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DO EXPECTED BEHAVIORS FROM GENDER AFFECT REACTIONS TO CHRONIC PAIN?

Year 2022, Volume: 3 Issue: 3, 350 - 353, 31.12.2022

Güneş Nazik Mualla Yılmaz

https://doi.org/10.52831/kjhs.1082893

Abstract

Pain is an important health problem that has existed as long as human history and has struggled to cope with throughout history. Pain is an important issue that impairs the functionality of individuals as well as the economic damage. It is a known fact that there are gender differences in chronic pain. Men more tolerant of pain than women. Women have lower pain thresholds. The reason for the differences in pain tolerance between men and women can be explained by traditional approaches, and depending on the individual's compliance with social norms according to gender. Individuals with a high level of identification with their gender have different responses to pain. Gender differences are often associated with differences in the hormonal regulation of brain activity. Biological factors in pain in men and women are complex, multifaceted, and psychological and social factors should be taken into consideration. The perception of pain and the meaning of pain vary across cultures. Culture can influence demand for medication or treatment to help relieve pain. Culture-specific attitudes and beliefs about the source, role, and meaning of pain influence both how individuals perceive and respond to their own pain and how they perceive and respond to the pain of others. Although many studies in the world have investigated the gender role expectations of pain behaviors in different cultures, there is no study on this subject in our country. In this review article, the role of gender and the effect of culture on pain in general were examined.

