The Relationship Between E-Health Literacy with Post-Traumatic Stress Symptoms of Nurses During The Pandemic

Nurgül Bölükbaş; Zeliha Yöndem

doi:10.19127/mbsjohs.1089024

Research Article

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Year 2022, Volume: 8 Issue: 3, 357 - 369, 31.08.2022

Nurgül Bölükbaş Zeliha Yöndem

https://doi.org/10.19127/mbsjohs.1089024

Abstract

References

1. Vanaken L, Scheveneels S, Belmans E, Hermans D. Validation of the Impact of Event Scale with Modifications for COVID-19 (IES-COVID19). Front Psychiatry. 2020;11:738.
2. Sakaoglu HH, Orbatu D, Emiroglu M, Cakır Ö. Spielberger State and Trait Anxiety Level in Healthcare Professionals During the Covid-19 Outbreak: A Case of Tepecik Hospital. J Tepecik Educ Res Hosp. 2020;30:1–9.
3. Labrague LJ, Santos JAAD. COVID-19 Anxiety Among Front-Line Nurses: Predictive Role of Organisational Support, Personal Resilience and Social Support. J Nurs Manag. 2020;28:1653–1661.
4. Nie A, Su X, Zhang S, Guan W, Li J. Psychological Impact of COVID-19 Outbreak On Frontline Nurses: a Cross-Sectional Survey Study. J Clin Nurs. 2020;29(21–22):4217–26.
5. Fofana NK, Latif F, Sarfraz S, Bilal, Bashir MF, Komal B. Fear and Agony Of The Pandemic Leading to Stress and Mental Illness: an Emerging Crisis in the Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Outbreak. Psychiatry Res. 2020;291:113230.
6. Kackin O, Ciydem E, Aci OS, Kutlu FY. Experiences and Psychosocial Problems of Nurses Caring for Patients Diagnosed with COVID-19 in Turkey: A qualitative study. Int J Soc Psychiatry. 2020;67(2):158-167.
7. Maben J, Bridges J. Covid-19: Supporting Nurses’ Psychological and Mental Health. J Clin Nurs. 2020;29(15–16):2742–50.
8. Hamouche S. COVID-19 and Employees’ Mental Health: Stressors, Moderators and Agenda for Organizational Actions. Emerald Open Res. 2020;2:15.
9. Isıklı S. Psychological consequences of the COVID-19 outbreak and effective coping methods. 2020 [cited 2020 Nov 22]. Available from: https://corona.hacettepe.edu.tr/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Covid-19_psikolojik_sonuclari_basa_cikma_yontemleri.pdf
10. Bilal, Latif F, Bashir MF, Komal B, Tan D. Role of Electronic Media in Mitigating the Psychological Impacts of Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19). Psychiatry Res. 2020;289:113041.
11. Brørs G, Norman CD, Norekvål TM. Accelerated Importance of eHealth Literacy in the COVID-19 Outbreak and Beyond. European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing. 2020;19(6), 458-461.
12. Garfin DR, Silver RC, Holman EA. The Novel Coronavirus (COVID-2019) Outbreak: Amplification of Public Health Consequences by Media Exposure. Heal Psychol. 2020;39(5):355.
13. Tamer Gencer Z. Analysis of Validity and Reliability of Norman and Skinner’s E-health Scale Literacy for Cultural Adaptation. Istanbul Univ Fac Commun J. 2017;131–46.
14. Rhee TG, Lee HY, Kim NK, Han G, Lee J, Kim K. Is Health Literacy Associated with Depressive Symptoms Among Korean Adults? Implications for Mental Health Nursing. Perspect Psychiatr Care. 2017 Oct 1;53(4):234–42.
15. Lin L, Wang J, Ou-yang X, Miao Q, Chen R, Liang F, et al. The Immediate Impact of the 2019 Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Outbreak on Subjective Sleep Status. Sleep Med. 2021;77:348-354.
16. Norman CD, Skinner HA. eHealth literacy: Essential Skills for Consumer Health in a Networked World. J Med Internet Res; 2006;8.
17. Dastani M. E-Health Literacy: A Skill Needed in the Coronavirus Outbreak Crisis. Heal Tech Asmnt Act. 2020;4(1).
18. Shiferaw KB, Mehari EA. Internet Use and eHealth Literacy Among Health-Care Professionals in a Resource Limited Setting: a Cross-Sectional Survey. Adv Med Educ Pract. 2019;10:563–70.
19. Aktürk Ü. Determination of Health Literacy Levels and Factors Affecting the E Literacy Levels of Women 18-49 in a Family Health Area. J Hum Rhythm. 2018;4(1):52–8.
20. Bahadır Yılmaz E, Yüksel A. State Anxiety Levels of Nurses Providing Care to Patients with COVID‐19 in Turkey. Perspect Psychiatr Care. 2020;1–7.
