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In Vitro Evaluation of the Effect Of Commercial Whitening Toothpastes on Enamel Color Change And the Surface Roughness

Year 2023, Volume: 5 Issue: 1, 25 - 34, 30.04.2023
https://doi.org/10.51122/neudentj.2023.55

Abstract

Aim: To evaluate the effect of four whitening toothpastes on the color change and surface roughness of bovine enamel.
Material and Methods: 40 extracted bovine incisors were used. The samples stained in coffee were divided into 5 groups according to the toothpaste: Signal White Now Gold(WNG), Colgate Optic White Expert(OWE),Colgate Optic White Charcoal(OWC),Rocs Sensation Whitening(SW), and control group(distilled water)(n=8). Surface roughness of the samples after coffee staining and brushing procedure was done with a profilometer (MarSurf M300C, Gottingen,Germany), color measurements were made with a spectrophotometer (VITA Easyshade, Zahnfabrik, Germany). The samples were brushed for 5 minutes with a 1:3 mixture of distilled water+toothpaste using a rechargeable toothbrush. For color analysis, L*,a*,b* values were recorded and ∆E00 were calculated with the CIEDE2000 formulation. Statistical analysis were evaluated using one-way ANOVA and Post hoc Tukey tests (p<0.05).
Results: Statistically significant difference was found between the roughness values after staining and brushing of the samples in each experimental group (p<0.001). The highest roughness change(ΔRa) was observed in the WNG(-55.16±3.77), while the lowest ΔRa was found in the OWC(-39.73±8.84). Statistically significant difference was found regarding color change between all toothpastes and the control group (p=0.004). No statistically significant difference was found between toothpastes in terms of whitening efficacy (p>0.05). The lowest ΔE00 was obtained in the control(2.74±0.09), while the highest ΔE00 was observed in the OWC(5.4±0.88).
Conclusion: All the whitening toothpastes tested in the study caused a decrease in the surface roughness of bovine enamel and a remarkable whitening was obtained in all groups.

