of the Brief Resilience Scale into Turkish: A validity and reliability study. The Journal of Happines and Well-Being, 3(1), 93-102.
- Farooqui, M., Quadri SA., Suriya SS., Khan MA., Ovais M., Sohail Z….Hassan M. (2017). Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Serious Post-Earthquake Complication. Trends Psychiatry Psychother, 39 (2), 135-143. DOI: 10.1590/2237-6089-2016-0029. PMID: 28700042.
- Gao, CX., Menssink, J., Campbell, TCH., Smith, CL., Ikin, JF., Lane, T… Carroll M. (2023) Somatic Symptoms, Psychological Distress And Trauma After Disasters: Lessons From The 2014 Hazelwood Mine Fire And 2019-20 Black Summer Bushfires. BMC Public Health. 18, 23(1), 1573. DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16501-1
- Kardaş, F., & Tanhan, F. (2018). Van Depremini Yaşayan Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Travma Sonrası Stres, Travma Sonrası Büyüme ve Umutsuzluk Düzeylerinin İncelenmesi. Van Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 15(1), 1-36.
- Kaye-Kauderer, H. P., Levine, J., Takeguchi, Y., Machida, M., Sekine, H., Taku, K., ... & Katz, C. (2019). Post-traumatic Growth And Resilience Among Medical Students After The March 2011 Disaster in Fukushima, Japan. Psychiatric quarterly, 90, 507-518.
- Kroenke, K., Spitzer, RL., Williams, JBW., Lowe, B. (2010). Patients Health Questionnaire Somatic, Anxiety, and Depressive Symptom Scales: A systematic review. Gen Hosp Psychiatry, 32, 345-59.
- Kurt, E. & Gülbahçe, A. (2019). Van Depremini Yaşayan Öğrencilerin Travma Sonrası Stres Bozukluğu Düzeylerinin İncelenmesi. Atatürk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 23(3), 957-972.
- Leiva-Bianchi, M., Cornejo, F., Fresno, A., Rojas, C., & Serrano, C. (2018). Effectiveness Of Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy For Post-Disaster Distress İn Post-Traumatic Stress Symptoms After Chilean Earthquake And Tsunami. Gaceta Sanitaria, 32, 291-296.
- Niu, Y., Jiang, N., Jiang, X. (2021). Factors related to the resilience of Tibetan adolescent survivors ten years after the Yushu earthquake. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction. 65; 102554. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2021.102554.
- Özkan, B. & Çetinkaya Kutun, F. (2021). Afet psikolojisi. Sağlık Akademisyenleri Dergisi ,8 (3), 249-256.
- Smith, BW., Dalen, J., Wiggins, K., Tooley, E., Christopher, P., Bernard, J. (2008). The Brief Resilience Scale: Assessing The Ability To Bounce Back. Int J Behav Med., 15, 194–200. DOI: 10.1080/10705500802222972
- Smith, B. W., Dalen, J., Wiggins, K., Tooley, E., Christopher, P., & Jennifer Bernard, J. (2008). The Brief Resilience Scale: Assessing The Ability To Bounce Back. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 15, 194–200.
- Sönmez, M. B. (2022). Depremin Psikolojik Etkileri, Psikolojik Destek ve Korkuyla Baş Etme. TOTBİD Dergisi, 21, 337-343.
- Şeker, B. D. & Akman, E. (2014). Van Depremi Sonrası Duygusal, Bilişsel ve Davranışsal Tepkiler: Polis Örneklemi İncelemesi. Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 15 (27), 215-231 . DOI: 10.21550/sosbilder.269510
- Trip, H., Tabakakis, K., Maskill, V., Richardson, S., Dolan, B., Josland, H… Houston G. (2018). Psychological Health And Resilience: The İmpact Of Significant Earthquake Events On Tertiary Level Professional Students. A Cross-Sectional Study. Contemp Nurse, 54 (3), 319-332. DOI: 10.1080/10376178.2018.1503549
- Wahab, S., Yong, LL., Chieng, WK., Yamil, M., Sawal, NA., Abdullah, NQ… Damanhuri, HA. (2021). Post-Traumatic Stress Symptoms İn Adolescents Exposed To The Earthquake İn Lombok, Indonesia: Prevalence And Association With Maladaptive Trauma-Related Cognition And Resilience. Front Psychiatry, 12, 680393. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.680393.
