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Evaluation of Anxiety and Depression Levels in Children with Chest Pain Using A Standardized Scale

Year 2020, Volume: 12 Issue: 3, 492 - 497, 20.10.2020
https://doi.org/10.18521/ktd.748033

Abstract

Objective: Chest pain in children may be caused by psychogenic disorders. We aimed to evaluate the relationship between chest pain and the levels of anxiety and depression in children.

Method: Children admitted to a pediatric cardiology unit with the complaint of chest pain and healthy controls were included. History of the cases, physical examination findings, and the results of biochemical tests, electrocardiogram, 24-h Holter monitoring and echocardiographic examination were recorded. The group with chest pain and the control group were compared using the Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale-Child Version.

Results: A total of 100 children with chest pain [46 (46.0%) boys and 54 (54.0%) girls; mean age, 12.5 years] and 55 healthy controls [25 (45.5%) boys and 30 (54.5%) girls; mean age, 13.1 years] were included into the study. The psychiatric scale was applied to children aged 8-18 years (93 cases with chest pain and 54 control subjects). The scores of all the subscales were statistically higher in the group with chest pain than in the control group (generalized anxiety disorder: 7.39±3.4 versus 5.48±2.6, P=0.001; major depressive disorder: 8.84±6.1 versus 6.27±4.7, P=0.009; panic disorder: 9.07±6.1 versus 4.92±4.7, P=0.000; separation anxiety disorder: 5.53±3.7 versus 3.77±3.3, P=0.005; obsessive-compulsive disorder: 6.48±3.6 versus 4.74±3.3, P=0.005; social anxiety disorder: 10.1±5.5 versus 7.81±4.9, P=0.010).

Conclusion: There seems to be an association between increased levels of anxiety and depression disorders and chest pain in children. A comprehensive psychiatric assessment should be carried out in pediatric chest pain cases in addition to some basic cardiac evaluations.