References

  • 1. Hossain A, Okawa S, Miyakawa O. Effect of toothbrushing on titanium surface: an approach to understanding surface properties of brushed titanium. Dent Mater. 2006;22:346-52.
  • 2. Sharif N, MacDonald E, Hughes J, Newcombe RG, Addy M. The chemical stain removal properties of 'whitening' toothpaste products: studies in vitro. Br Dent J. 2000;188:620-4.
  • 3. Worschech CC, Rodrigues JA, Martins LR, Ambrosano GM. Brushing effect of abrasive dentifrices during athome bleaching with 10% carbamide peroxide on enamel surface roughness. J Contemp Dent Pract. 2006;15:25-34.
  • 4. Maldupa I, Brinkmane A, Rendeniece I, Mihailova A. Evidence based toothpaste classification, according to certain characteristics of their chemical composition. Stomatologija. 2012;14:12-22.
  • 5. Joiner A. Whitening toothpastes: A review of literature. J Dent. 2010; 38: 17-24.
  • 6. Turker SB, Bıskın T. Effect of three bleaching agents on the surface properties of three different esthetic restorative materials. J Prosthet Dent. 2003; 89(5): 466–73.
  • 7. Price RB, Sedarous M, Hiltz GS. The pH of tooth-whitening products. J Can Dent Assoc. 2000; 66: 421-6.
  • 8. Hefferren JJ. A laboratory method for assessment of dentrifrice abrasivity. J Dent Res. 1976; 55: 563–73.
  • 9. Hefferren JJ. Historical view of dentifrice functionality methods. J Clin Dent. 1998; 9: 53–6.
  • 10.Harrison JWE, Salisbury GB, Abbott DD, Packman EW. Effect of enzyme-toothpastes upon oral hygiene. J Periodontol. 1963; 34: 334-7.
  • 11.Flindt ML. Allergy to alpha-amylase and papain. Lancet. 1979; 30: 1407-8.
  • 12.Lopes MC, Mascarini RC, Ds Silva BM, Florio FM, Basting RT. Effect of a papain-based gel for chemomechanical caries removal on dentin shear bond strength. J Dent Child (Chic). 2007; 74: 93-7.
  • 13.Desser L, Holomanova D, Zavadova E, Pavelka K, Mohr T, Herbacek I. Oral therapy with proteolytic enzymes decreases excessive TGF-beta levels in human blood. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2001; 47: 10-5.
  • 14.Vaz VTP, Jubilato DP, Oliveira MRM, Bortolatto JF, Floros MC, Dantas AAR, Oliveira Junior OB. Whitening toothpaste containing activated charcoal, blue covarine, hydrogen peroxide or microbeads: which one is the most effective? J Appl Oral Sci. 2019; 14: 20180051.
  • 15.Brooks JK, Bashirelahi N, Reynolds MA. Charcoal and charcoal-based dentifrices: A literature review. J Am Dent Assoc. 2017; 148: 661-70.
  • 16.Kalita C, Choudhary B, Saikia AK, Sarma PC. Caries prevalence of school-going boys and girls according to cleaning methods and soft drink-taking frequency in different localities, in and around Guwahati City. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent. 2016; 34: 249-56.
  • 17.Jasse FF, De Campos EA, Lefever D, Di Bella E, Salomon JP, Krejci I, Ardu S. Influence of filler charge on gloss of composite materials before and after in vitro toothbrushing. J Dent. 2013; 41: 41–4.
  • 18.Lefever D, Krejci I, Ardu S. Laboratory evaluation of the effect of toothbrushing on surface gloss of resin composites. Am J Dent. 2014; 27: 42–6.
  • 19.O'neill C, Kreplak L, Rueggeberg FA, Labrie D, Shimokawa CAK, Price RB. Effect of Tooth Brushing on Gloss Farklı Beyazlatıcı Diş Macunlarının Minenin Renk Değişimi ve Yüzey Pürüzlülüğü Üzerindeki Etkilerinin İn Vitro Olarak Değerlendirilmesi 34 Retention and Surface Roughness of Five Bulk-Fill Resin Composites. J Esthet Restor Dent. 2018; 30: 59–69.
  • 20.Lai G, Zhao L, Wang J, Kunzelmann KH. Surface properties and color stability of dental flowable composites ınfluenced by simulated toothbrushing. Dent Mater J. 2018; 37: 717–24.
