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EŞ ŞİDDETİNİ ÖNLEMEDE ERKEKLERİN KATILIMI İÇİN CİNSİYET TEMELLİ TRANSFORMATİF GİRİŞİMLER: KAVRAMSAL MODELE DAYALI LİTERATÜR ARAŞTIRMASI

Year 2018, Volume: 4 Issue: 2, 29 - 39, 23.10.2018

Abstract

Toplumsal cinsiyete dayalı şiddeti
önleme girişimlerinde şiddeti uygulayanlar olarak erkeklerin katılımını
sağlamak, cinsiyet temelli şiddeti sona erdirmek için küresel çabaların giderek
kurumsallaşan bir bileşenidir. Özellikle erkeklerin cinsiyet eşitliği ve şiddet
içermeyen tutum ve davranışlarını geliştirmeyi amaçlayan müdahaleler konusunda
erkeklerin katılımını sağlayan çabaların etkisi tüm dünyada ortaya çıkmaya
başlamıştır. Bu makalenin amacı, eş şiddetini önlemede erkeklerin katılımını
sağlamaya yönelik cinsiyet temelli transformatif girişimlerin incelenmesidir.

Cinsiyet temelli şiddete (CTŞ)
yönelik girişimlerin planlanmasında erkeklerin hem aşağıda anlatılacak olan
şiddeti önleme programları düzeyinde hem de günlük yaşamlarında şiddeti önleme
çalışmalarına katılımları önem arz etmektedir. Bu kapsamda, toplumsal cinsiyete
yönelik tutum ve inançlar dâhil olmak üzere, erkeklerin özellikleri ve
erkeklerin zaman içindeki CTŞ hareketlerine eğilimini sağlayan faktörlerin
dikkate alınması önerilmektedir.

Eş şiddetini önlemede cinsiyet
temelli transformatif girişimleri kapsayan kavramsal modelde girişimler üç
temel boyutta ele alınmaktadır: Birinci boyut olan cinsiyet temelli
transformatif yaklaşımı kavramsallaştırma kapsamında şiddeti önleme olup, bu
alanlarda yer alan girişimler sosyal ağlar aracılığıyla katılım; bağlam
aracılığıyla katılım; kişisel, duygusal bağ aracılığıyla katılım; umut verme
aracılığıyla katılım ve bağlantılar aracılığıyla katılımdır. İkinci boyut
erkeklerin tutum ve davranışlarını değiştirmeye yönelik müdahaleler olup, bu
boyutta cinsiyete dayalı transformatif ve girişimsel bileşenler yer almaktadır.
Üçüncü boyut ise erkeklerin sosyal etkilerini içermektedir. Bu boyuttaki
girişimler CTŞ’nin ortadan kaldırılmasına ve daha genel olarak cinsiyet temelli
adaletin oluşması ve sürdürülmesine yönelik makro düzeyde sosyal desteğin
sağlanması için eylem planlarını kapsamaktadır.







Dünyada yeni bir kavram olan
cinsiyet temelli transformatif girişimler kapsamındaki eş şiddetini önleme
programları ile erkeklerin cinsiyete dayalı adaletin sağlanması için çaba sarf
etmede araç ya da katalizör görevi görmesi hedeflenmektedir. Kadın sağlığı
hemşireleri de mevcut gelişmeleri takip ederek toplum tabanlı girişimlerde yer
almalıdırlar.

