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THE EFFECT OF “STAY HOME FOR COVID-19” LIFE ON STUDENTS ANXIETY LEVELS AND EATING BEHAVIORS

Year 2023, Volume: 24 Issue: 3, 334 - 342, 13.07.2023

Zehra İncedal Sonkaya Elçin Balcı Serap İncedal Irgat

https://doi.org/10.18229/kocatepetip.1118177

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to determine the effect of the quarantine process applied in the COVID-19 pandemic on the anxiety levels and eating behaviors of individuals.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study was made in a cross-sectional type with students studying in the health department of a university. 510 students participated in the study. Data were collected using a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ), and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Test (GAD-7).
RESULTS: The mean age of the students participating in the study was 21.82±4.45, 21.4% were male and 78.6% were female. During the stay at home, individuals frequently stated that they consume more home-cooked food and eat healthy. In the study, a significant correlation was found between the ages of the students and the TFEQ sub-dimension, uncontrolled eating and emotional eating. The mean score of the students from the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale was found to be 8.73±5.80. In addition, when their anxiety levels were graded, it was found that 25.9% had mild anxiety, 35.5% had moderate anxiety, 21.8% had high anxiety and 17.8% had severe anxiety. The general anxiety groups and TFEQ total scores and the scores of the TFEQ subgroups were compared and the TFEQ total score of the generalized anxiety groups was 38.03 ± 10.57, while those with moderate anxiety were 41.65 ± 10.74 and those with high anxiety were 45.22. ± 8.58 and those with severe anxiety were determined as 41.97 ± 11.62.
CONCLUSIONS: This study reveals that a significant portion of university students experienced changes in eating behaviors and anxiety disorders during the nationwide quarantine caused by the pandemic. Quarantine measures taken to protect public health have shown that eating disorders have increased especially in the overweight and obese group.

Keywords

COVID-19 Quarantine Eating disorder Uncontrolled eating Anxiety.

Supporting Institution

Yok

Project Number

Yok

Thanks

.