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References

  • Kocis KC. Chest pain in pediatrics. Pediatr Clin North Am. 1999; 46(2):189-203.
  • Danduran MJ, Earing MG, Sheridan DC, Ewalt LA, Frommelt PC. Chest pain: characteristics of children/adolescents. Pediatr Cardiol. 2008; 29(4):775-781.
  • Sabri MR, Ghavanini AA, Haghighat M, Imanieh MH. Chest pain in children and adolescents: epigastric tenderness as a guide to reduce unnecessary work-up. Pediatr Cardiol. 2003;24(1):3-5.
  • Gormez V, Kilincaslan, A, Orengul AC, Ebesutani C, Kaya I, Ceri V, et al. (2016). Psychometric properties of the Turkish translation of the revised child anxiety and depression scale-child version (RCADS-CV) in a clinical sample. Psychıatry And Clınıcal Psychopharmacology. 2017;27(1):84-92.
  • İrdem A, Duras E, Sazak S, Yakut MN, Uysal T, Dursun H. Diagnostic evaluation of children admitted to pediatric cardiology clinic due to chest pain. Van Tıp Derg. 2019;26(2):146-152.
  • Kenar A, Örün UA, Yoldaş T, Kayalı Ş, Bodur Ş, Karademir S, et al. Anxiety, depression, and behavioural rating scales in children with non-cardiac chest pain. Cardiol young. 2019;29(10):1268-1271.
  • Sert A, Aypar E, Odabası D, Gokcen C. Clinical characteristics and cause of chest pain in 380 children referred pediatric cardiology unit. Cardiology Young. 2012;23(3):361-367.
  • Selbst SM. Approach to the child with chest pain. Pediatr Clin North Am. 2010;57(6): 1221-1234.
  • Selbst SM, Ruddy RM, Clarc BJ, Henretig FM, Santulli T Jr. Pediatric chest pain: a prospective study. Pediatrics. 1988;82(3):319-23.
  • Verghese GR, Friedman KG, Rathod RH, et al. Resource utilization reduction for evaluation of chest pain in pediatrics using a novel Standardized Clinical Assessment and Management Plan (SCAMP). J Am Heart Assoc. 2012;1(2).
  • Çiçek P, Akın A, Bilici M, Türe M, Balık H, Yılmaz K. Çocuk kardiyoloji polikliniğine göğüs ağrısı şikayeti ile başvuran hastaların etyolojik değerlendirilmesi. Dicle Med J. 2019;46(2):283-288.
  • Tamar M, Özbaran B. Çocuk ve ergenlerde depresyon. Klinik Psikiyatri Dergisi. 2004; Ek2:84-92.
  • Bal U, Çakmak S, Uğuz Ş. Anksiyete bozukluklarında cinsiyete göre semptom farklılıkları. Arşiv Kaynak Tarama Dergisi. 2013;22(4):441-459.
  • Lipsitz JD, Masia-Warner C, Apfel H, Marans Z, Hellstern B, Forand N, et al. Anxiety and depressive symptoms and anxiety sensitivity in youngsters with noncardiac chest pain and benign heart murmurs. Journal of Pediatric Psychology. 2004;29(8):607-12.
  • Lipsitz JD, Masia-Warner C, Apfel H, Marans Z, Gur M, Heather Dent, et al. Non-cardiac chest pain and psychopathology in children and adolescents psychopathology in children and adolescents. Psychosomat Res. 2005;59(3):185–188.
  • Garber J, Walker LS, Zeman J. Somatization symptoms in a community sample of children and adolescents: further validation of the children’s somatization inventory. Psychol Assess J Consult Clin Psychol.1991;3:588–595.
  • Rhee H, Miles MS, Halpern CT, Holditch-Davis D. Prevalence of recurrent physical symptoms in U.S. adolescents. Pediatr Nurs.2005; 31:314–319, 350.
  • Tunaoglu FS, Olgunturk R, Akcabay S, Oguz D, Gucuyener K, Demirsoy S. Chest pain in children referred to a cardiology clinic. Pediatr Cardiol. 1995;16(2):69–72.
  • Göker Z, Güney E, Dinç G, Hekim Ö, Üneri ÖŞ. Çocuk ve ergenlerde anksiyete ile ilişkili bozuklukların klinik ve demografik özellikleri: bir yıllık kesitsel bir örneklem. Klinik Psikiyatri 2015;18(1):7-14.

Göğüs Ağrısı Olan Çocuklarda Standart Bir Ölçek Kullanılarak Anksiyete ve Depresyon Düzeylerinin Araştırılması

Year 2020, Volume: 12 Issue: 3, 492 - 497, 20.10.2020
https://doi.org/10.18521/ktd.748033

Abstract

Amaç: Çocukluk çağında görülen göğüs ağrıları psikojenik kökenli olabilir. Bu çalışmada çocuklarda görülen göğüs ağrısı ile anksiyete ve depresyon düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkiyi değerlendirmeyi amaçladık.


Yöntem: Pediatrik kardiyoloji bölümüne göğüs ağrısı şikayeti ile başvuran olgular ve kontrol grubunu oluşturan sağlıklı çocuklar çalışmaya dahil edildi. Hastaların hikayesi, fizik muayene bulguları ile biyokimyasal testlerin, elektrokardiyografik incelemenin, 24-saatlik Holter monitörizasyonunun ve ekokardiyografik incelemenin sonuçları kaydedildi. Göğüs ağrısı olan grup ile kontrol grubu, Çocuk Anksiyete ve Depresyon Ölçeği-Yenilenmiş ölçeği kullanılarak karşılaştırıldı.