- Wang, S., Shi, X., Chen, X., Zhu, Y., Chen, H., Fan, F. (2021). Earthquake Exposure and PTSD Symptoms Among Disaster-Exposed Adolescents: A Moderated Mediation Model of Sleep Problems and Resilience. Front Psychiatry. 13(12), 577328. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.577328.
- Yazici Güleç, M., Güleç, H., Şimşek, G., Turhan, M., Sünbül, E.A. (2012). Psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the Patient Health Questionnaire–Somatic, Anxiety, and Depressive Symptoms. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 53, 623– 629.
- Yeon, D., Ji-Bum, C., and Dong-Hyeon I. (2020). The Effects of Earthquake Experience on Disaster Education for Children and Teens. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17 (15), 5347. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17155347
- Zhang, J., Zhu, S., Du, C., Zhang, Y. (2015). Posttraumatic Stress Disorder And Somatic Symptoms Among Child And Adolescent Survivors Following The Lushan Earthquake İn China: A Six-Month Longitudinal Study. J Psychosom Res, 79(2), 100-6. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2015.06.001.
- Zhang, W., Liu, H., Jiang, X., Wu, D., Tian, Y. (2014). A Longitudinal Study of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms and İts Relationship With Coping Skill and Locus of Control in Adolescents After an Earthquake in China. PLoS One. 7, 9(2), e88263. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088263.
Türkiye’de Kahramanmaraş Depremi’nden Sonra Hemşirelik Öğrencilerinde Yaşanan Travmatik Stres Belirtileri, Fiziksel Belirtiler ve Psikolojik Sağlamlık
Abstract
Bu çalışmanın amacı; Kahramanmaraş depremi sonrasında öğrencilerin yaşadıkları duygusal, bilişsel, fiziksel ve davranışsal tepkilerini ve psikolojik sağlamlık durumlarını incelemektir. Tanımlayıcı ve kesitsel tipte olan çalışma, 01.04.2023-30.04.2023 tarihleri arasında 358 öğrenci ile yürütüldü. Verilerin toplanmasında kişisel bilgi formu, Travmatik Stres Belirti Ölçeği, Hasta Sağlık Anketi (PHQ)-15 (Somatizasyon), Kısa Psikolojik Sağlamlık Ölçeği kullanıldı. Katılımcıların Travmatik Stres Belirtileri Ölçeği puan ortalamaları 35,91±12,38 iken Hasta Sağlık Ölçeği puan ortalamaları 11,49±7,35 ve Kısa Psikolojik Sağlamlık Ölçeği puan ortalamaları 17,02±4,15 olarak belirlendi. Katılımcıların travmatik stres belirti puanı değişiminin %12’si psikolojik sağlamlık değişkeni ile, (R2 = 0.12, p = 0.00) Hasta Sağlık Ölçeği puanı değişiminin %9’u psikolojik sağlamlık değişkeni ile açıklanmaktadır (R2 = 0.09, p = 0.00). Travmatik stres belirtileri ölçeğinden alınan puanların yüksek, somatik belirtilerin ve psikolojik sağlamlık düzeylerinin orta düzeyde olduğu görülmektedir. Psikolojik sağlamlığın travmatik stres belirtileri ve fiziksel belirtiler üzerinde etkisi vardır.
Keywords
References
- AFAD, Erişim Tarihi: 24.02.2023
- Alfuqaha, OA., Al-masarwah, UM., Farah, RI., Yasin, JA., Alkuttob, LA., Muslieh, NI., …Barakat, RO. (2023). The Impact of Turkey and Syria Earthquakes on University Students: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms, Meaning in Life, and Social Support. Behavioral Science; 13(7), 587. DOI: 10.3390/bs13070587.