  • 21.Lefever D, Perakis N, Roig M, Krejci I, Ardu S. The effect of toothbrushing on surface gloss of resin composites. Am J Dent. 2012; 25:54-8.
  • 22.Paravina RD, Ghinea R, Herrera LJ, Bona AD, Igiel C, Linninger M, Sakai M, Takahashi H, Tashkandi E, Perez Mdel M. Color difference thresholds in dentistry. J Esthet Restor Dent. 2015 ;27: 1-9.
  • 23.Paravina RD, Pérez MM, Ghinea R. Acceptability and perceptibility thresholds in dentistry: A comprehensive review of clinical and research applications. J Esthet Restor Dent. 2019;31:103-12.
  • 24.A. Khalid, C. Quinonez. Straight, white teeth as a social prerogative, Sociol. Health Illn.2015; 37:782–96.
  • 25.Abbasi MS, Lal A, Das G, Salman F, Akram A, Ahmed AR, ve ark. Impact of Social Media on Aesthetic Dentistry: General Practitioners' Perspectives. Healthcare (Basel). 2022;10:2055.
  • 26.Joiner A, Pickles MJ, Lynch S, Cox Wirral TF. The measurement of enamel wear by four toothpastes. Int Dent J. 2008;58:23-8.
  • 27.Dahl JE, Pallesen U. Tooth bleaching–a critical review of the biological aspects, Crit Rev Oral Biol Med.2003; 14:292–304.
  • 28.Heintze SD, Forjanic M, Ohmiti K, Rousson V. Surface deterioration of dental materials after simulated toothbrushing in relation to brushing time and load. Dent Mater. 2010;26: 306–19.
  • 29.Patil PA, Ankola AV, Hebbal MI, Patil AC. Comparison of effectiveness of abrasive and enzymatic action of whitening toothpastes in removal of extrinsic stains – a clinical trial. Int J Dent Hyg. 2015;13: 25-9.
  • 30.Addy M, Shellis R. Interaction between attrition, abrasion and erosion in tooth wear. Dental Erosion. 2006;20:17-31.
  • 31.Palandi SS, Kury M, Picolo MZD, Coelho CSS, Cavalli V. Effects of activated charcoal powder combined with toothpastes on enamel color change and surface properties. J Esthet Restor Dent. 2020; 32: 783-90.
  • 32.Roselino L de M, Chinelatti MA, Alandia-Román CC, Pires-de-Souza Fde C. Effect of brushing time and dentifrice abrasiveness on color change and surface roughness of resin composites. Braz Dent J. 2015;26:507-13.
  • 33.Dobler L, Hamza B, Attin T, Wegehaupt FJ. Abrasive enamel and dentin wear Resulting from brushing with toothpastes with highly discrepant relative enamel abrasivity (REA) and relative dentin abrasivity (RDA) values. Oral Health Prev Dent. 2023;21:41-8.
  • 34.Svinnseth PN, Gjerdet NR, Lie T. Abrasivity of toothpastes. An in vitro study of toothpastes marketed in Norway. Acta Odontol Scand. 1987;45:195-202.
  • 35.Simionato AA, Vivanco RG, Tonani-Torrieri R, Arruda CNF, Pires-de-Souza FCP. Whitening effect of different toothpastes on bovine dental enamel: an in situ study. Braz Dent J. 2023;34:61-70.
  • 36.Karaoğlanoğlu AN, Oktay S, Aybala E, Ersöz B. Determination of the whitening effect of toothpastes on human teeth. Odovtos-Int J Dent Sc. 2022;24: 67-75.
  • 37.Demarco FF, Meireles SS, Masotti AS. Over-the-counter whitening agents: a concise review. Braz Oral Res. 2009;23:64-70.
  • 38.Tanoue N, Matsumura H, Atsuta M. Analysis of composite type and different sources of polymerization light on in vitro toothbrush/dentifrice abrasion resistance. J Dent. 2000;28:355-9.
  • 39.De Menezes M, Turssi CP, Hara AT, Messias DC, Serra MC. Abrasion of eroded root dentine brushed with different toothpastes. Clin Oral Investig. 2004;8:151-5.
  • 40.Karataş M, Duymuş ZY. In vitro evaluation of the efficacy of different over-the-counter products on tooth whitening. Braz Dent J. 2015; 26: 373-7.
  • 41.Kwon SR, Wertz PW. Review of the Mechanism of Tooth Whitening. J Esthet Restor Dent. 2015;27:240-57.