Bulgular: Göğüs ağrısı olan toplam 100 çocuk [46 (%46,0) erkek ve 54 (%54,0) kız; ortalama yaş: 12,5 yıl] ve 55 sağlıklı kontrol [25 (%45,5) erkek ve 30 (%54,5) kız; ortalama yaş: 13,1 yıl] çalışmaya dahil edildi. Psikiyatrik ölçek ile değerlendirme 8-18 yaş arasındaki çocuklara (göğüs ağrısı grubundaki 93 hastaya ve kontrol grubundaki 54 olguya) uygulandı. Göğüs ağrısı grubunda tüm alt ölçek skorları, kontrol grubuna göre anlamlı olarak daha yüksek bulundu (yaygın anksiyete bozukluğu: 7.39±3.4 ve 5.48±2.6, P=0.001; majör depresif bozukluk: 8.84±6.1 ve 6.27±4.7, P=0.009; panik bozukluk: 9.07±6.1 ve 4.92±4.7, P=0.000; ayrılık anksiyetesi bozukluğu: 5.53±3.7 ve 3.77±3.3, P=0.005; obsesif-kompülsif bozukluk: 6.48±3.6 ve 4.74±3.3, P=0.005; sosyal anksiyete bozukluğu: 10.1±5.5 ve 7.81±4.9, P=0.010).


Sonuç: Bu sonuçlar, çocukluk çağında artmış anksiyete ve depresyon düzeyleri ile göğüs ağrısı arasındaki ilişkinin varlığına işaret etmektedir. Göğüs ağrısı olan çocuklarda bazı temel kardiyak incelemelere ek olarak kapsamlı bir psikiyatrik değerlendirme yapılması uygundur.

Project Number

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References

  • Kocis KC. Chest pain in pediatrics. Pediatr Clin North Am. 1999; 46(2):189-203.
  • Danduran MJ, Earing MG, Sheridan DC, Ewalt LA, Frommelt PC. Chest pain: characteristics of children/adolescents. Pediatr Cardiol. 2008; 29(4):775-781.
  • Sabri MR, Ghavanini AA, Haghighat M, Imanieh MH. Chest pain in children and adolescents: epigastric tenderness as a guide to reduce unnecessary work-up. Pediatr Cardiol. 2003;24(1):3-5.
  • Gormez V, Kilincaslan, A, Orengul AC, Ebesutani C, Kaya I, Ceri V, et al. (2016). Psychometric properties of the Turkish translation of the revised child anxiety and depression scale-child version (RCADS-CV) in a clinical sample. Psychıatry And Clınıcal Psychopharmacology. 2017;27(1):84-92.
  • İrdem A, Duras E, Sazak S, Yakut MN, Uysal T, Dursun H. Diagnostic evaluation of children admitted to pediatric cardiology clinic due to chest pain. Van Tıp Derg. 2019;26(2):146-152.
  • Kenar A, Örün UA, Yoldaş T, Kayalı Ş, Bodur Ş, Karademir S, et al. Anxiety, depression, and behavioural rating scales in children with non-cardiac chest pain. Cardiol young. 2019;29(10):1268-1271.
  • Sert A, Aypar E, Odabası D, Gokcen C. Clinical characteristics and cause of chest pain in 380 children referred pediatric cardiology unit. Cardiology Young. 2012;23(3):361-367.
  • Selbst SM. Approach to the child with chest pain. Pediatr Clin North Am. 2010;57(6): 1221-1234.
  • Selbst SM, Ruddy RM, Clarc BJ, Henretig FM, Santulli T Jr. Pediatric chest pain: a prospective study. Pediatrics. 1988;82(3):319-23.
  • Verghese GR, Friedman KG, Rathod RH, et al. Resource utilization reduction for evaluation of chest pain in pediatrics using a novel Standardized Clinical Assessment and Management Plan (SCAMP). J Am Heart Assoc. 2012;1(2).
  • Çiçek P, Akın A, Bilici M, Türe M, Balık H, Yılmaz K. Çocuk kardiyoloji polikliniğine göğüs ağrısı şikayeti ile başvuran hastaların etyolojik değerlendirilmesi. Dicle Med J. 2019;46(2):283-288.
  • Tamar M, Özbaran B. Çocuk ve ergenlerde depresyon. Klinik Psikiyatri Dergisi. 2004; Ek2:84-92.
  • Bal U, Çakmak S, Uğuz Ş. Anksiyete bozukluklarında cinsiyete göre semptom farklılıkları. Arşiv Kaynak Tarama Dergisi. 2013;22(4):441-459.
  • Lipsitz JD, Masia-Warner C, Apfel H, Marans Z, Hellstern B, Forand N, et al. Anxiety and depressive symptoms and anxiety sensitivity in youngsters with noncardiac chest pain and benign heart murmurs. Journal of Pediatric Psychology. 2004;29(8):607-12.
  • Lipsitz JD, Masia-Warner C, Apfel H, Marans Z, Gur M, Heather Dent, et al. Non-cardiac chest pain and psychopathology in children and adolescents psychopathology in children and adolescents. Psychosomat Res. 2005;59(3):185–188.
  • Garber J, Walker LS, Zeman J. Somatization symptoms in a community sample of children and adolescents: further validation of the children’s somatization inventory. Psychol Assess J Consult Clin Psychol.1991;3:588–595.
  • Rhee H, Miles MS, Halpern CT, Holditch-Davis D. Prevalence of recurrent physical symptoms in U.S. adolescents. Pediatr Nurs.2005; 31:314–319, 350.
  • Tunaoglu FS, Olgunturk R, Akcabay S, Oguz D, Gucuyener K, Demirsoy S. Chest pain in children referred to a cardiology clinic. Pediatr Cardiol. 1995;16(2):69–72.
  • Göker Z, Güney E, Dinç G, Hekim Ö, Üneri ÖŞ. Çocuk ve ergenlerde anksiyete ile ilişkili bozuklukların klinik ve demografik özellikleri: bir yıllık kesitsel bir örneklem. Klinik Psikiyatri 2015;18(1):7-14.
There are 19 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Mehmet Uzunoğlu 0000-0002-8441-4096

