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Investigation of MMP-9 and E-Selectine Levels in Isolated Pediatric Head Trauma

Year 2021, Volume: 23 Issue: 1, 116 - 124, 30.04.2021

Elif Demir Ramazan Giden

https://doi.org/10.24938/kutfd.836041

Abstract

Objective: Our aim in this study was to determine how Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and E-selectin levels are affected in the damage caused by isolated pediatric head trauma. At the same time, it was aimed to investigate the value of these biochemical parameters in these cases and to propose new opinions on the subject.
Material and Methods: Forty-nine patients with isolated pediatric head trauma under the age of 18 who were brought to the emergency department of the hospital constituted the patient group while 39 healthy children under the age of 18 were included in the study as the control group. Venous blood samples of the patients were taken. Serum MMP-9 and E-selectin levels were measured quantitatively by using ELISA method. The obtained results were evaluated in the SPSS program.
Results: While MMP-9 levels measured in our patient group were significantly higher than the control group (p<0.001), no statistically significant difference was found between the patient group and the control group in terms of E-selectin levels. In the classification made according to the Glasgow coma scale; no statistically significant difference was found in terms of MMP-9 levels. E-selectin levels were significantly higher in the severe patient group than the mild patient group (p=0.033).
Conclusion: Various tissue damages occured in the patient group. The release of MMP-9 by inflammatory cells indicates that serum MMP-9 levels are high in patients with intense inflammation and high inflammatory cell load. E-selectin level higher in the severe patient group than the mild patient group according to the Glasgow coma scale indicates endothelial cell damage.

