Research Article
Year 2022,
Volume: 9 Issue: 3, 285 - 290, 30.12.2022
Abstract
It is very well documented that the number of patients residing in nursing homes has increased in recent years due to disabilities related with mental diseases. There is mounting evidence of the enormous burden placed on caregivers who care for people suffering from mental illness. Throughout the Covid-19 pandemic, the working conditions of personnel caring for mentally ill patients in nursing homes have deteriorated. Shifts with 14-day intervals and quarantine have been implemented in order to minimize the risk of transmission. We designed this study to ascertain the impact of the pandemic and the associated regulations, as well as the issues encountered in the routine work system, on the mental health of personnel. We used sociodemographic data form to determine the personnel's sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale (CAS) to determine anxiety levels associated with Covid-19, the Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI) to determine caregiver burden, and the Montgomery–Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) to determine depressive symptoms. The participants' mean CAS score was found to be 2.72±2.91, their mean ZBI score was 41.6±10.6, and their mean MADRS score was 11.55±7.70. Nurses had significantly higher MADRS and ZBI scores than caregivers. There was a positive and significant correlation between ZBI scores, and CAS and MADRS scores (p<0.05). By using multiple regression analysis, it was determined that MADRS scores and the wage received was sufficient or insufficient to predict ZBI scores. The outcomes of our study indicated that the depressive symptom levels of nursing home personnel were higher than the anxiety levels related to the pandemic, and contributed to the increase in caregiver burden. Screening personnel for depression symptoms and providing required psychological support appears to be critical for enhancing service quality.
Keywords
References
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- 5. Hsiao CY, Lu HL, Tsai YF. Caregiver burden and health-related quality of life among primary family caregivers of individuals with schizophrenia: a cross-sectional study. Qual Life Res. 2020;29(10):2745-57.
- 6. Opoku-Boateng YN, Kretchy IA, Aryeetey GC, et al. Economic cost and quality of life of family caregivers of schizophrenic patients attending psychiatric hospitals in Ghana. BMC Health Serv Res. 2017;17:39-50.
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- 8. Gitlin LN, Belle SH, Burgio LD, et al. Effect of multicomponent interventions on caregiver burden and depression: the REACH multisite initiative at 6-month follow-up. Psychol Aging. 2003;18(3):361.
- 9. Guo YR, Cao QD, Hong ZS, et al. The origin, transmission and clinical therapies on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak- A n update on the status. Mil Med Res. 2020;7:1-10.
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- 11. Sancak B, Ozer U, Kilic C, et al. Covid-19-related anxiety levels in physicians: A preliminary study. Dusunen Adam. 2020;33(4):366-75.
- 12. Sultana A, Sharma R, Hossain MM, et al. Burnout among healthcare providers during COVID-19: Challenges and evidence-based interventions. Indian J Med Ethics. 2020;5(4):308-11.
- 13. Zhang WR, Wang K, Yin L, et al. Mental Health and Psychosocial Problems of Medical Health Workers during the COVID-19 Epidemic in China. Psychother Psychosom. 2020;89(4):242-50.
- 14. Wong WCW, Lee A, Tsang KK, et al. How did general practitioners protect themselves, their family, and staff during the SARS epidemic in Hong Kong? J Epidemiol Community Health. 2004;58(3):180-5.
- 15. Lee SA. Coronavirus Anxiety Scale: A brief mental health screener for COVID-19 related anxiety. Death Stud. 2020;44(7):393–401.
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- 18. Ozlu A, Yildiz M, Aker T. A Reliability and Validity Study on the Zarit Caregiver Burden Scale. Noro Psikiyatr Ars. 2009;46:38-42.
- 19. Montgomery SA, Asberg M. A new depression scale designed to be sensitive to change. Br J Psychiatry. 1979;134(4):382–9.
- 20. Özer SK, Demir B, Tuğal Ö, et al. Montgomery-Åsberg Depresyon Değerlendirme Ölçeği : Değerlendiriciler Arası Güvenilirlik ve Geçerlik Çalışması. Türk Psikiyatr Derg. 2001;12(3):185–94.
- 21. Tayaz E, Koç A. Engelli bireye bakım verenlerde algılanan bakım yükü ve yaşam kalitesi arasındaki ilişkinin değerlendirilmesi. Med J Bakirkoy. 2018;14(1):44-52.
- 22. Işıkhan V. Kurumda çalışan yaşlı bakım elemanlarının bakım yükünü etkileyen faktörlerin incelenmesi. Toplum ve Sos Hizmet. 2018;29(1):1-26.