References

  • 1. Wang C, Pan R, Wan X, et al. Immediate Psychological Responses and Associated Factors during the Initial Stage of the 2019 Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Epidemic among the General Population in China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020;17(5):1729.
  • 2. Muscogiuri G, Barrea L, Annunziata G, et al. Obesity and sleep disturbance: the chicken or the egg? Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition. 2019;59(13):2158–2165.
  • 3. Wang C, Horby PW, Hayden FG, Gao GF. A novel coronavirus outbreak of global health concern. Lancet. 2020;365:470–3.
  • 4. Montemurro N. The emotional impact of COVID-19: from medical staff to common people. Brain Behav Immun. 2020;87:23-24.
  • 5. Chang J, Yuan Y, Wang D. Mental health status and its influencing factors among college students during the epidemic of COVID-19. Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao. 2020;40(2):171-6.
  • 6. Araiza MA, Lobel M. Stress and eating: Definitions, findings, explanations, and implications. Social and Personality Psychology Compass. 2018;12 (2);e12378.
  • 7. Kuijer RG, Boyce JA. Emotional eating and its effect on eating behaviour after a natural disaster. Appetite. 2012;58:936–9.
  • 8. Shader RI. COVID-19 and depression. Clin Ther. 2020;42(6):962-963.
  • 9. Kim K, Lee S, Kim JH. Diminished autonomic neurocardiac function in patients with generalized anxiety disorder. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2016;12:3111-8.
  • 10. Miloyan B, Pachana NA. Clinical significance of worry and physical symptoms in late-life generalized anxiety disorder. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2015;30:1186-94.
  • 11. Kessler RC, Berglund P, Demler O, Jin R, Merikangas KR, Walters EE. Lifetime prevalence and age-of-onset distributions of DSM-IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2005;62:593-602.
  • 12. Kessler RC, Gruber M, Hettema JM, Hwang I, Sampson N, Yonkers KA. Co-morbid major depression and generalized anxiety disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey follow-up. Psychol Med. 2008;38:365-74.
  • 13. Wittchen HU, Jacobi F, Rehm J, et al. The size and burden of mental disorders and other disorders of the brain in Europe 2010. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2011;21:655-79.
  • 14. Wittchen HU, Jacobi F. Size and burden of mental disorders in Europe-a critical review and appraisal of 27 studies. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2005;15:357-76.
  • 15. Karlsson J, Persson LO, Sjöström L, Sullivan M. Psychometric properties and factor structure of the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ) in obese men and women. Results from the Swedish Obese Subjects (SOS) study. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2000;24(12):1715-25.
  • 16. Kıraç D, Kaspar EÇ, Avcılar T, et al. A new method in investigation of obesity-related eating behaviors ‘three-factor eating questionnaire’. Journal of Marmara University Institute of Health Sciences. 2015;5(3):162- 9.
  • 17. Spitzer RL, Kroenke K, Williams JB, Löwe B. A brief measure for assessing generalized anxiety disorder: the GAD-7. Arch Intern Med. 2006;166:1092-97.
  • 18. Konkan R, Şenormanci Ö, Güçlü O, et al. Validity and Reliability Study for the Turkish Adaptation of the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7)Scale. Archives of Neuropsychiatry. 2013;50(1):53-59.
  • 19. İncedal Sonkaya Z, Günay O. Healthy lifestyle behaviors and obesity in faculty and college students. Journal of Health Sciences, 2020;29(3):161-167.
  • 20. Lawless MH, Harrison KA, Grandits GA, et al. Perceived stress and smoking-related behaviors and symptomatology in male and female smokers. Addict. Behav. 2015;51:80–3.
  • 21. Satman I, Omer B, Tutuncu Y, et al. Twelve-year trends in the prevalence and risk factors of diabetes and prediabetes in Turkish adults. Eur J Epidemiol. 2013;28:169-80.
  • 22. Berghöfer A, Pischon T, Reinhold T, Apovian CM, Sharma AM, Willich SN. Obesity prevalence from a European perspective: A systematic review. BMC Public Health. 2008;8:200.
  • 23. Szabo G, Saha B. Alcohol's effect on host defense. Alcohol Res. 2015;37(2):159-70.
  • 24. Weiss IC, Pryce CR, Jongen-Rêlo AL, Nanz-Bahr NI, Feldon J. Effect of social isolation on stress-related behavioural and neuroendocrine state in the rat. Behav Brain Res. 2004;152(2):279-95.
  • 25. Verzijl CL, Ahlich E, Lang B, Rancourt D. Body mass index as a moderator of the association between weight status misperception and disordered eating behaviors. Eat Behav. 2018;30(4):98–103.
  • 26. Anderson LM, Reilly EE, Schaumberg K, Dmochowski S, Anderson DA. Contributions of mindful eating, intuitive eating, and restraint to BMI, disordered eating, and meal consumption in college students. Eat Weight Disord. 2016;21(1):83–90.
  • 27. Yong C, Liu H, Yang Q, et al. The Relationship between Restrained Eating, Body Image, and Dietary Intake among University Students in China: A Cross-Sectional Study. Nutrients. 2021;13(3):990.
  • 28. Löffler A, Luck T, Then FS, et al. Eating Behaviour in the General Population: An Analysis of the Factor Structure of the German Version of the Three-Factor-Eating-Questionnaire (TFEQ) and Its Association with the Body Mass Index. PLoS One, 2015;10(7):e0133977.
  • 29. French SA, Epstein LH, Jeffery RW, et al. Eating behavior dimensions. Associations with energy intake and body weight. A review. Appetite. 2012;59(2):541–9.
  • 30. Choi D, Ota S, Watanuki S. Does cigarette smoking relieve stress? Evidence from the event-related potential (ERP). Int J of psychophysiol. 2015;98(3 Pt 1):470–6.
  • 31. Clay JM, Parker MO. Alcohol use and misuse during the COVID-19 pandemic: A potential public health crisis? Lancet Public Health. 2020;5:e259.
  • 32. Bao Y, Sun Y, Meng S, Shi J, Lu L. 2019-nCoV Epidemic: address mental health care to empower society. The Lancet. 2020;395:e37–8.
  • 33. Xiang YT, Yang Y, Li W, et al. Timely mental health care for the 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak is urgently needed. The Lancet Psychiatry. 2020;7:228–9.
  • 34. Xiao H, Zhang Y, Kong D, et al. The effects of social support on sleep quality of medical staff treating patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in January and February 2020 in China. Medical Science Monitor. 2020;26:1–8.
  • 35. Luo M, Guo L, Yu M, et al. The psychological and mental impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on medical staff and general public–a systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychiatry Res. 2020;291:113190.
  • 36. Cuttilan AN, Sayampanathan AA, Ho RC. Mental health issues amongst medical students in Asia: a systematic review [2000–2015]. Annals of Translational Medicine. 2016;4:1–11.
  • 37. Kleiman SC, Watson HJ, Bulik-Sullivan EC, et al. The ıntestinal microbiota in acute anorexia nervosa and during renourishment: relationship to depression, anxiety, and eating disorder psychopathology. Psychosom Med. 2015;77(9):969-81.
  • 38. Levit M, Weinstein A, Weinstein Y, Tzur-Bitan D, Weinstein A. A study on the relationship between exercise addiction, abnormal eating attitudes, anxiety and depression among athletes in Israel. J Behav Addict. 2018;7(3):800-805.
  • 39. Goel NJ, Sadeh-Sharvit S, Trockel M, et al. Depression and anxiety mediate the relationship between insomnia and eating disorders in college women. J Am Coll Health. 2020;23:1-6.
  • 40. Hajek P, Taylor T, McRobbie H. The effect of stopping smoking on perceived stress levels. Addiction. 2010;105:1466–71.
  • 41. Ma Y, Ratnasabapathy R, Gardiner J. Carbohydrate craving: not everything is sweet. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2017;20:261–5.
  • 42. Yılmaz C, Gökmen V. Neuroactive compounds in foods: occurrence, mechanism and potential health effects. Food Res. 2020;128:108744.