Keywords

Pain Chronic Pain Gender Identity Culture

References

  • Bondesson E, Olofsson T, Caverius U, Schelin M, Jöud A. Consultation prevalence among children, adolescents and young adults with pain conditions: A description of age- and gender differences. Eur J Pain. 2020;24(3):649-658.
  • Gupta A, Mayer EA, Fling C, et al. Sex-based differences in brain alterations across chronic pain conditions. J Neurosci Res. 2017;95(1-2):604-616.
  • Feijó LM, Tarman GZ, Fontaine C, Harrison R, Johnstone T, Salomons T. Sex-specific effects of gender identification on pain study recruitment. J Pain. 2018;19(2):178-185.
  • Boerner KE, Chambers CT, Gahagan J, Keogh E, Fillingim RB, Mogil JS. Conceptual complexity of gender and its relevance to pain. Pain. 2018;159(11):2137-2141.
  • Keogh E. The gender context of pain. Health Psychol Rev. 2021;15(3):454-481.
  • Daheim J, Kim SY, Neduvelil A, Nguyen NP. Men, chronic pain, and prescription pain medication use: The role of gender role beliefs in a longitudinal moderated mediation model. Pain Med. 2020;21(12):3603-3614.
  • Akça MC, Fizik tedavi uygulanmış bel ağrılı hastalarda cinsiyetin yaşam kalitesi ve ağrı üzerine etkisi. Uzmanlık Tezi. 2020.
  • Aslan F, Hemşirelik öğrencilerinin ağrı yönetimine ilişkin bilgilerinin belirlenmesi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi. 2018.
  • Fillingim RB. Sex, gender, and pain. In: Marianne JL, editor. Principles of gender-specific medicine (Third Edition). Academic Press, 2017;481-496.
  • Babadağ B. Algoloji hastalarının ağrı inançları ile ağrıyla başa çıkma durumları arasındaki ilişki. Yüksek Lisans Tezi. 2014.
  • Sorge RE, Strath LJ. Sex differences in pain responses. Curr Opin Physiol. 2018;6:75-81.
  • Rosen S, Ham B, Mogil JS. Sex differences in neuroimmunity and pain. J Neurosci Res. 2017;95(1-2):500-508.
  • Templeton KJ. Sex and gender issues in pain management. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2020;102(1):32-35.
  • Cairns BE, Gazerani P. Sex-related differences in pain. Maturitas. 2009;63(4):292-296.
  • Racine M, Tousignant-Laflamme Y, Kloda LA, Dion D, Dupuis G, Choinière M. A systematic literature review of 10 years of research on sex/gender and experimental pain perception- part 1: Are there really differences between women and men?. Pain. 2012;153(3):602-618.
  • Keogh E, Herdenfeldt M. Gender, coping and the perception of pain. Pain. 2002;97(3):195-201.
  • Dao TT, LeResche L. Gender differences in pain. J Orofac Pain. 2000;14(3):169-195.
  • El-Shormilisy N, Strong J, Meredith PJ. Associations between gender, coping patterns and functioning for individuals with chronic pain: A systematic review. Pain Res Manag. 2015;20(1):48-55.
  • Keefe FJ, Affleck G, France CR, et al. Gender differences in pain, coping, and mood in individuals having osteoarthritic knee pain: A within-day analysis. Pain. 2004;110(3):571-577.
  • Sullivan MJ, Thorn B, Haythornthwaite JA, et al. Theoretical perspectives on the relation between catastrophizing and pain. Clin J Pain. 2001;17(1):52-64.
  • Edwards RR, Haythornthwaite JA, Sullivan MJ, Fillingim RB. Catastrophizing as a mediator of sex differences in pain: Differential effects for daily pain versus laboratory-induced pain. Pain. 2004;111(3):335-341.
  • Fowler SL, Rasinski HM, Geers AL, Helfer SG, France CR. Concept priming and pain: An experimental approach to understanding gender roles in sex-related pain differences. J Behav Med. 2011;34(2):139-147.
  • Strong J, Mathews T, Sussex R, New F, Hoey S, Mitchell G. Pain language and gender differences when describing a past pain event. Pain. 2009;145(1-2):86-95.
  • Miller C, Newton SE. Pain perception and expression: The influence of gender, personal self-efficacy, and lifespan socialization. Pain Manag Nurs. 2006;7(4):148-152.
  • Bendelow G. Pain perceptions, emotions and gender. Sociol Health Illn. 1993;15(3):273-294.
  • Bartley EJ, Fillingim RB. Sex differences in pain: A brief review of clinical and experimental findings. Br J Anaesth. 2013;111(1):52-58.
  • Magnusson JE, Fennell JA. Understanding the role of culture in pain: Māori practitioner perspectives relating to the experience of pain. N Z Med J. 2011;124(1328):30-40.
  • Shipton EA. The pain experience and sociocultural factors. N Z Med J. 2013;126(1370):7-9.
  • Khan MA, Raza F, Khan IA. Pain: History, culture and philosophy. Acta Med Hist Adriat. 2015;13(1):113-130.
  • Wandner LD, Scipio CD, Hirsh AT, Torres CA, Robinson ME. The perception of pain in others: How gender, race, and age influence pain expectations. J Pain. 2012;13(3):220-227.
  • Alvarado Anthony J, Cultural diversity: pain beliefs and treatment among Mexican-Americans, African-Americans, Chinese-Americans and Japanese-Americans" Senior Honors Theses. 2008.
  • Bernardes SF, Silva SA, Carvalho H, Costa M, Pereira S. Is it a (fe)male pain? Portuguese nurses' and laypeople's gendered representations of common pains. Eur J Pain. 2014;18(4):530-539.
  • Alabas OA, Tashani OA, Johnson MI. Gender role expectations of pain mediate sex differences in cold pain responses in healthy Libyans. Eur J Pain. 2012;16(2):300-311.
  • Alabas OA, Tashani OA, Tabasam G, Johnson MI. Gender role affects experimental pain responses: A systematic review with meta-analysis. Eur J Pain. 2012;16(9):1211-1223.
  • T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı. Sağlık İstatistikleri Yıllığı. Erişim Tarihi: 13 Haziran 2021. https://dosyasb.saglik.gov.tr/Eklenti/40564,saglik-istatistikleri-yilligi-2019pdf.pdf?0
  • Block P, Heathcote LC, Burnett Heyes S. Social interaction and pain: An arctic expedition. Social Science & Medicine (1982). 2018;196:47-55.
  • Sezgin D. Toplumsal cinsiyet perspektifinde sağlık ve tıbbileştirme. Sosyoloji Araştırmaları Dergisi. 2015;18(1):153-186.
  • Esen E, Soylu Y, Siyez DM, Demirgürz G. Üniversite öğrencilerinde toplumsal cinsiyet algısının toplumsal cinsiyet rolü ve cinsiyet değişkenlerine göre incelenmesi. E-Uluslararası Eğitim Araştırmaları Dergisi. 2017;8(1):46-63.
  • Abetkoff D, Karlsson T, Chiou WB. Real men are made, not born! Incidental exposure to energy drinks may promote men's tolerance of physical pain. Scand J Psychol. 2015;56(6):622-625.
  • Flurey C, White A, Rodham K, Kirwan J, Noddings R, Hewlett S. Everyone assumes a man to be quite strong: Men, masculinity and rheumatoid arthritis: A case-study approach. Sociol Health Illn. 2018;40(1):115-129.
  • Wesolowicz DM, Clark JF, Boissoneault J, Robinson ME. The roles of gender and profession on gender role expectations of pain in health care professionals. J Pain Res. 2018;11:1121-1128.
  • Keogh E. Men, masculinity, and pain. Pain. 2015;156(12):2408-2412.
  • Galdas P, Cheater F, Marshall P. What is the role of masculinity in White and South Asian men's decisions to seek medical help for cardiac chest pain?. J Health Serv Res Policy. 2007;12(4):223-229.
  • Hobara M. Beliefs about appropriate pain behavior: Cross-cultural and sex differences between Japanese and Euro-Americans. Eur J Pain. 2005;9(4):389-393.
  • Maakip I, Oakman J, Stuckey R. Gender, cultural influences, and coping with musculoskeletal pain at work: The experience of Malaysian female office workers. J Occup Rehabil. 2017;27(2):228-238.