21. Ho CS, Chee CY, Ho RC. Mental Health Strategies To Combat The Psychological Impact of COVID-19 Beyond Paranoia and Panic. Ann Acad Med Singapore. 2020;49(1):1–3.
22. Corapcıoglu A, Yargıc İ, Geyran P, Kocabasoglu N. Turkish Version of “Impact of Events” (IES-R). Validity and Reliability. New Symp J. 2006;44(1):14–22.
23. Chew NWS, Lee GKH, Tan BYQ, Jing M, Goh Y, Ngiam NJH, et al. A Multinational, Multicentre Study on the Psychological Outcomes and Associated Physical Symptoms Amongst Healthcare Workers During COVID-19 Outbreak. Brain Behav Immun. 2020;88:559–65.
24. Wang C, Tee M, Roy AE, Fardin MA, Srichokchatchawan W, Habib HA, et al. The Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Physical and Mental Health of Asians: a Study of Seven Middle-Income Countries in Asia. Mallhi TH, editor. PLoS One. 2021;16(2):e0246824.
25. Wang C, Chudzicka-Czupała A, Grabowski D, Pan R, Adamus K, Wan X, et al. The Association Between Physical and Mental Health and Face Mask Use During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Comparison of Two Countries with Different Views and Practices. Front Psychiatry. 2020;11:569981.
26. Ergün S, Kızıl Sürücüler H, Işık R. E-Health Literacy and Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors in Adolescents: The Case of Balıkesir. J Acad Res Nurs. 2019;5(3):194–203.
27. Büyüköztürk S. Sosyal bilimler için veri analizi el kitabı. Ankara: Pegem Academy; 2008.
28. Knitza J, Simon D, Lambrecht A, Raab C, Tascilar K, Hagen M, et al. Mobile Health Usage, Preferences, Barriers, and Ehealth Literacy in Rheumatology: Patient Survey Study. JMIR mHealth uHealth. 2020;8(8):e19661.
29. Ertas H, Kırac R, Demir R. Investigation of the Relationship Between Digital Literacy and E-Health Literacy. 3 rd International 13th National Congress on Health and Hospital Administration. October 10-13; Sakarya Turkey: 2019. p. 557–70.
30. Pelikan JM, Röthlin F, Ganahl K. Comparative report on health literacy in eight eu member states. 2012 [cited 2020 Dec 11]. Available from: http://cpme.dyndns.org:591/adopted/2015/Comparative_report_on_health_literacy_in_eight_EU_member_states.pdf
31. Kebapcı A, Akyolcu N. The Effects of the Work Environment on Nurse Burnout in Emergency Department. Turkish J Emerg Med. 2011;11(2):59–67.
32. Senol Celik S, Atli Özbas A, Celik B, Karahan A, Bulut H, Koc G, et al. The COVID-19 Pandemic: Turkish Nurses Association. Koc Univ J Educ Res Nurs. 2020;17(3):279–83.
33. Que J, Shi L, Deng J, Liu J, Zhang L, Wu S, et al. Psychological Impact of The COVID-19 Pandemic on Healthcare Workers: A Cross-Sectional Study in China. Gen Psychiatry. 2020;33(3):100259.
34. Bostan S, Akbolat M, Kaya A, Ozata M, Gunes D. Assessments of Anxiety Levels and Working Conditions of Health Employees Working in COVID-19 Pandemic Hospitals. Electron J Gen Med. 2020;17(5):246.
35. Sengül H, Cınar F, Capar H, Bulut A, Cakmak C. E-Health Literacy Levels of Health Sciences Faculty Students and Attitudes for Using Internet: A Foundation Unıversity Sample. J Soc Humanit ErtaSci Res. 2017;4(5):1277–87.
36. Ergün E, Ergün S, Celebi I. The Factors Affecting Emergency Health Personnel’s Level of Knowledge and Protection About COVID-19. Journal of Paramedic and Emergency Health Services. 2020;1(1):16–27.
37. Lee SM, Kang WS, Cho AR, Kim T, Park JK. Psychological Impact of the 2015 MERS Outbreak on Hospital Workers And Quarantined Hemodialysis Patients. Compr Psychiatry. 2018;87:123–7.
38. Alkhamees AA, Alrashed SA, Alzunaydi AA, Almohimeed AS, Aljohani MS. The Psychological Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on The General Population of Saudi Arabia. Compr Psychiatry. 2020;102:152192.
39. Si MY, Su XY, Jiang Y, Wang WJ, Gu XF, Ma L, et al. Psychological Impact of COVID-19 on Medical Care Workers in China. Infect Dis Poverty. 2020;9(1).
40. Yang BX, Xia L, Huang R, Chen P, Luo D, Liu Q, et al. Relationship Between eHealth Literacy and Psychological Status During COVID‐19 Pandemic A Survey of Chinese Residents. J Nurs Manag. 2020;13221.