“COVID-19 İÇİN EVDE KAL” HAYATININ ÖĞRENCİLERİN KAYGI DÜZEYLERİ VE YEME DAVRANIŞLARINA ETKİSİ

Year 2023, Volume: 24 Issue: 3, 334 - 342, 13.07.2023

Zehra İncedal Sonkaya Elçin Balcı Serap İncedal Irgat

https://doi.org/10.18229/kocatepetip.1118177

Abstract

AMAÇ: Bu çalışma COVİD-19 pandemisinde uygulanan karantina sürecinin bireylerin kaygı düzeyleri ve yeme davranışlarına etkisini belirlemek için yapılmıştır.
GEREÇ VE YÖNTEM: Çalışma bir üniversitenin sağlık bölümünde okuyan öğrenciler ile kesitsel tipte yapılmıştır. Çalışmaya 510 öğrenci katılmıştır. Veriler sosyodemografik anket formu, Üç Faktörlü Yeme Anketi (TFEQ) ve Yaygın Anksiyete Bozukluğu Testi (YAB-7) kullanılarak toplanmıştır.
BULGULAR: Çalışmaya katılan öğrencilerin yaş ortalaması 21.82±4.45, %21.4’ü erkek, %78.6’sı kadındır. Evde kalınan süre zarfında bireyler daha fazla ev yemeği tükettiğini ve sağlıklı beslendiğini sıklıkla ifade etmiştir. Araştırmada öğrencilerin yaşları ile TFEQ alt boyutu olan kontrolsüz yemek yeme ve duygusal yemek yeme arasında anlamlı bir korelasyon saptanmıştır. Öğrencilerin Yaygın Anksiyete Bozukluğu Ölçeğinden aldıkları puan ortalaması 8.73±5.80 olarak bulunmuştur. Ayrıca anksiyete düzeyleri derecelendirildiğinde ise %25.9’unun hafif anksiyete, %35.5’inin orta derece anksiyete, %21.8’inin yüksek anksiyete ve %17.8’inin ciddi anksiyete yaşadığı saptanmıştır. Yaygın anksiyete grupları ile TFEQ toplam puanları ve TFEQ alt gruplarına ait puanları karşılaştırılmış olup yaygın anksiyete gruplarından hafif anksiyetesi olan kişilerin TFEQ toplam puanı 38,03 ± 10,57 iken orta seviyede anksiyetesi olanların 41,65 ± 10,74 yüksek anksiyetesi olanların 45,22 ± 8,58 ve ciddi anksiyetesi olanların ise 41,97 ± 11,62 olarak belirlenmiştir.
SONUÇ: Bu çalışma, pandemiden kaynaklı ülke çapında uygulanan karantina sırasında, üniversite öğrencilerinin önemli bir bölümünün yeme davranışlarında değişimler ve anksiyete bozukluğu yaşadığını ortaya koymaktadır. Toplum sağlığını korumak için alınan karantina önlemleri özellikle hafif şişman ve şişman grupta yeme bozukluklarının arttığını göstermiştir.

