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Perioperative Nursing Care of Patients Undergoing Coronary Angiography with the Transradial Method

Year 2023, Volume: 10 Issue: 3, 158 - 168, 29.10.2023
https://doi.org/10.56941/odutip.1312265

Abstract

CCardiovascular diseases contribute to the deaths of millions of individuals each year. Among these diseases, coronary artery disease stands out as a condition that requires urgent treatment and can lead to sudden death. Coronary angiography remains the gold standard for the diagnosis and treatment of coronary artery disease, benefiting from advancements in science and technology. In recent years, there has been a growing emphasis on the use of the radial artery for coronary artery disease diagnosis and treatment within the field of coronary angiography. Compared to femoral and brachial arteries, the radial artery offers several advantages in accessing the coronary vessels. Nurses, as integral members of the multidisciplinary healthcare system, play a crucial role in all stages of the process, from pre-transradial angiography to the procedure itself and post-procedure care, contributing to the quality of patient care and the healthcare system. This review aims to elucidate the roles of nurses in the increasingly utilized transradial angiography method worldwide and provide an overview of perioperative nursing care based on the latest literature.

References

  • World Health Organization, “Cardiovasculer dieseases” erişim: 12 Marc 2023, https://www.who.int/health-topics/cardiovascular-diseases#tab=tab_1
  • Naghavi M, Wang H, Lozano R, Davis A, Liang X, Zhou M, et al. Global, Regional, and National Age-Sex Specific All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality For 240 Causes of Death, 1990-2013: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. The Lancet. 2015;385(9963):117–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61682-2
  • Gülhan Güner S, Nural N. Koroner Arter Hastalığı: Etiyoloji ve Patogenez. Nural N, editör. Kalp Damar Hastalıkları Hemşireliği. 1. Baskı. Ankara: Türkiye Klinikleri; 2020. p.1-6.
  • Duggan JP, Peters AS, Trachiotis GD, Antevil JL. Epidemiology of Coronary Artery Disease. Surgical Clinics of North America. 2022;102(3):499–516. DOI: 10.1016/J.SUC.2022.01.007
  • Malakar AK, Choudhury D, Halder B, Paul P, Uddin A, Chakraborty S. A Review on Coronary Artery Disease, Its Risk Factors, And Therapeutics. Journal of Cellular Physiology. Wiley-Liss Inc.; 2019. p. 16812–23. DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28350
  • Mendis S, Puska P, Norrving B, World Health Organization., World Heart Federation., World Stroke Organization. Global Atlas on Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Control. World Health Organization in collaboration with the World Heart Federation and the World Stroke Organization; 2011. p.155. ISBN: 9789241564373
  • Grech ED. Pathophysiology and Investigation of Coronary Artery Disease. ABC of Interventional Cardiology 2003;326:1027–30.
  • Khan SQ, Ludman PF. Percutaneous Coronary Intervention. Revascularization. 2022;50(7):437–44.
  • Jin C, Li W, Qiao SB, Yang JG, Wang Y, He PY, et al. Costs and Benefits Associated with Transradial Versus Transfemoral Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in China. J Am Heart Assoc. 2016;5(4). DOI: 10.1161/JAHA.115.002684
  • Xu Y, Chen J, Qiao S, Wu Y, Yan H, Dou K, et al. Intervention in Chinese Women Based on A Propensity Score Analysis. Korean Circ J. 2018;48(8):719–27. https://doi.org/10.4070/kcj.2018.0040
  • Lee CW, Cho SC. The Transradial Approach for Coronary Intervention: More Comfort, Better Outcome. Korean Circulation Journal. Korean Society of Cardiology; 2018. p. 728–30. https://doi.org/10.4070/kcj.2018.0118
  • Kolkailah AA, Alreshq RS, Muhammed AM, Zahran ME, Anas El-Wegoud M, Nabhan AF. Transradial Versus Transfemoral Approach for Diagnostic Coronary Angiography And Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in People With Coronary Artery Disease. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2018. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD012318.pub2.
  • Jolly SS, Yusuf S, Cairns J, Niemelä K, Xavier D, Widimsky P, et al. Radial Versus Femoral Access for Coronary Angiography and Intervention in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndromes (RIVAL): A Randomised, Parallel Group, Multicentre Trial. The Lancet. 2011;377:1409–20. DOI:10.1016/S01406736(11)60404-2
  • Lawton JS, Tamis-Holland JE, Bangalore S, Bates ER, Beckie TM, Bischoff JM, et al. 2021 ACC/AHA/SCAI Guideline for Coronary Artery Revascularization: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2022;79(2):21–129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2021.09.006
  • Jhand A, Atti V, Gwon Y, Dhawan R, Turagam MK, Mamas MA, et al. Meta-Analysis of Transradial s Transfemoral Access for Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Patients with ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction. American Journal of Cardiology. 2021;141:23–30.
  • Tatli E, Buturak A, Cakar A, Vatan BM, Degirmencioglu A, Agac TM, et al. Unusual Vascular Complications Associated With Transradial Coronary Procedures among 10,324 Patients: Case Based Experience and Treatment Options. J Interv Cardiol. 2015;28(3):305–12. DOI: 10.1111/joic.12206