References

  • 1. Abramsky T, Devries K, Kiss L, Nakuti J, Kyegombe N, Starmann E, Watts C (2014). Findings from the SASA! Study: A cluster randomized controlled trial to assess the impact of a community mobilization intervention to prevent violence against women and reduce HIV risk in Kampala, Uganda. BMC Medicine, 12, 122.
  • 2. Alcalde MC (2014). An intersectional approach to Latino antiviolence engagement. Culture, Society, and Masculinities, 6, 35–51.
  • 3. Barker G, Ricardo C, Nascimento M (2007). Engaging men and boys in changing gender-based inequity in health: Evidence from programme interventions. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization.
  • 4. Carlson J, Casey EA, Edleson J, Tolman R, Neugut T, Kimball E (2015). Strategies to engage men and boys in violence prevention: A global organizational perspective. Violence Against Women, 21, 1406–1425.
  • 5. Casey E, Carlson J, Bulls ST, Yager A (2018). Gender Transformative Approaches to Engaging Men in Gender-Based Violence Prevention: A Review and Conceptual Model. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, 19(2) 231-246.
  • 6. Casey EA, Smith T (2010). ‘‘How can I not?’’: Men’s pathways to involvement in anti-violence against women work. Violence Against Women, 16, 953–973.
  • 7. Coulter RP. (2003). Boys doing good: Young men and gender equity. Educational Review, 55, 135–145.
  • 8. Dworkin SL, Colvin C, Hatcher A, Peacock D (2012). Men’ perceptions of women’s rights and changing gender relations in South Africa: Lessons for working with men and boys in HIV and antiviolence programs. Gender and Society, 26, 97–120.
  • 9. Dworkin SL, Treves-Kagan S, Lippman SA (2013). Gendertransformative interventions to reduce HIV risks and violence with heterosexually-active men: A review of the Global Evidence. AIDS and Behavior, 17, 9, 2845–2863.
  • 10. European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights (2015). Violence againist women: an EU-wide survey. http://fra.europa.eu/sites/default/files/fra-2014-vaw-survey-main-results-apr14_en.pdf (Erişim tarihi 20.04.2018).
  • 11. Falb KL, Annan J, King E, Hopkins J, Kpebo D, Gupta J (2014). Gender norms, poverty and armed conflict in Coˆ te D’Ivoire: Engaging men in women’s social and economic empowerment programming. Health Education Research, 29, 1015–1027.
  • 12. Hossain M, Zimmerman C, Kiss L, Abramsky T, Kone D, Bakayoko-Topolska M, Watts C (2014). Working with men to prevent intimate partner violence in a conflict-affected setting: A pilot cluster randomized controlled trial in rural Coˆte d’Ivoire. BMC Public Health, 14, 1–28, 14-339.
  • 13. Jewkes R, Gibbs A, Jama-Shai N, Willan S, Misselhorn A, Krishnan S, Vohra D, deWalque D, Medlin C, Nathan R, Dow WH (2012). Tanzanian couples’ perspectives of gender equity, relationship power, and intimate partner violence: Findings from the respect study. Hindawi Publishing Corporation AIDS Research and Treatment, 2012-9.
  • 14. Kalichman SC, Simbayi LC, Cloete A, Cherry C, Strebel A, Kalichman MO, Cain D. (2008). HIV/AIDS risk reduction and domestic violence prevention intervention for South African men. International Journal of Men’s Health, 7, 255–273.
  • 15. Krishnan S, Vohra D, deWalque D, Medlin C, Nathan R, Dow WH. (2012). Tanzanian couples’ perspectives of gender equity, relationship power, and intimate partner violence. Hindawi Publishing Corporation AIDS Research and Treatment Volume 2012, 187890, 9.
  • 16. Kyegombe N, Abramsky T, Devries KM, Starmann E, Michau L, Nakuti J, Watts C (2014). (The impact of SASA! A community mobilization intervention, on reported HIV-related risk behaviors and relationship dynamics in Kampala, Uganda. Journal of the International AIDS Society, 17(1), 19232.
  • 17. McMahon S, Dick A (2011). Being in a room with like-minded men: An exploratory study of men’s participation in a bystander intervention program to prevent intimate partner violence. Journal of Men’s Studies, 19, 3–18.
  • 18. Miller E, Das M, Tancredi DJ, McCauley HL, Virata MCD, Nettiksimmons J, Verma R (2014). Evaluation of a genderbased violence prevention program for student athletes in Mumbai, India. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 29, 758–778.
  • 19. Mushinga M, Skiweyiya Y (2014). Stepping stones and creating futures intervention: Shortened interrupted time series evaluation of a behavioural and structural health promotion and violence prevention intervention for young people in informal settlements in Durban, South Africa. BMC Public Health, 14, 1–19.
  • 20. Nelson A, Lewy R, Ricardo F, Dovydaitis T, Hunter A, Mitchell A, Kugel C. (2010). Eliciting behavior change in a US sexual violence and IPV prevention program through utilization of Freire and discussion facilitation. Health Promotion International, 25, 299–308.
  • 21. Peacock D, Barker G. (2014). Working with men and boys to prevent gender-based violence principles, lessons learned, and ways forward. Men and Masculinities, 17, 578–599.
  • 22. Piccigallo JR, Lilley TG, Miller SL (2012). ‘‘It’s cool to care about sexual violence’’: Men’s experiences with sexual assault prevention. Men and Masculinities, 15, 507–525.
  • 23. Polat O (2014). Klinik Adli Tıp. 7. baskı, Seçkin yayınları, 112-117.
  • 24. Pulerwitz J, Hughes L, Mehta M, Kidanu A, Verani F, Tewolde S (2015). Changing gender norms and reducing intimate partner violence: Results from a quasi-experimental intervention study with young men in Ethiopia. American Journal of Public Health, 105, 132–137.
  • 25. Rich MD, Utley EA, Janke K, Moldoveanu M (2010). ‘‘I’d rather be doing something else’’: Male resistance to rape prevention programs. Journal of Men’s Studies, 18, 268–288.
  • 26. Sabancıoğulları S, Taşkın Yılmaz F, Ar E, Çakmaktepe G (2016). Hemşirelik Öğrencilerinin Kadına Yönelik Şiddete ve Şiddette Mesleki Role İlişkin Tutumları, Benlik Saygıları ve Etkileyen Faktörler. Hemşirelikte Eğitim Araştırma Dergisi, 13 (1), 35-43.
  • 27. Salazar LF, Vivolo-Kantor A, Hardin J, Berkowitz A (2014). A web-based sexual violence bystander intervention for male college students: Randomized controlled trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 16, 203.
  • 28. T.C. Aile ve Sosyal Politikalar Bakanlığı Kadının Statüsü Genel Müdürlüğü (2016). 2012-2015 Kadına Yönelik Şiddetle Mücadele Ulusal Eylem Planı, Ankara.
  • 29. Wagman JA, Gray RH, Campbell JC, Thoma M, Ndyanabo A, Ssekasanvu J, Brahmbhatt H (2015). Effectiveness of an integrated intimate partner violence and HIV prevention intervention in Rakai, Uganda: Analysis of an intervention in an existing cluster randomised cohort. Lancet Global Health, 3, 23–33.
  • 30. World Health Organization (2002). World Report on Violence and Health. http://www.who.int/violence_injury_prevention/violence/world_report/en/ (Erişim Tarihi: 28.04.2018)
  • 31. World Health Organization (2017). Violence againist women. http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs239/en/ (Erişim Tarihi: 28.04.2018)