Keywords

COVİD 19 Karantina Yeme bozukluğu Kontrolsüz yeme Anksiyete.

Project Number

Yok

References

  • 1. Wang C, Pan R, Wan X, et al. Immediate Psychological Responses and Associated Factors during the Initial Stage of the 2019 Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Epidemic among the General Population in China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020;17(5):1729.
  • 2. Muscogiuri G, Barrea L, Annunziata G, et al. Obesity and sleep disturbance: the chicken or the egg? Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition. 2019;59(13):2158–2165.
  • 3. Wang C, Horby PW, Hayden FG, Gao GF. A novel coronavirus outbreak of global health concern. Lancet. 2020;365:470–3.
  • 4. Montemurro N. The emotional impact of COVID-19: from medical staff to common people. Brain Behav Immun. 2020;87:23-24.
  • 5. Chang J, Yuan Y, Wang D. Mental health status and its influencing factors among college students during the epidemic of COVID-19. Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao. 2020;40(2):171-6.
  • 6. Araiza MA, Lobel M. Stress and eating: Definitions, findings, explanations, and implications. Social and Personality Psychology Compass. 2018;12 (2);e12378.
  • 7. Kuijer RG, Boyce JA. Emotional eating and its effect on eating behaviour after a natural disaster. Appetite. 2012;58:936–9.
  • 8. Shader RI. COVID-19 and depression. Clin Ther. 2020;42(6):962-963.
  • 9. Kim K, Lee S, Kim JH. Diminished autonomic neurocardiac function in patients with generalized anxiety disorder. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2016;12:3111-8.
  • 10. Miloyan B, Pachana NA. Clinical significance of worry and physical symptoms in late-life generalized anxiety disorder. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2015;30:1186-94.
  • 11. Kessler RC, Berglund P, Demler O, Jin R, Merikangas KR, Walters EE. Lifetime prevalence and age-of-onset distributions of DSM-IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2005;62:593-602.
  • 12. Kessler RC, Gruber M, Hettema JM, Hwang I, Sampson N, Yonkers KA. Co-morbid major depression and generalized anxiety disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey follow-up. Psychol Med. 2008;38:365-74.
  • 13. Wittchen HU, Jacobi F, Rehm J, et al. The size and burden of mental disorders and other disorders of the brain in Europe 2010. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2011;21:655-79.
  • 14. Wittchen HU, Jacobi F. Size and burden of mental disorders in Europe-a critical review and appraisal of 27 studies. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2005;15:357-76.
  • 15. Karlsson J, Persson LO, Sjöström L, Sullivan M. Psychometric properties and factor structure of the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ) in obese men and women. Results from the Swedish Obese Subjects (SOS) study. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2000;24(12):1715-25.
  • 16. Kıraç D, Kaspar EÇ, Avcılar T, et al. A new method in investigation of obesity-related eating behaviors ‘three-factor eating questionnaire’. Journal of Marmara University Institute of Health Sciences. 2015;5(3):162- 9.
  • 17. Spitzer RL, Kroenke K, Williams JB, Löwe B. A brief measure for assessing generalized anxiety disorder: the GAD-7. Arch Intern Med. 2006;166:1092-97.
  • 18. Konkan R, Şenormanci Ö, Güçlü O, et al. Validity and Reliability Study for the Turkish Adaptation of the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7)Scale. Archives of Neuropsychiatry. 2013;50(1):53-59.
  • 19. İncedal Sonkaya Z, Günay O. Healthy lifestyle behaviors and obesity in faculty and college students. Journal of Health Sciences, 2020;29(3):161-167.
  • 20. Lawless MH, Harrison KA, Grandits GA, et al. Perceived stress and smoking-related behaviors and symptomatology in male and female smokers. Addict. Behav. 2015;51:80–3.
  • 21. Satman I, Omer B, Tutuncu Y, et al. Twelve-year trends in the prevalence and risk factors of diabetes and prediabetes in Turkish adults. Eur J Epidemiol. 2013;28:169-80.
