Review Article
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Pulmonary Hydatid Cyst: Pathophysiology, Etiopathogenesis, Diagnosis and Treatment

Year 2023, Volume: 15 Issue: 3, 105 - 109, 31.12.2023

Abstract

Echinococcosis is a parasitic disease caused by cestodes of the genus Echinococcus, which often affects the liver and lungs. Pulmonary hydatid cysts are often transmitted in childhood and remain asymptomatic for a long time. As a result, the diagnosis is often incidental in noncomplicated cases. In some cases hydatid cysts may rupture and in this occurrence it is then called a complicated cyst. When a complicated pulmonary hydatid cyst occurs, various symptoms such as chest pain, shortness of breath, cough, and hemoptysis may be observed. For diagnosis radiologic methods and serologic tests may be used. The most commonly used radiological method for pulmonary hydatid cysts is chest radiography. Echinococcosis can be treated pharmacologically by drugs; however, the gold standard is surgical treatment. Pharmacological treatment includes benzimidazole group drugs such as albendazole and in surgical treatment, various techniques such as enucleation, pericystectomy, capitonated cystotomy are applied.

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References

  • Xiao N, Qiu J, Nakao M, Li T, Yang W, Chen X, et al. Echinococcus shiquicus n. sp., a taeniid cestode from Tibetan fox and plateau pika in China. Int J Parasitol. 2005;35(6):693–701.
  • Hüttner M, Nakao M, Wassermann T, Siefert L, Boomker JDF, Dinkel A, et al. Genetic characterization and phylogenetic position of Echinococcus felidis (Cestoda: Taeniidae) from the African lion. Int J Parasitol. 2008;38(7):861–8.
  • Chabalgoity JA, Garcia HH, Gavidia CM, et al. Prevention and control of cystic echinococcosis. Lancet Infect Dis. 2007;7(6):385–94.
  • Burgos R, Varela A, Castedo E, Roda J, Montero CG, Serrano S, et al. Pulmonary hydatidosis: surgical treatment and follow-up of 240 cases. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 1999 Dec;16(6):628–34; discussion 634-635.
  • Arinc S, Kosif A, Ertugrul M, Arpag H, Alpay L, Unal O, et al. Evaluation of pulmonary hydatid cyst cases. Int J Surg. 2009;7(3):192–5.
  • Prevention CC for DC and. CDC - Echinococcosis - Biology [Internet]. 2019 [cited 2021 Nov 11]. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/parasites/echinococcosis/biology.html
  • Lewall DB. Hydatid disease: biology, pathology, imaging and classification. Clin Radiol. 1998;53(12):863–74.
  • Bagheri R, Haghi SZ, Amini M, Fattahi AS, Noorshafiee S. Pulmonary hydatid cyst: analysis of 1024 cases. Gen Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2011;59(2):105–9.
  • Balci AE, Eren N, Eren S, Ulkü R. Ruptured hydatid cysts of the lung in children: clinical review and results of surgery. Ann Thorac Surg. 2002;74(3):889–92.
  • Ramos G, Orduña A, García-Yuste M. Hydatid cyst of the lung: diagnosis and treatment. World J Surg. 2001;25(1):46–57.
  • Kocer B, Gulbahar G, Han S, Durukan E, Dural K, Sakinci U. An analysis of clinical features of pulmonary giant hydatid cyst in adult population. The American Journal of Surgery. 2009;197(2):177–81.
  • Khuroo MS. Hydatid disease: current status and recent advances. Ann Saudi Med. 2002;22(1–2):56–64.
  • Rawat S, Kumar R, Raja J, Singh RS, Thingnam SKS. Pulmonary hydatid cyst: Review of literature. J Family Med Prim Care. 2019;8(9):2774–8.
  • Ozvaran MK, Ersoy Y, Uskul B, Unver E, Yalcin E, Baran R, et al. Pleural complications of pulmonary hydatid disease. Respirology. 2004;9(1):115–9.
  • Garg MK, Sharma M, Gulati A, Gorsi U, Aggarwal AN, Agarwal R, et al. Imaging in pulmonary hydatid cysts. World J Radiol. 2016;28;8(6):581–7.
  • Turgut AT, Altin L, Topçu S, Kiliçoğlu B, Aliinok T, Kaptanoğlu E, et al. Unusual imaging characteristics of complicated hydatid disease. Eur J Radiol. 2007;63(1):84–93.
  • Martínez S, Restrepo CS, Carrillo JA, Betancourt SL, Franquet T, Varón C, et al. Thoracic manifestations of tropical parasitic infections: a pictorial review. Radiographics. 2005;25(1):135–55.
  • Zhang W, Li J, McManus DP. Concepts in Immunology and Diagnosis of Hydatid Disease. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2003;16(1):18–36.
  • Morar R, Feldman C. Pulmonary echinococcosis. Eur Respir J. 2003;21(6):1069–77.
  • Koul PA, Singh AA, Ahanger AG, Wahid A, Sofi BA. Optimal duration of preoperative anti-helminthic therapy for pulmonary hydatid surgery. ANZ J Surg. 2010;80(5):354–7.
  • Keramidas D, Mavridis G, Soutis M, Passalidis A. Medical treatment of pulmonary hydatidosis: complications and surgical management. Pediatr Surg Int. 2004;19(12):774–6.
  • McManus DP, Zhang W, Li J, Bartley PB. Echinococcosis. Lancet. 2003;18;362(9392):1295–304.
  • Usluer O, Ceylan KC, Kaya S, Sevinc S, Gursoy S. Surgical management of pulmonary hydatid cysts: is size an important prognostic indicator? Tex Heart Inst J. 2010;37(4):429–34.
  • Alpay L, Lacin T, Atinkaya C, Kıral H, Demir M, Baysungur V, et al. Video-assisted thoracoscopic removal of pulmonary hydatid cysts†. European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery. 2012;42(6):971–5.
  • Aribas O. Comparison between pulmonary and hepatopulmonary hydatidosis. European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery. 2002;21(3):489–96.
  • Aydin Y, Ogul H, Topdagi O, Ulas AB, Sade R, Ozturk G, et al. Relevance of Pulmonary Alveolar Echinococcosis. Arch Bronconeumol (Engl Ed). 2020;56(12):779–83.
  • Weber TF, Junghanss T, Stojković M. Pulmonary cystic echinococcosis. Curr Opin Infect Dis. 2023;36(5):318–25.
  • Nabi MS, Waseem T. Pulmonary hydatid disease: what is the optimal surgical strategy? Int J Surg. 2010;8(8):612–6.
  • Vasquez JC, Montesinos E, Peralta J, Rojas L, DeLaRosa J, Leon JJ. Need for lung resection in patients with intact or ruptured hydatid cysts. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2009;57(5):295–302.
  • Sarkar M, Pathania R, Jhobta A, Thakur BR, Chopra R. Cystic pulmonary hydatidosis. Lung India. 2016;33(2):179–91.