Gender-Based Transformative Initıatives For The Prevention of Partner Violence: Literature Study Based on Conceptual Model

Year 2018, Volume: 4 Issue: 2, 29 - 39, 23.10.2018

Abstract

It
is an increasingly institutionalized component of global efforts to ensure the participation
of men in gender-based violence as perpetrators and beneficiaries of
gender-based violence prevention initiatives. Accordingly, the impact of
efforts to promote men's participation in interventions aimed at improving gender
equality and non violent attitudes and behaviors of men has started to emerge all
over the world. The purpose of this article is to examine gender-based transformer
initiatives aimed at preventing male participation in partner violence.

Gender-based
violence (GBV) is the nature of men's participation in prevention efforts both
at a programme level and in their daily lives; the characteristics of men
working with beliefs and social net works; and the factors that enable men to participate
in GBV movements over time are recommended to be taken into account.

Conceptual
model including gender-based transformer initiatives in preventing partner violence
is discussed in three main dimensions: In the context of conceptualization of
the first dimension, gender-based transformer approach, the Prevention of
violence is organized in five areas formal individuals. These are as participation
through social net works, participation through context, participation through personal,
emotional bond, participation through hope, and participation through “links”
among the initiatives involved. These co dimension is the interventions to change
attitudes and behavior of men. This size includes gender-based transformers and
interventional components. The third dimension includes the social effects of
males. These initiatives include action plans to provide macro-level social support
for the elimination of gender-based violence (GBV) and, in general, for the creation
and maintenance of gender-based justice.