- 23. Karaaǧaç H, Var EÇ. Investigation of the effect between care burden and quality of life in caregivers of schizophrenia patients. Klin Psikiyatr Derg. 2019;22(1):16-26.
- 24. Sampaio F, Sequeira C, Teixeira L. Impact of COVID-19 outbreak on nurses’ mental health: A prospective cohort study. Environ Res. 2021;194:110620.
- 25. Chew NWS, Lee GKH, Tan BYQ, et al. A multinational, multicentre study on the psychological outcomes and associated physical symptoms amongst healthcare workers during COVID-19 outbreak. Brain Behav Immun. 2020;88:559-65.
- 26. Lu W, Wang H, Lin Y, et al. Psychological status of medical workforce during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study. Psychiatry Res. 2020;288:112936.
- 27. Mazza MG, De Lorenzo R, Conte C, et al. Anxiety and depression in COVID-19 survivors: Role of inflammatory and clinical predictors. Brain Behav Immun. 2020;89:594-600.
Year 2022,
Volume: 9 Issue: 3, 285 - 290, 30.12.2022
Abstract
Ruhsal hastalıklara bağlı engellilik nedeniyle son yıllarda bakımevlerinde yaşayan hasta sayısında artış olduğu bilinmektedir. Ruhsal hastalıklara bakım veren kişilerde bakım veren yükünün yüksek olduğuna dair veriler artmaktadır. Covid-19 pandemi sürecinde bakımevlerinde ruhsal hastalara bakım veren personellerin çalışma şartlarında değişiklikler olmuştur. Bulaş riskini azaltmak amacıyla 14 gün aralık mesai ve karantina uygulaması başlatılmıştır. Rutin çalışma düzenindeki zorlukların yanında pandemi ve pandemiye bağlı düzenlemelerin personelin ruhsal sağlığı üzerindeki etkilerini belirlemek amacıyla bu çalışmayı planladık. Personelin sosyodemografik ve klinik özellikleri belirlemek amacıyla sosyodemografik veri formunu, Covid-19 ile ilişkili anksiyete düzeylerini belirlemek amacıyla Koronavirus Anksiyete Ölçeği’ni, (KAÖ) bakım veren yükünü belirlemek amacıyla Zarit Bakım veren Yükü Ölçeği’ni (ZBYÖ), depresif belirtileri tespit etmek amacıyla Montgomery-Asberg Depresyon Ölçeği’ni (MADRS) kullandık. Katılımcıların KAÖ ortalama puanı 2.72±2.91, ZBYÖ ortalama 41.6±10.6, MADRS ortalama puanı 11.55±7.70 olarak saptandı. Hemşirelerde hasta bakıcılara kıyasla daha yüksek MADRS ve ZBYÖ puanları tespit edildi. ZBYÖ puanları ile KAÖ ve MADRS puanları arasında pozitif yönde anlamlı ilişki saptandı (p<0.05). Yapılan çoklu regresyon analiziyle, MADRS puanları ve alınan ücretin yeterli bulunup bulunulmamasının ZBYÖ puanlarını yordadığı saptandı. Çalışmamızda elde ettiğimiz sonuçlar, bakımevi personelinin depresif belirti düzeylerinin pandemi ile ilişkili anksiyete düzeylerine göre daha yüksek olduğunu ve bakım veren yükünün artmasına katkıda bulunduğunu göstermiştir. Personelin depresif belirtiler açısından taranması ve gerekli ruhsal desteğin verilmesi, sunulan hizmet kalitesinin artması açısından önemli görünmektedir.
Keywords
References
- 1. Leedahl SN, Chapin RK, Wendel C, et al. Successful Strategies for Discharging Medicaid Nursing Home Residents With Mental Health Diagnoses to the Community. J Soc Serv Res. 2015;41(2):172-92.
- 2. Caldas JM, Killapsy H. Long-term mental health care for people with severe mental disorders. European Union Publication. 2011, 5.
- 3. Gupta S, Isherwood G, Jones K, et al. Assessing health status in informal schizophrenia caregivers compared with health status in non-caregivers and caregivers of other conditions. BMC Psychiatry. 2015;15(1):1-11.
- 4. Siddiqui S, Khalid J. Determining the caregivers’ burden in caregivers of patients with mental illness. Pakistan J Med Sci. 2019;35(5):1329.
- 5. Hsiao CY, Lu HL, Tsai YF. Caregiver burden and health-related quality of life among primary family caregivers of individuals with schizophrenia: a cross-sectional study. Qual Life Res. 2020;29(10):2745-57.