  • 22. Berghöfer A, Pischon T, Reinhold T, Apovian CM, Sharma AM, Willich SN. Obesity prevalence from a European perspective: A systematic review. BMC Public Health. 2008;8:200.
  • 23. Szabo G, Saha B. Alcohol's effect on host defense. Alcohol Res. 2015;37(2):159-70.
  • 24. Weiss IC, Pryce CR, Jongen-Rêlo AL, Nanz-Bahr NI, Feldon J. Effect of social isolation on stress-related behavioural and neuroendocrine state in the rat. Behav Brain Res. 2004;152(2):279-95.
  • 25. Verzijl CL, Ahlich E, Lang B, Rancourt D. Body mass index as a moderator of the association between weight status misperception and disordered eating behaviors. Eat Behav. 2018;30(4):98–103.
  • 26. Anderson LM, Reilly EE, Schaumberg K, Dmochowski S, Anderson DA. Contributions of mindful eating, intuitive eating, and restraint to BMI, disordered eating, and meal consumption in college students. Eat Weight Disord. 2016;21(1):83–90.
  • 27. Yong C, Liu H, Yang Q, et al. The Relationship between Restrained Eating, Body Image, and Dietary Intake among University Students in China: A Cross-Sectional Study. Nutrients. 2021;13(3):990.
  • 28. Löffler A, Luck T, Then FS, et al. Eating Behaviour in the General Population: An Analysis of the Factor Structure of the German Version of the Three-Factor-Eating-Questionnaire (TFEQ) and Its Association with the Body Mass Index. PLoS One, 2015;10(7):e0133977.
  • 29. French SA, Epstein LH, Jeffery RW, et al. Eating behavior dimensions. Associations with energy intake and body weight. A review. Appetite. 2012;59(2):541–9.
  • 30. Choi D, Ota S, Watanuki S. Does cigarette smoking relieve stress? Evidence from the event-related potential (ERP). Int J of psychophysiol. 2015;98(3 Pt 1):470–6.
  • 31. Clay JM, Parker MO. Alcohol use and misuse during the COVID-19 pandemic: A potential public health crisis? Lancet Public Health. 2020;5:e259.
  • 32. Bao Y, Sun Y, Meng S, Shi J, Lu L. 2019-nCoV Epidemic: address mental health care to empower society. The Lancet. 2020;395:e37–8.
  • 33. Xiang YT, Yang Y, Li W, et al. Timely mental health care for the 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak is urgently needed. The Lancet Psychiatry. 2020;7:228–9.
  • 34. Xiao H, Zhang Y, Kong D, et al. The effects of social support on sleep quality of medical staff treating patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in January and February 2020 in China. Medical Science Monitor. 2020;26:1–8.
  • 35. Luo M, Guo L, Yu M, et al. The psychological and mental impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on medical staff and general public–a systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychiatry Res. 2020;291:113190.
  • 36. Cuttilan AN, Sayampanathan AA, Ho RC. Mental health issues amongst medical students in Asia: a systematic review [2000–2015]. Annals of Translational Medicine. 2016;4:1–11.
  • 37. Kleiman SC, Watson HJ, Bulik-Sullivan EC, et al. The ıntestinal microbiota in acute anorexia nervosa and during renourishment: relationship to depression, anxiety, and eating disorder psychopathology. Psychosom Med. 2015;77(9):969-81.
  • 38. Levit M, Weinstein A, Weinstein Y, Tzur-Bitan D, Weinstein A. A study on the relationship between exercise addiction, abnormal eating attitudes, anxiety and depression among athletes in Israel. J Behav Addict. 2018;7(3):800-805.
  • 39. Goel NJ, Sadeh-Sharvit S, Trockel M, et al. Depression and anxiety mediate the relationship between insomnia and eating disorders in college women. J Am Coll Health. 2020;23:1-6.
  • 40. Hajek P, Taylor T, McRobbie H. The effect of stopping smoking on perceived stress levels. Addiction. 2010;105:1466–71.
  • 41. Ma Y, Ratnasabapathy R, Gardiner J. Carbohydrate craving: not everything is sweet. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2017;20:261–5.
  • 42. Yılmaz C, Gökmen V. Neuroactive compounds in foods: occurrence, mechanism and potential health effects. Food Res. 2020;128:108744.
There are 42 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Clinical Sciences
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Zehra İncedal Sonkaya 0000-0002-5446-9707