Keywords

Pediatric Head Trauma E-Selectin matrix metalloproteinase-9

References

  • 1. Marshall LF, Marshall SB Grady MS. Modern neurotraumatology: A brief historical review In: Winn HR, Youmans JR, eds. Youmans Neurological Surgery, 5th ed. Philadelphia. Saunders 4, 2004:5019-24.
  • 2. Şahinoğlu AH. Yoğun Bakım Sorunları ve Tedavileri 2. Baskı, Ankara, Türkiye Klinikleri. 2003;331-6.
  • 3. Buchman TG, Bowling WM, Kelen GD. Thoracic Trauma. Cline DM, Ma OJ, Tintinalli JE. Emergency Medicine. 5th ed. America. Mc Graw Hill View CO., 2002.
  • 4. Allgöwer M. Trauma systems in Europe. Am J Surgery. 1991;161(2):226-9.
  • 5. Longhi L, Saatman K. Cellular basic of injury and recovery from trauma. In: Winn HR, ed. Youmans Neurological Surgery. Philadelphia. Saunders, 1996:5025-33.
  • 6. Zwienenberg-Lee M, Muizelaar J. Clinical Pathophysiology of Traumatic Brain Injury. Youmans Neurological Surgery. 5th ed. Philadelphia. Saunders. 2004.
  • 7. Campbell JW, Adelson PD. Severe closed head ınjury in children. In: Batjer HH, Loftus CM, eds. Textbook of Neurological Surgery. Baltimore, USA. Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins, 2002:1072-8.
  • 8. Alexander R, Proctor H. Head Trauma, Advanced Trauma Life Support. 3rd ed. Chicago. American College of Surgeons, 1993.
  • 9. Ceviker N, Baykaner K, Keskil S, Cengel M, Kaymaz M. Moderate head injuries in children as compared to other age groups, including the cases who had talked and deteriorated. Acta Neurochirurgica. 1995;133(3-4):116-21.
  • 10. Ertekin C, Güloğlu R, Kurtoğlu M, Uzar Aİ, Kayahan C. Kinematics of Trauma, 1. Baskı, İstanbul: İstanbul Medikal Yayıncılık. 2005;33-45.
  • 11. Carney NA, Ghajar J. The Brain trauma foundation. Guidelines for the management of severe traumatic brain injury. J Neurotrauma. 2007;24(1):1-2.
  • 12. Uçar T. Skalp yaralanmaları. Aksoy K, ed. Temel Nöroşirürji. 1. baskı. Ankara. Türk Nöroşirurji Derneği Yayınları, 2005:342-5.
  • 13. Yeşilağaç H. Güncel Acil Tanı Tedavi. 5. baskı. İstanbul. Nobel Kitabevi, 2006.
  • 14. Bekar A, Bozbuğa M, Çelikoğlu E, Savaş A, Aydın Y, Müslüman M ve ark. Kafa travması. In: Ertekin C, Tavioloğlu K, Güloğlu R, eds. Travma. 1. baskı. İstanbul. İstanbul Medikal Yayıncılık, 2005:654-64.
  • 15. Buket R. Matrix metalloproteinaz enzimleri ve ateroskleroz. Türkiye Klinikleri J Med Sci. 2006;26(5):527-37.
  • 16. Zeng ZS. Loss of basement: membrane type IV collagen is associated with increased expression of Metalloproteinases 2 and 9 during human colorectal tumorigenesis. Carsinogenesis. 1999;20(5):749-55.
  • 17. John A, Tuszynski G. The role of Matrix Metalloproteinases in tumor angiogenesis and tumor metastasis. Pathol Oncol Res. 2001;7(1):14-23.
  • 18. Matsuyama A, Sakai N, Ishigami M, Hiraoka H, Kashine S, Hirata A et al. Matrix metalloproteinases as novel disease markers in takayasu arteritis. Circulation. 2003;108(12):1469-73.
  • 19. Mackay CR, Imhof BA. Cell adhesion in the immune system. Immunol Today. 1993;14(3):99-102.
  • 20. Elangbam CS, Qualls CW, Dahlgren RR. Cell adhesion molecules update. Vet Pathol. 1997;34(1):61-73.
  • 21. Jung U, Ley K. Mice lacking two or all three selectins demonstrate overlapping and distinct functions for each selectin. J Immunol. 1999;162(11):6755-62.
  • 22. Tekereci HM, Şahan B, Top C. Hücre adezyon molekülleri. Nobel med. 2008;4(1):4-10.
  • 23. Roldan V. Soluble E-selectin in cardiovascular disease and its risk factors. A review of the literature. Thromb Haemost. 2003;90(6):1007-20.
  • 24. Mandal M, Mandal A, Das D, Chakraborti T, Sajal C. Clinical implications of matrix metalloproteinases. Mol Cell Biochem. 2003;252(1-2):305-29.
  • 25. Visse R, Nagase H. Matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases. Structure, function and biochemistry. Circ.Res. 2003;92(8):827-39.
  • 26. Muphy G, Willenbrock F, Crabbe T. Regulation of matrix metalloproteinases activity. Ann Ny Acad Sci. 1994;732(1):31-41.
  • 27. Cojocarui IM, Cojocaru M, Sapira V. Changes in plasma matrix metalloproteinase-9 levels in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Rom J Intern Med. 2012;50(2):155-8.
  • 28. Eckart RE, Uyehara CFT, Shry EA. Matrix metalloproteinases in patients with myocardial infarction and percutaneous revascularization. J Interven Cardiol. 2004;17(1):27-31.
  • 29. Susskind H, Hymowitz MH, Lau YH, Atkins HL, Hurewitz AN, Valentine ES et al. Increased plasma levels of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 in lung and breast cancer are altered during chest radiotherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2003;56(4):1161-9.
  • 30. Sagar R, Kumar A, Verma V, Yadav AK, Raj R, Rawat D et al. Incremental accuracy of blood biomarkers for predicting clinical outcomes after ıntracerebral hemorrhage. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2021;30(3):105537.
  • 31. Ferrero-Miliani L, Nielsen OH, Andersen PS, Girardin SE. Chronic inflammation: importance of NOD2 and NALP3 in interleukin-1beta generation. Clin Exp Immunol. 2007;147(2):227-35.
  • 32. Kumar V, Abbas AK. Aster JC. Inflammation and Repair Robbins Basic Pathology. 9th ed. Philadelphia. Elsevier, 2013.
  • 33. Mackay CR, Imhof BA. Cell adhesion in the immune system. Immunol Today. 1993;14(3):99-102.
  • 34. Paulson JC. Selectin/carbohydrate-mediated adhesion of leukocytes. In: Harlan JM, Lui DY, eds. Adhesion: Its Role in Inflamatory Disease. New York. W.H. Freeman, 1992:104-35.
  • 35. Albelda SM, Smith CW, Ward PA. Adhesion molecules and inflammatory injury. FASEB J. 1994;8(8):504-12.
  • 36. Blankenberg S, Rupprecht HJ, Bickel C, Peetz D, Hafner G, Tiret L et al. Circulating cell adhesion molecules and death in patients with coronary artery disease. Circulation. 2001;104(12):1336-42.
  • 37. Kamijikkoku S, Murohara T, Tayama S, Matsuyama K, Honda T, Ando M et al. Acute myocardial infarction and increased soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1: a marker of vascular inflammation and a risk of early restenosis? Am Heart J. 1998;136(2):231-6.
  • 38. Nash MC, Wade O, Shah V, Dillon MJ. Normal levels of soluble E-selectin, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1) decrease with age. Clin Exp Immunol. 1996;103(1):167-70.
  • 39. Bevilacqua MP. Endothelial-lukocyte adhesion molecules. Ann Rev of Immunol. 1993;11(1):767-804.