Farklı Beyazlatıcı Diş Macunlarının Minenin Renk Değişimi ve Yüzey Pürüzlülüğü Üzerindeki Etkilerinin İn Vitro Olarak Değerlendirilmesi

Year 2023, Volume: 5 Issue: 1, 25 - 34, 30.04.2023
https://doi.org/10.51122/neudentj.2023.55

Abstract

Amaç: Farklı içeriklere sahip dört beyazlatıcı diş macununun sığır dişi minesinin renk değişimi ve yüzey pürüzlülüğüne etkisini değerlendirmektir.
Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışma, 40 adet sığır kesici dişlerinin mine yüzeyleri üzerinde gerçekleştirildi. Kahve solüsyonunda renklendirilmiş dişler uygulanacak diş macununa göre 5 gruba ayrıldı: Signal White Now Gold(WNG), Colgate Optic White Expert(OWE), Colgate Optic White Charcoal(OWC), Rocs Sensation Whitening(SW) ve Kontrol grubu(distile su) (n=8). Örneklerin renklendirme sonrası ve fırçalama prosedürü sonrası yüzey pürüzlülükleri profilometre (MarSurf M300C, Mahr, Gottingen, Almanya) cihazı ile, renk ölçümleri spektrofotometre (VITA Easyshade, Zahnfabrik, Almanya) cihazı ile yapıldı. Örnekler şarj edilebilir diş fırçası kullanılarak 1:3 oranında distile su +macun karışımı ile 5 dk boyunca fırçalandı. Renk analizinde CIEDE2000 renk formülasyonuna uygun olarak L*, a*, b* değerleri kaydedildi ve ∆E00 değerleri hesaplandı. Verilerin istatistiksel analizi tek yönlü ANOVA ve Post hoc Tukey testleri kullanılarak değerlendirildi (p<0.05).
Bulgular: Örneklerin renklendirme sonrası ve fırçalama sonrası ölçülen pürüzlülük değerleri arasında istatiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark tespit edildi (p<0,001). En yüksek pürüzlülük değişim yüzdesi (ΔRa) WNG grubunda gözlenirken (-55.16±3.77), en düşük ΔRa OWC grubunda bulundu (-39.73±8.84). Renk değişimi değerlendirildiğinde tüm beyazlatma macunları ile kontrol grubu arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark bulundu (p=0.004). Diş macunları arasında ise beyazlatma etkinlikleri açısından istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark bulunmadı (p>0.05). En düşük ΔE00 Kontrol grubunda elde edilirken (2.74±0.09), en yüksek ΔE00 OWC grubunda görüldü (5.4±0.88).
Sonuç: Çalışmada kullanılan beyazlatıcı diş macunları sığır dişlerinin mine yüzey pürüzlülüklerinde azalmaya sebep olmuş ve tüm gruplarda kayda değer bir beyazlatma elde edilmiştir.