It
is aimed to serve as a tool or a catalyst for the efforts of men to achieve gender-based
justice through partner violence prevention programs within the scope of gender-based
transformer initiatives, a new concept in the world. Women's health nurses should
follow current developments and take part in community-based initiatives.

References

  • 1. Abramsky T, Devries K, Kiss L, Nakuti J, Kyegombe N, Starmann E, Watts C (2014). Findings from the SASA! Study: A cluster randomized controlled trial to assess the impact of a community mobilization intervention to prevent violence against women and reduce HIV risk in Kampala, Uganda. BMC Medicine, 12, 122.
  • 2. Alcalde MC (2014). An intersectional approach to Latino antiviolence engagement. Culture, Society, and Masculinities, 6, 35–51.
  • 3. Barker G, Ricardo C, Nascimento M (2007). Engaging men and boys in changing gender-based inequity in health: Evidence from programme interventions. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization.
  • 4. Carlson J, Casey EA, Edleson J, Tolman R, Neugut T, Kimball E (2015). Strategies to engage men and boys in violence prevention: A global organizational perspective. Violence Against Women, 21, 1406–1425.
  • 5. Casey E, Carlson J, Bulls ST, Yager A (2018). Gender Transformative Approaches to Engaging Men in Gender-Based Violence Prevention: A Review and Conceptual Model. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, 19(2) 231-246.
  • 6. Casey EA, Smith T (2010). ‘‘How can I not?’’: Men’s pathways to involvement in anti-violence against women work. Violence Against Women, 16, 953–973.
  • 7. Coulter RP. (2003). Boys doing good: Young men and gender equity. Educational Review, 55, 135–145.
  • 8. Dworkin SL, Colvin C, Hatcher A, Peacock D (2012). Men’ perceptions of women’s rights and changing gender relations in South Africa: Lessons for working with men and boys in HIV and antiviolence programs. Gender and Society, 26, 97–120.
  • 9. Dworkin SL, Treves-Kagan S, Lippman SA (2013). Gendertransformative interventions to reduce HIV risks and violence with heterosexually-active men: A review of the Global Evidence. AIDS and Behavior, 17, 9, 2845–2863.
  • 10. European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights (2015). Violence againist women: an EU-wide survey. http://fra.europa.eu/sites/default/files/fra-2014-vaw-survey-main-results-apr14_en.pdf (Erişim tarihi 20.04.2018).
  • 11. Falb KL, Annan J, King E, Hopkins J, Kpebo D, Gupta J (2014). Gender norms, poverty and armed conflict in Coˆ te D’Ivoire: Engaging men in women’s social and economic empowerment programming. Health Education Research, 29, 1015–1027.
  • 12. Hossain M, Zimmerman C, Kiss L, Abramsky T, Kone D, Bakayoko-Topolska M, Watts C (2014). Working with men to prevent intimate partner violence in a conflict-affected setting: A pilot cluster randomized controlled trial in rural Coˆte d’Ivoire. BMC Public Health, 14, 1–28, 14-339.
  • 13. Jewkes R, Gibbs A, Jama-Shai N, Willan S, Misselhorn A, Krishnan S, Vohra D, deWalque D, Medlin C, Nathan R, Dow WH (2012). Tanzanian couples’ perspectives of gender equity, relationship power, and intimate partner violence: Findings from the respect study. Hindawi Publishing Corporation AIDS Research and Treatment, 2012-9.
  • 14. Kalichman SC, Simbayi LC, Cloete A, Cherry C, Strebel A, Kalichman MO, Cain D. (2008). HIV/AIDS risk reduction and domestic violence prevention intervention for South African men. International Journal of Men’s Health, 7, 255–273.
  • 15. Krishnan S, Vohra D, deWalque D, Medlin C, Nathan R, Dow WH. (2012). Tanzanian couples’ perspectives of gender equity, relationship power, and intimate partner violence. Hindawi Publishing Corporation AIDS Research and Treatment Volume 2012, 187890, 9.