- 6. Opoku-Boateng YN, Kretchy IA, Aryeetey GC, et al. Economic cost and quality of life of family caregivers of schizophrenic patients attending psychiatric hospitals in Ghana. BMC Health Serv Res. 2017;17:39-50.
- 7. Yaşar EK, Temel BA. Yaşlıya evde bakım veren aile bireylerinin bakım yükü ve etkileyen faktörler. Ege Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Halk Sağlığı Hemşireliği Yüksek Lisans Tezi, İzmir, 2009.
- 8. Gitlin LN, Belle SH, Burgio LD, et al. Effect of multicomponent interventions on caregiver burden and depression: the REACH multisite initiative at 6-month follow-up. Psychol Aging. 2003;18(3):361.
- 9. Guo YR, Cao QD, Hong ZS, et al. The origin, transmission and clinical therapies on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak- A n update on the status. Mil Med Res. 2020;7:1-10.
- 10. Guan W, Ni Z, Hu Y, et al. Clinical Characteristics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in China. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(18):1708-20.
- 11. Sancak B, Ozer U, Kilic C, et al. Covid-19-related anxiety levels in physicians: A preliminary study. Dusunen Adam. 2020;33(4):366-75.
- 12. Sultana A, Sharma R, Hossain MM, et al. Burnout among healthcare providers during COVID-19: Challenges and evidence-based interventions. Indian J Med Ethics. 2020;5(4):308-11.
- 13. Zhang WR, Wang K, Yin L, et al. Mental Health and Psychosocial Problems of Medical Health Workers during the COVID-19 Epidemic in China. Psychother Psychosom. 2020;89(4):242-50.
- 14. Wong WCW, Lee A, Tsang KK, et al. How did general practitioners protect themselves, their family, and staff during the SARS epidemic in Hong Kong? J Epidemiol Community Health. 2004;58(3):180-5.
- 15. Lee SA. Coronavirus Anxiety Scale: A brief mental health screener for COVID-19 related anxiety. Death Stud. 2020;44(7):393–401.
- 16. Evren C, Evren B, Dalbudak E, et al. Measuring anxiety related to COVID-19: A Turkish validation study of the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale. Death Stud. 2020;46(5):1-7. 17. Zarit S, Reever K, Bahc-Peterson J. Relatives of the Impaired Elderly: Correlates of Feelings of Burden. Gerontologist. 1980; 20(6):649-55.
- 18. Ozlu A, Yildiz M, Aker T. A Reliability and Validity Study on the Zarit Caregiver Burden Scale. Noro Psikiyatr Ars. 2009;46:38-42.
- 19. Montgomery SA, Asberg M. A new depression scale designed to be sensitive to change. Br J Psychiatry. 1979;134(4):382–9.
- 20. Özer SK, Demir B, Tuğal Ö, et al. Montgomery-Åsberg Depresyon Değerlendirme Ölçeği : Değerlendiriciler Arası Güvenilirlik ve Geçerlik Çalışması. Türk Psikiyatr Derg. 2001;12(3):185–94.
- 21. Tayaz E, Koç A. Engelli bireye bakım verenlerde algılanan bakım yükü ve yaşam kalitesi arasındaki ilişkinin değerlendirilmesi. Med J Bakirkoy. 2018;14(1):44-52.
- 22. Işıkhan V. Kurumda çalışan yaşlı bakım elemanlarının bakım yükünü etkileyen faktörlerin incelenmesi. Toplum ve Sos Hizmet. 2018;29(1):1-26.
- 23. Karaaǧaç H, Var EÇ. Investigation of the effect between care burden and quality of life in caregivers of schizophrenia patients. Klin Psikiyatr Derg. 2019;22(1):16-26.
- 24. Sampaio F, Sequeira C, Teixeira L. Impact of COVID-19 outbreak on nurses’ mental health: A prospective cohort study. Environ Res. 2021;194:110620.
- 25. Chew NWS, Lee GKH, Tan BYQ, et al. A multinational, multicentre study on the psychological outcomes and associated physical symptoms amongst healthcare workers during COVID-19 outbreak. Brain Behav Immun. 2020;88:559-65.
- 26. Lu W, Wang H, Lin Y, et al. Psychological status of medical workforce during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study. Psychiatry Res. 2020;288:112936.
- 27. Mazza MG, De Lorenzo R, Conte C, et al. Anxiety and depression in COVID-19 survivors: Role of inflammatory and clinical predictors. Brain Behav Immun. 2020;89:594-600.
There are 26 citations in total.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Clinical Sciences |
| Journal Section | Original Article |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | December 30, 2022 |
| Submission Date | February 22, 2022 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2022 Volume: 9 Issue: 3 |