References

  • 1. Hossain A, Okawa S, Miyakawa O. Effect of toothbrushing on titanium surface: an approach to understanding surface properties of brushed titanium. Dent Mater. 2006;22:346-52.
  • 2. Sharif N, MacDonald E, Hughes J, Newcombe RG, Addy M. The chemical stain removal properties of 'whitening' toothpaste products: studies in vitro. Br Dent J. 2000;188:620-4.
  • 3. Worschech CC, Rodrigues JA, Martins LR, Ambrosano GM. Brushing effect of abrasive dentifrices during athome bleaching with 10% carbamide peroxide on enamel surface roughness. J Contemp Dent Pract. 2006;15:25-34.
  • 4. Maldupa I, Brinkmane A, Rendeniece I, Mihailova A. Evidence based toothpaste classification, according to certain characteristics of their chemical composition. Stomatologija. 2012;14:12-22.
  • 5. Joiner A. Whitening toothpastes: A review of literature. J Dent. 2010; 38: 17-24.
  • 6. Turker SB, Bıskın T. Effect of three bleaching agents on the surface properties of three different esthetic restorative materials. J Prosthet Dent. 2003; 89(5): 466–73.
  • 7. Price RB, Sedarous M, Hiltz GS. The pH of tooth-whitening products. J Can Dent Assoc. 2000; 66: 421-6.
  • 8. Hefferren JJ. A laboratory method for assessment of dentrifrice abrasivity. J Dent Res. 1976; 55: 563–73.
  • 9. Hefferren JJ. Historical view of dentifrice functionality methods. J Clin Dent. 1998; 9: 53–6.
  • 10.Harrison JWE, Salisbury GB, Abbott DD, Packman EW. Effect of enzyme-toothpastes upon oral hygiene. J Periodontol. 1963; 34: 334-7.
  • 11.Flindt ML. Allergy to alpha-amylase and papain. Lancet. 1979; 30: 1407-8.
  • 12.Lopes MC, Mascarini RC, Ds Silva BM, Florio FM, Basting RT. Effect of a papain-based gel for chemomechanical caries removal on dentin shear bond strength. J Dent Child (Chic). 2007; 74: 93-7.
  • 13.Desser L, Holomanova D, Zavadova E, Pavelka K, Mohr T, Herbacek I. Oral therapy with proteolytic enzymes decreases excessive TGF-beta levels in human blood. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2001; 47: 10-5.
  • 14.Vaz VTP, Jubilato DP, Oliveira MRM, Bortolatto JF, Floros MC, Dantas AAR, Oliveira Junior OB. Whitening toothpaste containing activated charcoal, blue covarine, hydrogen peroxide or microbeads: which one is the most effective? J Appl Oral Sci. 2019; 14: 20180051.
  • 15.Brooks JK, Bashirelahi N, Reynolds MA. Charcoal and charcoal-based dentifrices: A literature review. J Am Dent Assoc. 2017; 148: 661-70.
  • 16.Kalita C, Choudhary B, Saikia AK, Sarma PC. Caries prevalence of school-going boys and girls according to cleaning methods and soft drink-taking frequency in different localities, in and around Guwahati City. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent. 2016; 34: 249-56.
  • 17.Jasse FF, De Campos EA, Lefever D, Di Bella E, Salomon JP, Krejci I, Ardu S. Influence of filler charge on gloss of composite materials before and after in vitro toothbrushing. J Dent. 2013; 41: 41–4.
  • 18.Lefever D, Krejci I, Ardu S. Laboratory evaluation of the effect of toothbrushing on surface gloss of resin composites. Am J Dent. 2014; 27: 42–6.
  • 19.O'neill C, Kreplak L, Rueggeberg FA, Labrie D, Shimokawa CAK, Price RB. Effect of Tooth Brushing on Gloss Farklı Beyazlatıcı Diş Macunlarının Minenin Renk Değişimi ve Yüzey Pürüzlülüğü Üzerindeki Etkilerinin İn Vitro Olarak Değerlendirilmesi 34 Retention and Surface Roughness of Five Bulk-Fill Resin Composites. J Esthet Restor Dent. 2018; 30: 59–69.
  • 20.Lai G, Zhao L, Wang J, Kunzelmann KH. Surface properties and color stability of dental flowable composites ınfluenced by simulated toothbrushing. Dent Mater J. 2018; 37: 717–24.
  • 21.Lefever D, Perakis N, Roig M, Krejci I, Ardu S. The effect of toothbrushing on surface gloss of resin composites. Am J Dent. 2012; 25:54-8.
  • 22.Paravina RD, Ghinea R, Herrera LJ, Bona AD, Igiel C, Linninger M, Sakai M, Takahashi H, Tashkandi E, Perez Mdel M. Color difference thresholds in dentistry. J Esthet Restor Dent. 2015 ;27: 1-9.