CİNSİYETTEN BEKLENEN DAVRANIŞLAR KRONİK AĞRIYA VERİLEN TEPKİLERİ ETKİLER Mİ?

Year 2022, Volume: 3 Issue: 3, 350 - 353, 31.12.2022

Güneş Nazik Mualla Yılmaz

https://doi.org/10.52831/kjhs.1082893

Abstract

Ağrı, insanlık tarihi kadar eskiden beri varolan baş etmek için insanların tarih boyunca uğraş verdiği önemli bir sağlık sorunudur. Ağrının ekonomik zararı olduğu kadar, bireylerin işlevselliğini de bozan önemli bir konudur. Kronik ağrıda cinsiyet farklılıklarının olduğu bilinen bir gerçektir. Erkekler kadınlara göre ağrıya daha fazla tahammül etmektedir. Kadınların ağrı eşikleri daha düşüktür. Ağrı toleransındaki kadın erkek arasındaki farklılıkların nedeni geleneksel yaklaşımlar, cinsiyete göre bireylerin toplumsal normlara uymasına bağlı olarak açıklanabilir. Toplumsal cinsiyetiyle yüksek düzeyde özdeşleşmiş bireylerin ağrıya verdikleri tepkiler farklıdır. Cinsiyet farklılıkları genellikle beyin aktivitesinin hormonal düzenlenmesindeki farklılıklarla ilişkilidir. Kadın ve erkeklerdeki ağrıda biyolojik etkenlerin karmaşık olduğu, çok yönlü olduğu, psikolojik ve sosyal etkenlerin göz önünde bulundurulması gerekmektedir. Ağrı algısı ile ağrının anlamı kültürlere göre değişir. Kültür, ağrının hafifletilmesine yardımcı olacak ilaç veya tedavi ile ilgili talebi etkileyebilir. Ağrının kaynağı, rolü ve anlamı ile ilgili kültüre özgü tutum ve inançlar, hem bireylerin kendi ağrılarını ve bunlara tepki verme biçimini hem de başkalarının ağrısını algılama ve bunlara nasıl tepki vereceğini etkiler. Dünyada birçok çalışma, farklı kültürlerdeki ağrı davranışlarının cinsiyet rolü beklentilerini araştırmış olsa da ülkemizde bu konuda yapılan çalışma yoktur. Bu derleme yazısında genel olarak ağrıda toplumsal cinsiyet rolü ve kültürün etkisi incelenmiştir.