The Relationship Between E-Health Literacy with Post-Traumatic Stress Symptoms of Nurses During The Pandemic

Year 2022, Volume: 8 Issue: 3, 357 - 369, 31.08.2022

Nurgül Bölükbaş Zeliha Yöndem

https://doi.org/10.19127/mbsjohs.1089024

Abstract

Objective: During the pandemic, health employees carry an emotional burden and specific psychological problems about caring for infected patients. This research was conducted to determine nurses' e-Health literacy levels and post-traumatic stress symptoms status in the COVID-19 pandemic and to examine the relationship between them.
Methods: The study was planned in descriptive, and correlational types, consisting of 172 nurses working in two state hospitals in Turkey during the COVID-19 pandemic. In the study, the whole universe was tried to be reached. The sample selection method was not applied. The Nurse Identification Form, e-Health Literacy Scale (eHEALS), and the Impact of Events Scale-Revised (IES-R) were applied online using GOOGLE forms in the study. Due to a lack of answers, the study started online on June 8, 2020, and ended on September 16, 2020. The Mann-Whitney U test was applied in two-group comparisons, and the Kruskal-Wallis test was used to test differences among three groups. The Mann-Whitney U test was performed to test the significance of pairwise differences using Bonferroni correction to adjust for multiple comparisons. A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: The median score of e-health literacy level was 32 for those with undergraduate and graduate education. The median eHEALS score of nurses who think that the internet is very useful in accessing health resources is 32,5. The scale score of the impact of events was found to be high in nurses working in the emergency services, experiencing changes in their social, occupational, or other areas during the epidemic, having different stress factors in the work environment excluding COVID-19. The nurses' e-Health literacy median score is 32, the impact of events scale median score is 30. There is no statistically significant relationship between nurses' e-Health literacy levels and post-traumatic stress symptoms.
Conclusion: Although there is arelationship between e-Health literacy levels and nurses' post-traumatic stress symptoms status, the e-Health literacy status was higher than average, and the severity of post-traumatic stress symptoms was mild.