Mahmut Keskin 0000-0002-6826-2985

Ümit Işık 0000-0001-6006-3247

Project Number -
Publication Date October 20, 2020
Acceptance Date September 5, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 12 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Uzunoğlu, M., Keskin, M., & Işık, Ü. (2020). Evaluation of Anxiety and Depression Levels in Children with Chest Pain Using A Standardized Scale. Konuralp Medical Journal, 12(3), 492-497. https://doi.org/10.18521/ktd.748033
AMA Uzunoğlu M, Keskin M, Işık Ü. Evaluation of Anxiety and Depression Levels in Children with Chest Pain Using A Standardized Scale. Konuralp Medical Journal. October 2020;12(3):492-497. doi:10.18521/ktd.748033
Chicago Uzunoğlu, Mehmet, Mahmut Keskin, and Ümit Işık. “Evaluation of Anxiety and Depression Levels in Children With Chest Pain Using A Standardized Scale”. Konuralp Medical Journal 12, no. 3 (October 2020): 492-97. https://doi.org/10.18521/ktd.748033.
EndNote Uzunoğlu M, Keskin M, Işık Ü (October 1, 2020) Evaluation of Anxiety and Depression Levels in Children with Chest Pain Using A Standardized Scale. Konuralp Medical Journal 12 3 492–497.
IEEE M. Uzunoğlu, M. Keskin, and Ü. Işık, “Evaluation of Anxiety and Depression Levels in Children with Chest Pain Using A Standardized Scale”, Konuralp Medical Journal, vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 492–497, 2020, doi: 10.18521/ktd.748033.
ISNAD Uzunoğlu, Mehmet et al. “Evaluation of Anxiety and Depression Levels in Children With Chest Pain Using A Standardized Scale”. Konuralp Medical Journal 12/3 (October 2020), 492-497. https://doi.org/10.18521/ktd.748033.
JAMA Uzunoğlu M, Keskin M, Işık Ü. Evaluation of Anxiety and Depression Levels in Children with Chest Pain Using A Standardized Scale. Konuralp Medical Journal. 2020;12:492–497.
MLA Uzunoğlu, Mehmet et al. “Evaluation of Anxiety and Depression Levels in Children With Chest Pain Using A Standardized Scale”. Konuralp Medical Journal, vol. 12, no. 3, 2020, pp. 492-7, doi:10.18521/ktd.748033.
Vancouver Uzunoğlu M, Keskin M, Işık Ü. Evaluation of Anxiety and Depression Levels in Children with Chest Pain Using A Standardized Scale. Konuralp Medical Journal. 2020;12(3):492-7.