İZOLE PEDİATRİK KAFA TRAVMALARINDA MMP-9 VE E-SELEKTİN DÜZEYLERİNİN ARAŞTIRILMASI

Year 2021, Volume: 23 Issue: 1, 116 - 124, 30.04.2021

Elif Demir Ramazan Giden

https://doi.org/10.24938/kutfd.836041

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışmadaki amacımız, izole pediatrik kafa travmalarında meydana gelen hasarda Matriks Metalloproteinaz-9 (MMP-9) ve E-selektintin düzeylerinin nasıl etkilendiğini tespit etmektir. Aynı zamanda bu parametrelerin bu vakalardaki biyokimyasal açıdan değerini araştırmak, konuyla ilgili yeni görüşler ileri sürebilmek hedeflenmiştir.
Gereç ve Yöntemler: Hastane acil servisine getirilen 18 yaş altındaki izole pediatrik kafa travmalı 49 çocuk hasta grubu olarak, 18 yaş altı 39 sağlıklı çocuk da kontrol grubu olarak çalışmaya alındı. Hastaların venöz kan örnekleri alındı. Serum MMP-9 ve E-selektintin düzeyleri ELISA yöntemi kullanılarak kantitatif olarak çalışıldı. Elde elden sonuçlar SPSS programında değerlendirildi.
Bulgular: Hasta grubumuzda ölçülen MMP-9 düzeyleri kontrol grubuna göre anlamlı derecede yüksek iken (p<0.001), E-selektintin düzeyleri açısından hasta grubu ile kontrol grubu arasında istatistiksel olarak herhangi bir anlamlılık tespit edilmedi. Glasgow koma skalasına göre yapılan sınıflandırmada; MMP-9 düzeyleri açısından istatistiksel olarak herhangi bir anlamlılık tespit edilmedi. E-selektintin düzeyleri ağır hasta grubunda hafif hasta grubuna göre istatistiksel olarak anlamlı derecede yüksek idi (p=0.033).
Sonuç: Travmaya maruz kalmış olan hasta grubunda çeşitli doku hasarları meydana gelmektedir. MMP-9’un inflamatuvar hücreler tarafından salınması nedeniyle, inflamasyonun yoğun olduğu ve inflamatuvar hücre yükünün fazla olduğu hastalarda serum MMP-9 düzeylerinin yüksek olduğunu görülmüştür. E-selektintin düzeylerinin Glasgow koma skalasına göre ağır dereceli hasta grubunda, hafif dereceli hasta grubuna göre anlamlı artışı endotel hücre hasarını göstermektedir.