Keywords

Coronavirus, Nurses, Health Literacy, Post-traumatic stress

References

1. Vanaken L, Scheveneels S, Belmans E, Hermans D. Validation of the Impact of Event Scale with Modifications for COVID-19 (IES-COVID19). Front Psychiatry. 2020;11:738.
2. Sakaoglu HH, Orbatu D, Emiroglu M, Cakır Ö. Spielberger State and Trait Anxiety Level in Healthcare Professionals During the Covid-19 Outbreak: A Case of Tepecik Hospital. J Tepecik Educ Res Hosp. 2020;30:1–9.
3. Labrague LJ, Santos JAAD. COVID-19 Anxiety Among Front-Line Nurses: Predictive Role of Organisational Support, Personal Resilience and Social Support. J Nurs Manag. 2020;28:1653–1661.
4. Nie A, Su X, Zhang S, Guan W, Li J. Psychological Impact of COVID-19 Outbreak On Frontline Nurses: a Cross-Sectional Survey Study. J Clin Nurs. 2020;29(21–22):4217–26.
5. Fofana NK, Latif F, Sarfraz S, Bilal, Bashir MF, Komal B. Fear and Agony Of The Pandemic Leading to Stress and Mental Illness: an Emerging Crisis in the Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Outbreak. Psychiatry Res. 2020;291:113230.
6. Kackin O, Ciydem E, Aci OS, Kutlu FY. Experiences and Psychosocial Problems of Nurses Caring for Patients Diagnosed with COVID-19 in Turkey: A qualitative study. Int J Soc Psychiatry. 2020;67(2):158-167.
7. Maben J, Bridges J. Covid-19: Supporting Nurses’ Psychological and Mental Health. J Clin Nurs. 2020;29(15–16):2742–50.
8. Hamouche S. COVID-19 and Employees’ Mental Health: Stressors, Moderators and Agenda for Organizational Actions. Emerald Open Res. 2020;2:15.
9. Isıklı S. Psychological consequences of the COVID-19 outbreak and effective coping methods. 2020 [cited 2020 Nov 22]. Available from: https://corona.hacettepe.edu.tr/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Covid-19_psikolojik_sonuclari_basa_cikma_yontemleri.pdf
10. Bilal, Latif F, Bashir MF, Komal B, Tan D. Role of Electronic Media in Mitigating the Psychological Impacts of Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19). Psychiatry Res. 2020;289:113041.
11. Brørs G, Norman CD, Norekvål TM. Accelerated Importance of eHealth Literacy in the COVID-19 Outbreak and Beyond. European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing. 2020;19(6), 458-461.
12. Garfin DR, Silver RC, Holman EA. The Novel Coronavirus (COVID-2019) Outbreak: Amplification of Public Health Consequences by Media Exposure. Heal Psychol. 2020;39(5):355.
13. Tamer Gencer Z. Analysis of Validity and Reliability of Norman and Skinner’s E-health Scale Literacy for Cultural Adaptation. Istanbul Univ Fac Commun J. 2017;131–46.
14. Rhee TG, Lee HY, Kim NK, Han G, Lee J, Kim K. Is Health Literacy Associated with Depressive Symptoms Among Korean Adults? Implications for Mental Health Nursing. Perspect Psychiatr Care. 2017 Oct 1;53(4):234–42.
15. Lin L, Wang J, Ou-yang X, Miao Q, Chen R, Liang F, et al. The Immediate Impact of the 2019 Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Outbreak on Subjective Sleep Status. Sleep Med. 2021;77:348-354.
16. Norman CD, Skinner HA. eHealth literacy: Essential Skills for Consumer Health in a Networked World. J Med Internet Res; 2006;8.
17. Dastani M. E-Health Literacy: A Skill Needed in the Coronavirus Outbreak Crisis. Heal Tech Asmnt Act. 2020;4(1).
18. Shiferaw KB, Mehari EA. Internet Use and eHealth Literacy Among Health-Care Professionals in a Resource Limited Setting: a Cross-Sectional Survey. Adv Med Educ Pract. 2019;10:563–70.
19. Aktürk Ü. Determination of Health Literacy Levels and Factors Affecting the E Literacy Levels of Women 18-49 in a Family Health Area. J Hum Rhythm. 2018;4(1):52–8.
20. Bahadır Yılmaz E, Yüksel A. State Anxiety Levels of Nurses Providing Care to Patients with COVID‐19 in Turkey. Perspect Psychiatr Care. 2020;1–7.
21. Ho CS, Chee CY, Ho RC. Mental Health Strategies To Combat The Psychological Impact of COVID-19 Beyond Paranoia and Panic. Ann Acad Med Singapore. 2020;49(1):1–3.
22. Corapcıoglu A, Yargıc İ, Geyran P, Kocabasoglu N. Turkish Version of “Impact of Events” (IES-R). Validity and Reliability. New Symp J. 2006;44(1):14–22.