- Başoğlu, M., Şalcıoğlu, E., Livanou, M., Özeren, M., Aker, AT., Kılıç C. (2001) A Study of The Validity Of A Screening İnstrument For Traumatic Stress İn Earthquake Survivors in Turkey. J Trauma Stress,14, 491-509.
- Burnett, Jr. H. J., & Helm, H. (2013). Relationship Between Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Resilience, And Religious Orientation And Practices Among University Student Earthquake Survivors in Haiti. International Journal of Emergency Mental Health and Human Resilience, 15 (2). 97-104
- Carmassi, C., Dell’Oste, V., Barberi, F., Pedrinelli, V., Cordone, A., Cappelli, A., . . . Dell’Osso, L. (2021). Do Somatic Symptoms Relate To PTSD And Gender After Earthquake Exposure? A Cross-Sectional Study On Young Adult Survivors in Italy. CNS Spectrums, 26(3), 268-274. DOI:10.1017/S1092852920000097
- Carter, F., Bell, C., Ali, A., McKenzie, J., Boden, JM., Wilkinson, T., Bell, C. (2016). Predictors Of Psychological Resilience Amongst Medical Students Following Major Earthquakes. N Z Med J., 129(1434),17-22. PMID: 27349259.
- Dhungana, S., Koirala, R., Ojha, S., Thapa, S. (2022). Resilience And İts Association With Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, Anxiety, And Depression Symptomatology İn The Aftermath Of Trauma: A Cross-Sectional Study From Nepal. Eur Psychiatry.1-65(Suppl 1), S673–4. DOI: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.1732.
- Doğan, T. (2015). Adaptation of the Brief Resilience Scale into Turkish: A validity and reliability study. The Journal of Happines and Well-Being, 3(1), 93-102.
- Farooqui, M., Quadri SA., Suriya SS., Khan MA., Ovais M., Sohail Z….Hassan M. (2017). Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Serious Post-Earthquake Complication. Trends Psychiatry Psychother, 39 (2), 135-143. DOI: 10.1590/2237-6089-2016-0029. PMID: 28700042.
- Gao, CX., Menssink, J., Campbell, TCH., Smith, CL., Ikin, JF., Lane, T… Carroll M. (2023) Somatic Symptoms, Psychological Distress And Trauma After Disasters: Lessons From The 2014 Hazelwood Mine Fire And 2019-20 Black Summer Bushfires. BMC Public Health. 18, 23(1), 1573. DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16501-1
- Kardaş, F., & Tanhan, F. (2018). Van Depremini Yaşayan Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Travma Sonrası Stres, Travma Sonrası Büyüme ve Umutsuzluk Düzeylerinin İncelenmesi. Van Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 15(1), 1-36.
- Kaye-Kauderer, H. P., Levine, J., Takeguchi, Y., Machida, M., Sekine, H., Taku, K., ... & Katz, C. (2019). Post-traumatic Growth And Resilience Among Medical Students After The March 2011 Disaster in Fukushima, Japan. Psychiatric quarterly, 90, 507-518.
- Kroenke, K., Spitzer, RL., Williams, JBW., Lowe, B. (2010). Patients Health Questionnaire Somatic, Anxiety, and Depressive Symptom Scales: A systematic review. Gen Hosp Psychiatry, 32, 345-59.
- Kurt, E. & Gülbahçe, A. (2019). Van Depremini Yaşayan Öğrencilerin Travma Sonrası Stres Bozukluğu Düzeylerinin İncelenmesi. Atatürk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 23(3), 957-972.
- Leiva-Bianchi, M., Cornejo, F., Fresno, A., Rojas, C., & Serrano, C. (2018). Effectiveness Of Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy For Post-Disaster Distress İn Post-Traumatic Stress Symptoms After Chilean Earthquake And Tsunami. Gaceta Sanitaria, 32, 291-296.