  • Sandoval Y, Bell MR, Gulati R. Transradial Artery Access Complications. Circulation: Cardiovascular Interventions. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins; 2019;12:1-14 DOI:10.1161/CIRCINTERVENTIONS.119.007386
  • Bhat T, Bhat H, Teli S, Rajiv B, Akhtar M, Gala B. Pseudoaneurysm a Rare Complication of Transradial Cardiac Catheterization: A Case Report. Vascular. 2013;21(5):331–4. DOI:10.1177/1708538113478745
  • Aydemir Gedük E. Hemşirelik Mesleğinin Gelişen Rolleri. Sağlık Bilimleri ve Meslekleri Dergisi. 2018;5 (2):253-258. DOI: 10.17681/hsp.358458
  • Parach A, Sadeghi-Ghahroudi M, Saeid Y, Ebadi A. The Effect of Evidence-Based Care Guidelines on Outcomes After Removal of Arterial Sheath in Patients Undergoing Angioplasty. ARYA Atheroscler. 2018;14(6):237–41. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22122/arya.v14i6.1380
  • Banning AP, Baumbach A, Blackman D, Curzen N, Devadathan S, Fraser D, et al. Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in The UK: Recommendations for Good Practice. Heart. BMJ Publishing Group; 2015. p. 1–13. DOI:10.1136/heartjnl-2015-307821
  • Namdar P, YekeFallah L, Jalalian F, Barikani A, Razaghpoor A. Improving Door-to-Balloon Time for Patients With Acute ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction: A Controlled Clinical Trial. Current Problems in Cardiology. 2021;46(3):1-18. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2020.100674
  • Wimmer NJ, Cohen DJ, Wasfy JH, Rathore SS, Mauri L, Yeh RW. Delay in Reperfusion With Transradial Percutaneous Coronary İntervention for ST-Elevation Myocardial İnfarction: Might Some Delays Be Acceptable? Am Heart J. 2014;168(1):103–9. DOI:10.1016/j.ahj.2014.02.013.
  • Zhu L, Xu J, Wang Q, Xu F, Chen J. Nursing Care of Transradial Angiography and İntervention in A Tertiary Hospital in Shanghai: A Best Practice Implementation Project. JBI Database System Rev Implement Rep. 2016;14(5):286–94. DOI: 10.11124/JBISRIR-2016-002509
  • Cutilli CC. Excellence in Patient Education: Evidence-Based Education that ‘Sticks’ and Improves Patient Outcomes. The Nursing clinics of North America. NLM (Medline); 2020. p. 267–82. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cnur.2020.02.007
  • Oshvandi K, Movaheditabar E, Naghshtabrizi B, Mohammadi Y, Shamsizadeh M. The Effect of Video-Based Educational Program on Satisfaction and Comfort in Patients Undergoing Transradial Coronary Angiography: A Single-Blinded, Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Vascular Nursing. 2021;39(2):27–32. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvn.2021.01.001
  • Habibzadeh H, Milan ZD, Radfar M, Alilu L, Cund A. Effects of Peer-Facilitated, Video-Based and Combined Peer-and-Video Education on Anxiety Among Patients Undergoing Coronary Angiography: Randomised Controlled Trial. Sultan Qaboos Univ Med J. 2018;18(1):61–7.
  • Kim YS, Kim HA, Kim MS, Kim HS, Kwak MJ, Chun J, et al. How to Improve Patient Safety Literacy? Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(19):1–12. DOI:10.3390/ijerph17197308
  • Walker JA. What Is the Effect of Preoperative Information on Patient Satisfaction? British Journal of Nursing. 2007;16(1):27–32.
  • Schueler A, Black SR, Shay N. Management of Transradial Access for Coronary Angiography. Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing. 2013;28(5):468–72. DOI: 10.1097/JCN.0b013e3182648351
  • Turk Kardiyoji Derneği. Perkütan Koroner Girişimler www.tkd.org.tr. erişim tarihi: 13 Mayıs 2023.
  • White K, Macfarlane H, Hoffmann B, Sirvas-Brown H, Hines K, Rolley JX, et al. Consensus Statement of Standards for Interventional Cardiovascular Nursing Practice. Heart Lung Circ. 2018;27(5):535–51. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hlc.2018.05.001
  • Tehrani DM, Seto AH. Heparin, compression, and radial artery occlusion: Less is more. Catheterization and Cardiovascular Interventions. John Wiley and Sons Inc; 2021. p. 1377–8. DOI:10.1002/ccd.29764
  • Rao S V., Tremmel JA, Gilchrist IC, Shah PB, Gulati R, Shroff AR, et al. Best Practices for Transradial Angiography and Intervention: A Consensus Statement from The Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Intervention’s Transradial Working Group. Catheterization and Cardiovascular Interventions. 2014;83(2):228–36. DOI: 10.1002/ccd.25209
  • Zhang WJ, Yan JC, Wang ZQ. Application of The Interventional Limb Raising Management Strategy (ILRMS) At Radial Vascular Access Sites in Coronary Angiography and Percutaneous Coronary İntervention: A Randomized Trial. Int J Nurs Sci. 2016;3(1):54–7. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnss.2016.02.005
  • Bowden T. Evidence-Based Care for Patients Undergoing Coronary Angiography. British Journal of Nursing. 2009;18(13).
  • Qu B, Hou Q, Men X, Zhai X, Jiang T, Wang R. Original Article Research and Application of KABP Nursing Model in Cardiac Rehabilitation of Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction After PCI. Am J Transl Res. 2021;13(4):3022-3033. ISSN:1943-8141
  • Liu X, Zou Y, Huang D, Lu H. Original Article Effect of Evidence-Based Nursing Combined with Exercise Rehabilitation in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention. Am J Transl Res. 2022;14(10):7424-7433. ISSN:1943-8141
  • Mishra M, Chavda A, Kumar SN, Menaria K. International Journal of Nursing and Medical Investigation. International Peer Reviewed Journal. 2018;3(2):52–6. ISSN: 2456-4656