Keywords

Pediatrik kafa travması matriks metalloproteinaz-9 E-Selektin

References

  • 1. Marshall LF, Marshall SB Grady MS. Modern neurotraumatology: A brief historical review In: Winn HR, Youmans JR, eds. Youmans Neurological Surgery, 5th ed. Philadelphia. Saunders 4, 2004:5019-24.
  • 2. Şahinoğlu AH. Yoğun Bakım Sorunları ve Tedavileri 2. Baskı, Ankara, Türkiye Klinikleri. 2003;331-6.
  • 3. Buchman TG, Bowling WM, Kelen GD. Thoracic Trauma. Cline DM, Ma OJ, Tintinalli JE. Emergency Medicine. 5th ed. America. Mc Graw Hill View CO., 2002.
  • 4. Allgöwer M. Trauma systems in Europe. Am J Surgery. 1991;161(2):226-9.
  • 5. Longhi L, Saatman K. Cellular basic of injury and recovery from trauma. In: Winn HR, ed. Youmans Neurological Surgery. Philadelphia. Saunders, 1996:5025-33.
  • 6. Zwienenberg-Lee M, Muizelaar J. Clinical Pathophysiology of Traumatic Brain Injury. Youmans Neurological Surgery. 5th ed. Philadelphia. Saunders. 2004.
  • 7. Campbell JW, Adelson PD. Severe closed head ınjury in children. In: Batjer HH, Loftus CM, eds. Textbook of Neurological Surgery. Baltimore, USA. Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins, 2002:1072-8.
  • 8. Alexander R, Proctor H. Head Trauma, Advanced Trauma Life Support. 3rd ed. Chicago. American College of Surgeons, 1993.
  • 9. Ceviker N, Baykaner K, Keskil S, Cengel M, Kaymaz M. Moderate head injuries in children as compared to other age groups, including the cases who had talked and deteriorated. Acta Neurochirurgica. 1995;133(3-4):116-21.
  • 10. Ertekin C, Güloğlu R, Kurtoğlu M, Uzar Aİ, Kayahan C. Kinematics of Trauma, 1. Baskı, İstanbul: İstanbul Medikal Yayıncılık. 2005;33-45.
  • 11. Carney NA, Ghajar J. The Brain trauma foundation. Guidelines for the management of severe traumatic brain injury. J Neurotrauma. 2007;24(1):1-2.
  • 12. Uçar T. Skalp yaralanmaları. Aksoy K, ed. Temel Nöroşirürji. 1. baskı. Ankara. Türk Nöroşirurji Derneği Yayınları, 2005:342-5.
  • 13. Yeşilağaç H. Güncel Acil Tanı Tedavi. 5. baskı. İstanbul. Nobel Kitabevi, 2006.
  • 14. Bekar A, Bozbuğa M, Çelikoğlu E, Savaş A, Aydın Y, Müslüman M ve ark. Kafa travması. In: Ertekin C, Tavioloğlu K, Güloğlu R, eds. Travma. 1. baskı. İstanbul. İstanbul Medikal Yayıncılık, 2005:654-64.
  • 15. Buket R. Matrix metalloproteinaz enzimleri ve ateroskleroz. Türkiye Klinikleri J Med Sci. 2006;26(5):527-37.
  • 16. Zeng ZS. Loss of basement: membrane type IV collagen is associated with increased expression of Metalloproteinases 2 and 9 during human colorectal tumorigenesis. Carsinogenesis. 1999;20(5):749-55.
  • 17. John A, Tuszynski G. The role of Matrix Metalloproteinases in tumor angiogenesis and tumor metastasis. Pathol Oncol Res. 2001;7(1):14-23.
  • 18. Matsuyama A, Sakai N, Ishigami M, Hiraoka H, Kashine S, Hirata A et al. Matrix metalloproteinases as novel disease markers in takayasu arteritis. Circulation. 2003;108(12):1469-73.
  • 19. Mackay CR, Imhof BA. Cell adhesion in the immune system. Immunol Today. 1993;14(3):99-102.
  • 20. Elangbam CS, Qualls CW, Dahlgren RR. Cell adhesion molecules update. Vet Pathol. 1997;34(1):61-73.
  • 21. Jung U, Ley K. Mice lacking two or all three selectins demonstrate overlapping and distinct functions for each selectin. J Immunol. 1999;162(11):6755-62.
  • 22. Tekereci HM, Şahan B, Top C. Hücre adezyon molekülleri. Nobel med. 2008;4(1):4-10.
  • 23. Roldan V. Soluble E-selectin in cardiovascular disease and its risk factors. A review of the literature. Thromb Haemost. 2003;90(6):1007-20.
  • 24. Mandal M, Mandal A, Das D, Chakraborti T, Sajal C. Clinical implications of matrix metalloproteinases. Mol Cell Biochem. 2003;252(1-2):305-29.
  • 25. Visse R, Nagase H. Matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases. Structure, function and biochemistry. Circ.Res. 2003;92(8):827-39.
  • 26. Muphy G, Willenbrock F, Crabbe T. Regulation of matrix metalloproteinases activity. Ann Ny Acad Sci. 1994;732(1):31-41.
  • 27. Cojocarui IM, Cojocaru M, Sapira V. Changes in plasma matrix metalloproteinase-9 levels in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Rom J Intern Med. 2012;50(2):155-8.
  • 28. Eckart RE, Uyehara CFT, Shry EA. Matrix metalloproteinases in patients with myocardial infarction and percutaneous revascularization. J Interven Cardiol. 2004;17(1):27-31.
  • 29. Susskind H, Hymowitz MH, Lau YH, Atkins HL, Hurewitz AN, Valentine ES et al. Increased plasma levels of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 in lung and breast cancer are altered during chest radiotherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2003;56(4):1161-9.
  • 30. Sagar R, Kumar A, Verma V, Yadav AK, Raj R, Rawat D et al. Incremental accuracy of blood biomarkers for predicting clinical outcomes after ıntracerebral hemorrhage. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2021;30(3):105537.
  • 31. Ferrero-Miliani L, Nielsen OH, Andersen PS, Girardin SE. Chronic inflammation: importance of NOD2 and NALP3 in interleukin-1beta generation. Clin Exp Immunol. 2007;147(2):227-35.
  • 32. Kumar V, Abbas AK. Aster JC. Inflammation and Repair Robbins Basic Pathology. 9th ed. Philadelphia. Elsevier, 2013.
  • 33. Mackay CR, Imhof BA. Cell adhesion in the immune system. Immunol Today. 1993;14(3):99-102.
  • 34. Paulson JC. Selectin/carbohydrate-mediated adhesion of leukocytes. In: Harlan JM, Lui DY, eds. Adhesion: Its Role in Inflamatory Disease. New York. W.H. Freeman, 1992:104-35.
  • 35. Albelda SM, Smith CW, Ward PA. Adhesion molecules and inflammatory injury. FASEB J. 1994;8(8):504-12.
  • 36. Blankenberg S, Rupprecht HJ, Bickel C, Peetz D, Hafner G, Tiret L et al. Circulating cell adhesion molecules and death in patients with coronary artery disease. Circulation. 2001;104(12):1336-42.
  • 37. Kamijikkoku S, Murohara T, Tayama S, Matsuyama K, Honda T, Ando M et al. Acute myocardial infarction and increased soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1: a marker of vascular inflammation and a risk of early restenosis? Am Heart J. 1998;136(2):231-6.
  • 38. Nash MC, Wade O, Shah V, Dillon MJ. Normal levels of soluble E-selectin, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1) decrease with age. Clin Exp Immunol. 1996;103(1):167-70.
  • 39. Bevilacqua MP. Endothelial-lukocyte adhesion molecules. Ann Rev of Immunol. 1993;11(1):767-804.
There are 39 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Elif Demir 0000-0003-4545-5175