Pulmoner Hidatik Kist: Patofizyoloji, Etiyopatogenez, Tanı ve Tedavi

Year 2023, Volume: 15 Issue: 3, 105 - 109, 31.12.2023

Abstract

Echinococcosis, genellikle karaciğer ve akciğerleri etkileyen Echinococcus cinsinin cestodlarının neden olduğu parazitik bir hastalıktır. Pulmoner hidatik kistler sıklıkla çocukluk çağında bulaşır ve uzun süre asemptomatik kalır. Sonuç olarak, komplike olmayan vakalarda tanı genellikle tesadüfen konur. Bazı durumlarda kist hidatik patlayabilir ve bu durumda komplike kist olarak adlandırılır. Komplike bir pulmoner kist hidatik oluştuğunda göğüs ağrısı, nefes darlığı, öksürük ve hemoptizi gibi çeşitli semptomlar görülebilir. Tanı için radyolojik yöntemler ve serolojik testler kullanılabilir. Akciğer kist hidatiği için en sık kullanılan radyolojik yöntem akciğer grafisidir. Ekinokokkoz ilaçlarla farmakolojik olarak tedavi edilebilir; ancak altın standart cerrahi tedavidir. Farmakolojik tedavi albendazol gibi benzimidazol grubu ilaçları içerir ve cerrahi tedavide enükleasyon, perisistektomi, kapitonlu sistotomi gibi çeşitli teknikler uygulanır.