Keywords

Ağrı Kronik Ağrı Cinsiyet Kimliği Kültür

References

  • Bondesson E, Olofsson T, Caverius U, Schelin M, Jöud A. Consultation prevalence among children, adolescents and young adults with pain conditions: A description of age- and gender differences. Eur J Pain. 2020;24(3):649-658.
  • Gupta A, Mayer EA, Fling C, et al. Sex-based differences in brain alterations across chronic pain conditions. J Neurosci Res. 2017;95(1-2):604-616.
  • Feijó LM, Tarman GZ, Fontaine C, Harrison R, Johnstone T, Salomons T. Sex-specific effects of gender identification on pain study recruitment. J Pain. 2018;19(2):178-185.
  • Boerner KE, Chambers CT, Gahagan J, Keogh E, Fillingim RB, Mogil JS. Conceptual complexity of gender and its relevance to pain. Pain. 2018;159(11):2137-2141.
  • Keogh E. The gender context of pain. Health Psychol Rev. 2021;15(3):454-481.
  • Daheim J, Kim SY, Neduvelil A, Nguyen NP. Men, chronic pain, and prescription pain medication use: The role of gender role beliefs in a longitudinal moderated mediation model. Pain Med. 2020;21(12):3603-3614.
  • Akça MC, Fizik tedavi uygulanmış bel ağrılı hastalarda cinsiyetin yaşam kalitesi ve ağrı üzerine etkisi. Uzmanlık Tezi. 2020.
  • Aslan F, Hemşirelik öğrencilerinin ağrı yönetimine ilişkin bilgilerinin belirlenmesi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi. 2018.
  • Fillingim RB. Sex, gender, and pain. In: Marianne JL, editor. Principles of gender-specific medicine (Third Edition). Academic Press, 2017;481-496.
  • Babadağ B. Algoloji hastalarının ağrı inançları ile ağrıyla başa çıkma durumları arasındaki ilişki. Yüksek Lisans Tezi. 2014.
  • Sorge RE, Strath LJ. Sex differences in pain responses. Curr Opin Physiol. 2018;6:75-81.
  • Rosen S, Ham B, Mogil JS. Sex differences in neuroimmunity and pain. J Neurosci Res. 2017;95(1-2):500-508.
  • Templeton KJ. Sex and gender issues in pain management. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2020;102(1):32-35.
  • Cairns BE, Gazerani P. Sex-related differences in pain. Maturitas. 2009;63(4):292-296.
  • Racine M, Tousignant-Laflamme Y, Kloda LA, Dion D, Dupuis G, Choinière M. A systematic literature review of 10 years of research on sex/gender and experimental pain perception- part 1: Are there really differences between women and men?. Pain. 2012;153(3):602-618.
  • Keogh E, Herdenfeldt M. Gender, coping and the perception of pain. Pain. 2002;97(3):195-201.
  • Dao TT, LeResche L. Gender differences in pain. J Orofac Pain. 2000;14(3):169-195.
  • El-Shormilisy N, Strong J, Meredith PJ. Associations between gender, coping patterns and functioning for individuals with chronic pain: A systematic review. Pain Res Manag. 2015;20(1):48-55.
  • Keefe FJ, Affleck G, France CR, et al. Gender differences in pain, coping, and mood in individuals having osteoarthritic knee pain: A within-day analysis. Pain. 2004;110(3):571-577.
  • Sullivan MJ, Thorn B, Haythornthwaite JA, et al. Theoretical perspectives on the relation between catastrophizing and pain. Clin J Pain. 2001;17(1):52-64.
  • Edwards RR, Haythornthwaite JA, Sullivan MJ, Fillingim RB. Catastrophizing as a mediator of sex differences in pain: Differential effects for daily pain versus laboratory-induced pain. Pain. 2004;111(3):335-341.
  • Fowler SL, Rasinski HM, Geers AL, Helfer SG, France CR. Concept priming and pain: An experimental approach to understanding gender roles in sex-related pain differences. J Behav Med. 2011;34(2):139-147.
  • Strong J, Mathews T, Sussex R, New F, Hoey S, Mitchell G. Pain language and gender differences when describing a past pain event. Pain. 2009;145(1-2):86-95.
  • Miller C, Newton SE. Pain perception and expression: The influence of gender, personal self-efficacy, and lifespan socialization. Pain Manag Nurs. 2006;7(4):148-152.
  • Bendelow G. Pain perceptions, emotions and gender. Sociol Health Illn. 1993;15(3):273-294.