  • 23.Paravina RD, Pérez MM, Ghinea R. Acceptability and perceptibility thresholds in dentistry: A comprehensive review of clinical and research applications. J Esthet Restor Dent. 2019;31:103-12.
  • 24.A. Khalid, C. Quinonez. Straight, white teeth as a social prerogative, Sociol. Health Illn.2015; 37:782–96.
  • 25.Abbasi MS, Lal A, Das G, Salman F, Akram A, Ahmed AR, ve ark. Impact of Social Media on Aesthetic Dentistry: General Practitioners' Perspectives. Healthcare (Basel). 2022;10:2055.
  • 26.Joiner A, Pickles MJ, Lynch S, Cox Wirral TF. The measurement of enamel wear by four toothpastes. Int Dent J. 2008;58:23-8.
  • 27.Dahl JE, Pallesen U. Tooth bleaching–a critical review of the biological aspects, Crit Rev Oral Biol Med.2003; 14:292–304.
  • 28.Heintze SD, Forjanic M, Ohmiti K, Rousson V. Surface deterioration of dental materials after simulated toothbrushing in relation to brushing time and load. Dent Mater. 2010;26: 306–19.
  • 29.Patil PA, Ankola AV, Hebbal MI, Patil AC. Comparison of effectiveness of abrasive and enzymatic action of whitening toothpastes in removal of extrinsic stains – a clinical trial. Int J Dent Hyg. 2015;13: 25-9.
  • 30.Addy M, Shellis R. Interaction between attrition, abrasion and erosion in tooth wear. Dental Erosion. 2006;20:17-31.
  • 31.Palandi SS, Kury M, Picolo MZD, Coelho CSS, Cavalli V. Effects of activated charcoal powder combined with toothpastes on enamel color change and surface properties. J Esthet Restor Dent. 2020; 32: 783-90.
  • 32.Roselino L de M, Chinelatti MA, Alandia-Román CC, Pires-de-Souza Fde C. Effect of brushing time and dentifrice abrasiveness on color change and surface roughness of resin composites. Braz Dent J. 2015;26:507-13.
  • 33.Dobler L, Hamza B, Attin T, Wegehaupt FJ. Abrasive enamel and dentin wear Resulting from brushing with toothpastes with highly discrepant relative enamel abrasivity (REA) and relative dentin abrasivity (RDA) values. Oral Health Prev Dent. 2023;21:41-8.
  • 34.Svinnseth PN, Gjerdet NR, Lie T. Abrasivity of toothpastes. An in vitro study of toothpastes marketed in Norway. Acta Odontol Scand. 1987;45:195-202.
  • 35.Simionato AA, Vivanco RG, Tonani-Torrieri R, Arruda CNF, Pires-de-Souza FCP. Whitening effect of different toothpastes on bovine dental enamel: an in situ study. Braz Dent J. 2023;34:61-70.
  • 36.Karaoğlanoğlu AN, Oktay S, Aybala E, Ersöz B. Determination of the whitening effect of toothpastes on human teeth. Odovtos-Int J Dent Sc. 2022;24: 67-75.
  • 37.Demarco FF, Meireles SS, Masotti AS. Over-the-counter whitening agents: a concise review. Braz Oral Res. 2009;23:64-70.
  • 38.Tanoue N, Matsumura H, Atsuta M. Analysis of composite type and different sources of polymerization light on in vitro toothbrush/dentifrice abrasion resistance. J Dent. 2000;28:355-9.
  • 39.De Menezes M, Turssi CP, Hara AT, Messias DC, Serra MC. Abrasion of eroded root dentine brushed with different toothpastes. Clin Oral Investig. 2004;8:151-5.
  • 40.Karataş M, Duymuş ZY. In vitro evaluation of the efficacy of different over-the-counter products on tooth whitening. Braz Dent J. 2015; 26: 373-7.
  • 41.Kwon SR, Wertz PW. Review of the Mechanism of Tooth Whitening. J Esthet Restor Dent. 2015;27:240-57.
There are 41 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Dentistry
Journal Section RESEARCH ARTICLE
Authors

Ayca Sarıalıoglu Gungor 0000-0002-8779-2949

Muhammet Enes Örcün 0009-0006-2784-4037

Nazmiye Dönmez 0000-0002-5101-6155

Publication Date April 30, 2023
Submission Date March 20, 2023
Acceptance Date April 21, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 5 Issue: 1

Cite

Vancouver Sarıalıoglu Gungor A, Örcün ME, Dönmez N. Farklı Beyazlatıcı Diş Macunlarının Minenin Renk Değişimi ve Yüzey Pürüzlülüğü Üzerindeki Etkilerinin İn Vitro Olarak Değerlendirilmesi. NEU Dent J. 2023;5(1):25-34.