Project Number

None

References

  • Xiao N, Qiu J, Nakao M, Li T, Yang W, Chen X, et al. Echinococcus shiquicus n. sp., a taeniid cestode from Tibetan fox and plateau pika in China. Int J Parasitol. 2005;35(6):693–701.
  • Hüttner M, Nakao M, Wassermann T, Siefert L, Boomker JDF, Dinkel A, et al. Genetic characterization and phylogenetic position of Echinococcus felidis (Cestoda: Taeniidae) from the African lion. Int J Parasitol. 2008;38(7):861–8.
  • Chabalgoity JA, Garcia HH, Gavidia CM, et al. Prevention and control of cystic echinococcosis. Lancet Infect Dis. 2007;7(6):385–94.
  • Burgos R, Varela A, Castedo E, Roda J, Montero CG, Serrano S, et al. Pulmonary hydatidosis: surgical treatment and follow-up of 240 cases. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 1999 Dec;16(6):628–34; discussion 634-635.
  • Arinc S, Kosif A, Ertugrul M, Arpag H, Alpay L, Unal O, et al. Evaluation of pulmonary hydatid cyst cases. Int J Surg. 2009;7(3):192–5.
  • Prevention CC for DC and. CDC - Echinococcosis - Biology [Internet]. 2019 [cited 2021 Nov 11]. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/parasites/echinococcosis/biology.html
  • Lewall DB. Hydatid disease: biology, pathology, imaging and classification. Clin Radiol. 1998;53(12):863–74.
  • Bagheri R, Haghi SZ, Amini M, Fattahi AS, Noorshafiee S. Pulmonary hydatid cyst: analysis of 1024 cases. Gen Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2011;59(2):105–9.
  • Balci AE, Eren N, Eren S, Ulkü R. Ruptured hydatid cysts of the lung in children: clinical review and results of surgery. Ann Thorac Surg. 2002;74(3):889–92.
  • Ramos G, Orduña A, García-Yuste M. Hydatid cyst of the lung: diagnosis and treatment. World J Surg. 2001;25(1):46–57.
  • Kocer B, Gulbahar G, Han S, Durukan E, Dural K, Sakinci U. An analysis of clinical features of pulmonary giant hydatid cyst in adult population. The American Journal of Surgery. 2009;197(2):177–81.
  • Khuroo MS. Hydatid disease: current status and recent advances. Ann Saudi Med. 2002;22(1–2):56–64.
  • Rawat S, Kumar R, Raja J, Singh RS, Thingnam SKS. Pulmonary hydatid cyst: Review of literature. J Family Med Prim Care. 2019;8(9):2774–8.
  • Ozvaran MK, Ersoy Y, Uskul B, Unver E, Yalcin E, Baran R, et al. Pleural complications of pulmonary hydatid disease. Respirology. 2004;9(1):115–9.
  • Garg MK, Sharma M, Gulati A, Gorsi U, Aggarwal AN, Agarwal R, et al. Imaging in pulmonary hydatid cysts. World J Radiol. 2016;28;8(6):581–7.
  • Turgut AT, Altin L, Topçu S, Kiliçoğlu B, Aliinok T, Kaptanoğlu E, et al. Unusual imaging characteristics of complicated hydatid disease. Eur J Radiol. 2007;63(1):84–93.
  • Martínez S, Restrepo CS, Carrillo JA, Betancourt SL, Franquet T, Varón C, et al. Thoracic manifestations of tropical parasitic infections: a pictorial review. Radiographics. 2005;25(1):135–55.
  • Zhang W, Li J, McManus DP. Concepts in Immunology and Diagnosis of Hydatid Disease. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2003;16(1):18–36.
  • Morar R, Feldman C. Pulmonary echinococcosis. Eur Respir J. 2003;21(6):1069–77.
  • Koul PA, Singh AA, Ahanger AG, Wahid A, Sofi BA. Optimal duration of preoperative anti-helminthic therapy for pulmonary hydatid surgery. ANZ J Surg. 2010;80(5):354–7.
  • Keramidas D, Mavridis G, Soutis M, Passalidis A. Medical treatment of pulmonary hydatidosis: complications and surgical management. Pediatr Surg Int. 2004;19(12):774–6.
  • McManus DP, Zhang W, Li J, Bartley PB. Echinococcosis. Lancet. 2003;18;362(9392):1295–304.
  • Usluer O, Ceylan KC, Kaya S, Sevinc S, Gursoy S. Surgical management of pulmonary hydatid cysts: is size an important prognostic indicator? Tex Heart Inst J. 2010;37(4):429–34.
  • Alpay L, Lacin T, Atinkaya C, Kıral H, Demir M, Baysungur V, et al. Video-assisted thoracoscopic removal of pulmonary hydatid cysts†. European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery. 2012;42(6):971–5.
  • Aribas O. Comparison between pulmonary and hepatopulmonary hydatidosis. European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery. 2002;21(3):489–96.
  • Aydin Y, Ogul H, Topdagi O, Ulas AB, Sade R, Ozturk G, et al. Relevance of Pulmonary Alveolar Echinococcosis. Arch Bronconeumol (Engl Ed). 2020;56(12):779–83.
  • Weber TF, Junghanss T, Stojković M. Pulmonary cystic echinococcosis. Curr Opin Infect Dis. 2023;36(5):318–25.
  • Nabi MS, Waseem T. Pulmonary hydatid disease: what is the optimal surgical strategy? Int J Surg. 2010;8(8):612–6.
  • Vasquez JC, Montesinos E, Peralta J, Rojas L, DeLaRosa J, Leon JJ. Need for lung resection in patients with intact or ruptured hydatid cysts. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2009;57(5):295–302.
  • Sarkar M, Pathania R, Jhobta A, Thakur BR, Chopra R. Cystic pulmonary hydatidosis. Lung India. 2016;33(2):179–91.
There are 30 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Infectious Diseases, Chest Diseases
Journal Section Review Article
Authors

Ibrahim Kılıccalan 0000-0001-7086-4988

Orhun Tunahan Cıngoz 0000-0002-8785-6420

Project Number None
Publication Date December 31, 2023
Submission Date August 17, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 15 Issue: 3

Cite

Vancouver Kılıccalan I, Cıngoz OT. Pulmonary Hydatid Cyst: Pathophysiology, Etiopathogenesis, Diagnosis and Treatment. Maltepe tıp derg. 2023;15(3):105-9.