  • Bartley EJ, Fillingim RB. Sex differences in pain: A brief review of clinical and experimental findings. Br J Anaesth. 2013;111(1):52-58.
  • Magnusson JE, Fennell JA. Understanding the role of culture in pain: Māori practitioner perspectives relating to the experience of pain. N Z Med J. 2011;124(1328):30-40.
  • Shipton EA. The pain experience and sociocultural factors. N Z Med J. 2013;126(1370):7-9.
  • Khan MA, Raza F, Khan IA. Pain: History, culture and philosophy. Acta Med Hist Adriat. 2015;13(1):113-130.
  • Wandner LD, Scipio CD, Hirsh AT, Torres CA, Robinson ME. The perception of pain in others: How gender, race, and age influence pain expectations. J Pain. 2012;13(3):220-227.
  • Alvarado Anthony J, Cultural diversity: pain beliefs and treatment among Mexican-Americans, African-Americans, Chinese-Americans and Japanese-Americans" Senior Honors Theses. 2008.
  • Bernardes SF, Silva SA, Carvalho H, Costa M, Pereira S. Is it a (fe)male pain? Portuguese nurses' and laypeople's gendered representations of common pains. Eur J Pain. 2014;18(4):530-539.
  • Alabas OA, Tashani OA, Johnson MI. Gender role expectations of pain mediate sex differences in cold pain responses in healthy Libyans. Eur J Pain. 2012;16(2):300-311.
  • Alabas OA, Tashani OA, Tabasam G, Johnson MI. Gender role affects experimental pain responses: A systematic review with meta-analysis. Eur J Pain. 2012;16(9):1211-1223.
  • T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı. Sağlık İstatistikleri Yıllığı. Erişim Tarihi: 13 Haziran 2021. https://dosyasb.saglik.gov.tr/Eklenti/40564,saglik-istatistikleri-yilligi-2019pdf.pdf?0
  • Block P, Heathcote LC, Burnett Heyes S. Social interaction and pain: An arctic expedition. Social Science & Medicine (1982). 2018;196:47-55.
  • Sezgin D. Toplumsal cinsiyet perspektifinde sağlık ve tıbbileştirme. Sosyoloji Araştırmaları Dergisi. 2015;18(1):153-186.
  • Esen E, Soylu Y, Siyez DM, Demirgürz G. Üniversite öğrencilerinde toplumsal cinsiyet algısının toplumsal cinsiyet rolü ve cinsiyet değişkenlerine göre incelenmesi. E-Uluslararası Eğitim Araştırmaları Dergisi. 2017;8(1):46-63.
  • Abetkoff D, Karlsson T, Chiou WB. Real men are made, not born! Incidental exposure to energy drinks may promote men's tolerance of physical pain. Scand J Psychol. 2015;56(6):622-625.
  • Flurey C, White A, Rodham K, Kirwan J, Noddings R, Hewlett S. Everyone assumes a man to be quite strong: Men, masculinity and rheumatoid arthritis: A case-study approach. Sociol Health Illn. 2018;40(1):115-129.
  • Wesolowicz DM, Clark JF, Boissoneault J, Robinson ME. The roles of gender and profession on gender role expectations of pain in health care professionals. J Pain Res. 2018;11:1121-1128.
  • Keogh E. Men, masculinity, and pain. Pain. 2015;156(12):2408-2412.
  • Galdas P, Cheater F, Marshall P. What is the role of masculinity in White and South Asian men's decisions to seek medical help for cardiac chest pain?. J Health Serv Res Policy. 2007;12(4):223-229.
  • Hobara M. Beliefs about appropriate pain behavior: Cross-cultural and sex differences between Japanese and Euro-Americans. Eur J Pain. 2005;9(4):389-393.
  • Maakip I, Oakman J, Stuckey R. Gender, cultural influences, and coping with musculoskeletal pain at work: The experience of Malaysian female office workers. J Occup Rehabil. 2017;27(2):228-238.
There are 45 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Review
Authors

Güneş Nazik 0000-0002-3135-4931

Mualla Yılmaz 0000-0003-2685-4306

Publication Date December 31, 2022
Submission Date March 4, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 3 Issue: 3

Cite

Vancouver Nazik G, Yılmaz M. CİNSİYETTEN BEKLENEN DAVRANIŞLAR KRONİK AĞRIYA VERİLEN TEPKİLERİ ETKİLER Mİ?. Karya J Health Sci. 2022;3(3):350-3.
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