23. Chew NWS, Lee GKH, Tan BYQ, Jing M, Goh Y, Ngiam NJH, et al. A Multinational, Multicentre Study on the Psychological Outcomes and Associated Physical Symptoms Amongst Healthcare Workers During COVID-19 Outbreak. Brain Behav Immun. 2020;88:559–65.
24. Wang C, Tee M, Roy AE, Fardin MA, Srichokchatchawan W, Habib HA, et al. The Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Physical and Mental Health of Asians: a Study of Seven Middle-Income Countries in Asia. Mallhi TH, editor. PLoS One. 2021;16(2):e0246824.
25. Wang C, Chudzicka-Czupała A, Grabowski D, Pan R, Adamus K, Wan X, et al. The Association Between Physical and Mental Health and Face Mask Use During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Comparison of Two Countries with Different Views and Practices. Front Psychiatry. 2020;11:569981.
26. Ergün S, Kızıl Sürücüler H, Işık R. E-Health Literacy and Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors in Adolescents: The Case of Balıkesir. J Acad Res Nurs. 2019;5(3):194–203.
27. Büyüköztürk S. Sosyal bilimler için veri analizi el kitabı. Ankara: Pegem Academy; 2008.
28. Knitza J, Simon D, Lambrecht A, Raab C, Tascilar K, Hagen M, et al. Mobile Health Usage, Preferences, Barriers, and Ehealth Literacy in Rheumatology: Patient Survey Study. JMIR mHealth uHealth. 2020;8(8):e19661.
29. Ertas H, Kırac R, Demir R. Investigation of the Relationship Between Digital Literacy and E-Health Literacy. 3 rd International 13th National Congress on Health and Hospital Administration. October 10-13; Sakarya Turkey: 2019. p. 557–70.
30. Pelikan JM, Röthlin F, Ganahl K. Comparative report on health literacy in eight eu member states. 2012 [cited 2020 Dec 11]. Available from: http://cpme.dyndns.org:591/adopted/2015/Comparative_report_on_health_literacy_in_eight_EU_member_states.pdf
31. Kebapcı A, Akyolcu N. The Effects of the Work Environment on Nurse Burnout in Emergency Department. Turkish J Emerg Med. 2011;11(2):59–67.
32. Senol Celik S, Atli Özbas A, Celik B, Karahan A, Bulut H, Koc G, et al. The COVID-19 Pandemic: Turkish Nurses Association. Koc Univ J Educ Res Nurs. 2020;17(3):279–83.
33. Que J, Shi L, Deng J, Liu J, Zhang L, Wu S, et al. Psychological Impact of The COVID-19 Pandemic on Healthcare Workers: A Cross-Sectional Study in China. Gen Psychiatry. 2020;33(3):100259.
34. Bostan S, Akbolat M, Kaya A, Ozata M, Gunes D. Assessments of Anxiety Levels and Working Conditions of Health Employees Working in COVID-19 Pandemic Hospitals. Electron J Gen Med. 2020;17(5):246.
35. Sengül H, Cınar F, Capar H, Bulut A, Cakmak C. E-Health Literacy Levels of Health Sciences Faculty Students and Attitudes for Using Internet: A Foundation Unıversity Sample. J Soc Humanit ErtaSci Res. 2017;4(5):1277–87.
36. Ergün E, Ergün S, Celebi I. The Factors Affecting Emergency Health Personnel’s Level of Knowledge and Protection About COVID-19. Journal of Paramedic and Emergency Health Services. 2020;1(1):16–27.
37. Lee SM, Kang WS, Cho AR, Kim T, Park JK. Psychological Impact of the 2015 MERS Outbreak on Hospital Workers And Quarantined Hemodialysis Patients. Compr Psychiatry. 2018;87:123–7.
38. Alkhamees AA, Alrashed SA, Alzunaydi AA, Almohimeed AS, Aljohani MS. The Psychological Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on The General Population of Saudi Arabia. Compr Psychiatry. 2020;102:152192.
39. Si MY, Su XY, Jiang Y, Wang WJ, Gu XF, Ma L, et al. Psychological Impact of COVID-19 on Medical Care Workers in China. Infect Dis Poverty. 2020;9(1).
40. Yang BX, Xia L, Huang R, Chen P, Luo D, Liu Q, et al. Relationship Between eHealth Literacy and Psychological Status During COVID‐19 Pandemic A Survey of Chinese Residents. J Nurs Manag. 2020;13221.

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Primary Language	English
Subjects	Health Care Administration
Journal Section	Research articles
Authors	Nurgül Bölükbaş 0000-0001-5684-8359 Zeliha Yöndem 0000-0001-5785-9463
Publication Date	August 31, 2022
Published in Issue	Year 2022 Volume: 8 Issue: 3

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Vancouver	Bölükbaş N, Yöndem Z. The Relationship Between E-Health Literacy with Post-Traumatic Stress Symptoms of Nurses During The Pandemic. Mid Blac Sea J Health Sci. 2022;8(3):357-69.

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