  • 16. Kyegombe N, Abramsky T, Devries KM, Starmann E, Michau L, Nakuti J, Watts C (2014). (The impact of SASA! A community mobilization intervention, on reported HIV-related risk behaviors and relationship dynamics in Kampala, Uganda. Journal of the International AIDS Society, 17(1), 19232.
  • 17. McMahon S, Dick A (2011). Being in a room with like-minded men: An exploratory study of men’s participation in a bystander intervention program to prevent intimate partner violence. Journal of Men’s Studies, 19, 3–18.
  • 18. Miller E, Das M, Tancredi DJ, McCauley HL, Virata MCD, Nettiksimmons J, Verma R (2014). Evaluation of a genderbased violence prevention program for student athletes in Mumbai, India. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 29, 758–778.
  • 19. Mushinga M, Skiweyiya Y (2014). Stepping stones and creating futures intervention: Shortened interrupted time series evaluation of a behavioural and structural health promotion and violence prevention intervention for young people in informal settlements in Durban, South Africa. BMC Public Health, 14, 1–19.
  • 20. Nelson A, Lewy R, Ricardo F, Dovydaitis T, Hunter A, Mitchell A, Kugel C. (2010). Eliciting behavior change in a US sexual violence and IPV prevention program through utilization of Freire and discussion facilitation. Health Promotion International, 25, 299–308.
  • 21. Peacock D, Barker G. (2014). Working with men and boys to prevent gender-based violence principles, lessons learned, and ways forward. Men and Masculinities, 17, 578–599.
  • 22. Piccigallo JR, Lilley TG, Miller SL (2012). ‘‘It’s cool to care about sexual violence’’: Men’s experiences with sexual assault prevention. Men and Masculinities, 15, 507–525.
  • 23. Polat O (2014). Klinik Adli Tıp. 7. baskı, Seçkin yayınları, 112-117.
  • 24. Pulerwitz J, Hughes L, Mehta M, Kidanu A, Verani F, Tewolde S (2015). Changing gender norms and reducing intimate partner violence: Results from a quasi-experimental intervention study with young men in Ethiopia. American Journal of Public Health, 105, 132–137.
  • 25. Rich MD, Utley EA, Janke K, Moldoveanu M (2010). ‘‘I’d rather be doing something else’’: Male resistance to rape prevention programs. Journal of Men’s Studies, 18, 268–288.
  • 26. Sabancıoğulları S, Taşkın Yılmaz F, Ar E, Çakmaktepe G (2016). Hemşirelik Öğrencilerinin Kadına Yönelik Şiddete ve Şiddette Mesleki Role İlişkin Tutumları, Benlik Saygıları ve Etkileyen Faktörler. Hemşirelikte Eğitim Araştırma Dergisi, 13 (1), 35-43.
  • 27. Salazar LF, Vivolo-Kantor A, Hardin J, Berkowitz A (2014). A web-based sexual violence bystander intervention for male college students: Randomized controlled trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 16, 203.
  • 28. T.C. Aile ve Sosyal Politikalar Bakanlığı Kadının Statüsü Genel Müdürlüğü (2016). 2012-2015 Kadına Yönelik Şiddetle Mücadele Ulusal Eylem Planı, Ankara.
  • 29. Wagman JA, Gray RH, Campbell JC, Thoma M, Ndyanabo A, Ssekasanvu J, Brahmbhatt H (2015). Effectiveness of an integrated intimate partner violence and HIV prevention intervention in Rakai, Uganda: Analysis of an intervention in an existing cluster randomised cohort. Lancet Global Health, 3, 23–33.
  • 30. World Health Organization (2002). World Report on Violence and Health. http://www.who.int/violence_injury_prevention/violence/world_report/en/ (Erişim Tarihi: 28.04.2018)
  • 31. World Health Organization (2017). Violence againist women. http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs239/en/ (Erişim Tarihi: 28.04.2018)
There are 31 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Nursing
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Emine Gerçek