- Niu, Y., Jiang, N., Jiang, X. (2021). Factors related to the resilience of Tibetan adolescent survivors ten years after the Yushu earthquake. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction. 65; 102554. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2021.102554.
- Özkan, B. & Çetinkaya Kutun, F. (2021). Afet psikolojisi. Sağlık Akademisyenleri Dergisi ,8 (3), 249-256.
- Smith, BW., Dalen, J., Wiggins, K., Tooley, E., Christopher, P., Bernard, J. (2008). The Brief Resilience Scale: Assessing The Ability To Bounce Back. Int J Behav Med., 15, 194–200. DOI: 10.1080/10705500802222972
- Smith, B. W., Dalen, J., Wiggins, K., Tooley, E., Christopher, P., & Jennifer Bernard, J. (2008). The Brief Resilience Scale: Assessing The Ability To Bounce Back. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 15, 194–200.
- Sönmez, M. B. (2022). Depremin Psikolojik Etkileri, Psikolojik Destek ve Korkuyla Baş Etme. TOTBİD Dergisi, 21, 337-343.
- Şeker, B. D. & Akman, E. (2014). Van Depremi Sonrası Duygusal, Bilişsel ve Davranışsal Tepkiler: Polis Örneklemi İncelemesi. Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 15 (27), 215-231 . DOI: 10.21550/sosbilder.269510
- Trip, H., Tabakakis, K., Maskill, V., Richardson, S., Dolan, B., Josland, H… Houston G. (2018). Psychological Health And Resilience: The İmpact Of Significant Earthquake Events On Tertiary Level Professional Students. A Cross-Sectional Study. Contemp Nurse, 54 (3), 319-332. DOI: 10.1080/10376178.2018.1503549
- Wahab, S., Yong, LL., Chieng, WK., Yamil, M., Sawal, NA., Abdullah, NQ… Damanhuri, HA. (2021). Post-Traumatic Stress Symptoms İn Adolescents Exposed To The Earthquake İn Lombok, Indonesia: Prevalence And Association With Maladaptive Trauma-Related Cognition And Resilience. Front Psychiatry, 12, 680393. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.680393.
- Wang, S., Shi, X., Chen, X., Zhu, Y., Chen, H., Fan, F. (2021). Earthquake Exposure and PTSD Symptoms Among Disaster-Exposed Adolescents: A Moderated Mediation Model of Sleep Problems and Resilience. Front Psychiatry. 13(12), 577328. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.577328.
- Yazici Güleç, M., Güleç, H., Şimşek, G., Turhan, M., Sünbül, E.A. (2012). Psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the Patient Health Questionnaire–Somatic, Anxiety, and Depressive Symptoms. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 53, 623– 629.
- Yeon, D., Ji-Bum, C., and Dong-Hyeon I. (2020). The Effects of Earthquake Experience on Disaster Education for Children and Teens. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17 (15), 5347. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17155347
- Zhang, J., Zhu, S., Du, C., Zhang, Y. (2015). Posttraumatic Stress Disorder And Somatic Symptoms Among Child And Adolescent Survivors Following The Lushan Earthquake İn China: A Six-Month Longitudinal Study. J Psychosom Res, 79(2), 100-6. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2015.06.001.
- Zhang, W., Liu, H., Jiang, X., Wu, D., Tian, Y. (2014). A Longitudinal Study of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms and İts Relationship With Coping Skill and Locus of Control in Adolescents After an Earthquake in China. PLoS One. 7, 9(2), e88263. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088263.
There are 28 citations in total.
Details
| Primary Language | Turkish |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Counselling, Wellbeing and Community Services, Sociology (Other) |
| Journal Section | Research Articles |
| Authors | |
| Early Pub Date | March 31, 2024 |
| Publication Date | March 31, 2024 |
| Submission Date | November 26, 2023 |
| Acceptance Date | December 4, 2023 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2024 Volume: 4 Issue: 1 |
The content in this journal is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License International License.