Ramazan Giden This is me 0000-0003-2127-1056

Publication Date April 30, 2021
Submission Date December 4, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 23 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Demir, E., & Giden, R. (2021). İZOLE PEDİATRİK KAFA TRAVMALARINDA MMP-9 VE E-SELEKTİN DÜZEYLERİNİN ARAŞTIRILMASI. Kırıkkale Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi, 23(1), 116-124. https://doi.org/10.24938/kutfd.836041
AMA Demir E, Giden R. İZOLE PEDİATRİK KAFA TRAVMALARINDA MMP-9 VE E-SELEKTİN DÜZEYLERİNİN ARAŞTIRILMASI. Kırıkkale Uni Med J. April 2021;23(1):116-124. doi:10.24938/kutfd.836041
Chicago Demir, Elif, and Ramazan Giden. “İZOLE PEDİATRİK KAFA TRAVMALARINDA MMP-9 VE E-SELEKTİN DÜZEYLERİNİN ARAŞTIRILMASI”. Kırıkkale Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi 23, no. 1 (April 2021): 116-24. https://doi.org/10.24938/kutfd.836041.
EndNote Demir E, Giden R (April 1, 2021) İZOLE PEDİATRİK KAFA TRAVMALARINDA MMP-9 VE E-SELEKTİN DÜZEYLERİNİN ARAŞTIRILMASI. Kırıkkale Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi 23 1 116–124.
IEEE E. Demir and R. Giden, “İZOLE PEDİATRİK KAFA TRAVMALARINDA MMP-9 VE E-SELEKTİN DÜZEYLERİNİN ARAŞTIRILMASI”, Kırıkkale Uni Med J, vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 116–124, 2021, doi: 10.24938/kutfd.836041.
ISNAD Demir, Elif - Giden, Ramazan. “İZOLE PEDİATRİK KAFA TRAVMALARINDA MMP-9 VE E-SELEKTİN DÜZEYLERİNİN ARAŞTIRILMASI”. Kırıkkale Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi 23/1 (April 2021), 116-124. https://doi.org/10.24938/kutfd.836041.
JAMA Demir E, Giden R. İZOLE PEDİATRİK KAFA TRAVMALARINDA MMP-9 VE E-SELEKTİN DÜZEYLERİNİN ARAŞTIRILMASI. Kırıkkale Uni Med J. 2021;23:116–124.
MLA Demir, Elif and Ramazan Giden. “İZOLE PEDİATRİK KAFA TRAVMALARINDA MMP-9 VE E-SELEKTİN DÜZEYLERİNİN ARAŞTIRILMASI”. Kırıkkale Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 23, no. 1, 2021, pp. 116-24, doi:10.24938/kutfd.836041.
Vancouver Demir E, Giden R. İZOLE PEDİATRİK KAFA TRAVMALARINDA MMP-9 VE E-SELEKTİN DÜZEYLERİNİN ARAŞTIRILMASI. Kırıkkale Uni Med J. 2021;23(1):116-24.
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