Beyzanur İşbay 0000-0002-4361-6409

Publication Date October 23, 2018
Acceptance Date December 4, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2018 Volume: 4 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Gerçek, E., & İşbay, B. (2018). EŞ ŞİDDETİNİ ÖNLEMEDE ERKEKLERİN KATILIMI İÇİN CİNSİYET TEMELLİ TRANSFORMATİF GİRİŞİMLER: KAVRAMSAL MODELE DAYALI LİTERATÜR ARAŞTIRMASI. Kadın Sağlığı Hemşireliği Dergisi, 4(2), 29-39.
AMA Gerçek E, İşbay B. EŞ ŞİDDETİNİ ÖNLEMEDE ERKEKLERİN KATILIMI İÇİN CİNSİYET TEMELLİ TRANSFORMATİF GİRİŞİMLER: KAVRAMSAL MODELE DAYALI LİTERATÜR ARAŞTIRMASI. KASHED. October 2018;4(2):29-39.
Chicago Gerçek, Emine, and Beyzanur İşbay. “EŞ ŞİDDETİNİ ÖNLEMEDE ERKEKLERİN KATILIMI İÇİN CİNSİYET TEMELLİ TRANSFORMATİF GİRİŞİMLER: KAVRAMSAL MODELE DAYALI LİTERATÜR ARAŞTIRMASI”. Kadın Sağlığı Hemşireliği Dergisi 4, no. 2 (October 2018): 29-39.
EndNote Gerçek E, İşbay B (October 1, 2018) EŞ ŞİDDETİNİ ÖNLEMEDE ERKEKLERİN KATILIMI İÇİN CİNSİYET TEMELLİ TRANSFORMATİF GİRİŞİMLER: KAVRAMSAL MODELE DAYALI LİTERATÜR ARAŞTIRMASI. Kadın Sağlığı Hemşireliği Dergisi 4 2 29–39.
IEEE E. Gerçek and B. İşbay, “EŞ ŞİDDETİNİ ÖNLEMEDE ERKEKLERİN KATILIMI İÇİN CİNSİYET TEMELLİ TRANSFORMATİF GİRİŞİMLER: KAVRAMSAL MODELE DAYALI LİTERATÜR ARAŞTIRMASI”, KASHED, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 29–39, 2018.
ISNAD Gerçek, Emine - İşbay, Beyzanur. “EŞ ŞİDDETİNİ ÖNLEMEDE ERKEKLERİN KATILIMI İÇİN CİNSİYET TEMELLİ TRANSFORMATİF GİRİŞİMLER: KAVRAMSAL MODELE DAYALI LİTERATÜR ARAŞTIRMASI”. Kadın Sağlığı Hemşireliği Dergisi 4/2 (October 2018), 29-39.
JAMA Gerçek E, İşbay B. EŞ ŞİDDETİNİ ÖNLEMEDE ERKEKLERİN KATILIMI İÇİN CİNSİYET TEMELLİ TRANSFORMATİF GİRİŞİMLER: KAVRAMSAL MODELE DAYALI LİTERATÜR ARAŞTIRMASI. KASHED. 2018;4:29–39.
MLA Gerçek, Emine and Beyzanur İşbay. “EŞ ŞİDDETİNİ ÖNLEMEDE ERKEKLERİN KATILIMI İÇİN CİNSİYET TEMELLİ TRANSFORMATİF GİRİŞİMLER: KAVRAMSAL MODELE DAYALI LİTERATÜR ARAŞTIRMASI”. Kadın Sağlığı Hemşireliği Dergisi, vol. 4, no. 2, 2018, pp. 29-39.
Vancouver Gerçek E, İşbay B. EŞ ŞİDDETİNİ ÖNLEMEDE ERKEKLERİN KATILIMI İÇİN CİNSİYET TEMELLİ TRANSFORMATİF GİRİŞİMLER: KAVRAMSAL MODELE DAYALI LİTERATÜR ARAŞTIRMASI. KASHED. 2018;4(2):29-3.