Elçin Balcı 0000-0003-3203-198X

Serap İncedal Irgat 0000-0002-6458-5568

Project Number Yok
Publication Date July 13, 2023
Acceptance Date November 11, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 24 Issue: 3

Cite

APA İncedal Sonkaya, Z., Balcı, E., & İncedal Irgat, S. (2023). THE EFFECT OF “STAY HOME FOR COVID-19” LIFE ON STUDENTS ANXIETY LEVELS AND EATING BEHAVIORS. Kocatepe Tıp Dergisi, 24(3), 334-342. https://doi.org/10.18229/kocatepetip.1118177
AMA İncedal Sonkaya Z, Balcı E, İncedal Irgat S. THE EFFECT OF “STAY HOME FOR COVID-19” LIFE ON STUDENTS ANXIETY LEVELS AND EATING BEHAVIORS. KTD. July 2023;24(3):334-342. doi:10.18229/kocatepetip.1118177
Chicago İncedal Sonkaya, Zehra, Elçin Balcı, and Serap İncedal Irgat. “THE EFFECT OF ‘STAY HOME FOR COVID-19’ LIFE ON STUDENTS ANXIETY LEVELS AND EATING BEHAVIORS”. Kocatepe Tıp Dergisi 24, no. 3 (July 2023): 334-42. https://doi.org/10.18229/kocatepetip.1118177.
EndNote İncedal Sonkaya Z, Balcı E, İncedal Irgat S (July 1, 2023) THE EFFECT OF “STAY HOME FOR COVID-19” LIFE ON STUDENTS ANXIETY LEVELS AND EATING BEHAVIORS. Kocatepe Tıp Dergisi 24 3 334–342.
IEEE Z. İncedal Sonkaya, E. Balcı, and S. İncedal Irgat, “THE EFFECT OF ‘STAY HOME FOR COVID-19’ LIFE ON STUDENTS ANXIETY LEVELS AND EATING BEHAVIORS”, KTD, vol. 24, no. 3, pp. 334–342, 2023, doi: 10.18229/kocatepetip.1118177.
ISNAD İncedal Sonkaya, Zehra et al. “THE EFFECT OF ‘STAY HOME FOR COVID-19’ LIFE ON STUDENTS ANXIETY LEVELS AND EATING BEHAVIORS”. Kocatepe Tıp Dergisi 24/3 (July 2023), 334-342. https://doi.org/10.18229/kocatepetip.1118177.
JAMA İncedal Sonkaya Z, Balcı E, İncedal Irgat S. THE EFFECT OF “STAY HOME FOR COVID-19” LIFE ON STUDENTS ANXIETY LEVELS AND EATING BEHAVIORS. KTD. 2023;24:334–342.
MLA İncedal Sonkaya, Zehra et al. “THE EFFECT OF ‘STAY HOME FOR COVID-19’ LIFE ON STUDENTS ANXIETY LEVELS AND EATING BEHAVIORS”. Kocatepe Tıp Dergisi, vol. 24, no. 3, 2023, pp. 334-42, doi:10.18229/kocatepetip.1118177.
Vancouver İncedal Sonkaya Z, Balcı E, İncedal Irgat S. THE EFFECT OF “STAY HOME FOR COVID-19” LIFE ON STUDENTS ANXIETY LEVELS AND EATING BEHAVIORS. KTD. 2023;24(3):334-42.
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