Transradial Yöntem ile Koroner Anjiyografi Olan Hastaların Perioperatif Hemşirelik Bakımı

Year 2023, Volume: 10 Issue: 3, 158 - 168, 29.10.2023
https://doi.org/10.56941/odutip.1312265

Abstract

Kardiyovasküler hastalıklar her yıl milyonlarca insanın ölümüne neden olmaktadır. Koroner arter hastalığı kardiyovasküler hastalıklar içerisinde acil tedavi edilmesi gereken ve ani ölüme sebep olan hastalıklar arasındadır. Koroner anjiyografi, koroner arter hastalığının tanı ve tedavisinde altın standart olarak yerini korumaktadır. Bilim ve teknolojinin sağladığı gelişmelerle beraber koroner anjiyografide, radial arter aracılığı ile koroner damar hastalığının tanı ve tedavisi son yıllarda önem kazanmaktadır. Femoral ve brakial arterlere nispeten radial arter aracılığı ile koroner damarlara erişilmesinin daha avantajlı olduğu bilinmektedir. Multidisipliner sağlık sisteminin ayrılmaz bir parçası olan hemşireler, transradial anjiyografi öncesi, sırası ve sonrasında sürecin tüm aşamasında bulunarak hasta bakım kalitesine ve sağlık sistemine fayda sağlamaktadır. Bu derlemede, son yıllarda tüm dünyada kullanımı yaygınlaşan transradial anjiyografi yönteminde hemşirenin rolleri ve perioperatif hemşirelik bakımının son literatür ışığında açıklanması amaçlanmaktadır.

References

  • World Health Organization, “Cardiovasculer dieseases” erişim: 12 Marc 2023, https://www.who.int/health-topics/cardiovascular-diseases#tab=tab_1
  • Naghavi M, Wang H, Lozano R, Davis A, Liang X, Zhou M, et al. Global, Regional, and National Age-Sex Specific All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality For 240 Causes of Death, 1990-2013: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. The Lancet. 2015;385(9963):117–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61682-2
  • Gülhan Güner S, Nural N. Koroner Arter Hastalığı: Etiyoloji ve Patogenez. Nural N, editör. Kalp Damar Hastalıkları Hemşireliği. 1. Baskı. Ankara: Türkiye Klinikleri; 2020. p.1-6.
  • Duggan JP, Peters AS, Trachiotis GD, Antevil JL. Epidemiology of Coronary Artery Disease. Surgical Clinics of North America. 2022;102(3):499–516. DOI: 10.1016/J.SUC.2022.01.007
  • Malakar AK, Choudhury D, Halder B, Paul P, Uddin A, Chakraborty S. A Review on Coronary Artery Disease, Its Risk Factors, And Therapeutics. Journal of Cellular Physiology. Wiley-Liss Inc.; 2019. p. 16812–23. DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28350
  • Mendis S, Puska P, Norrving B, World Health Organization., World Heart Federation., World Stroke Organization. Global Atlas on Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Control. World Health Organization in collaboration with the World Heart Federation and the World Stroke Organization; 2011. p.155. ISBN: 9789241564373
  • Grech ED. Pathophysiology and Investigation of Coronary Artery Disease. ABC of Interventional Cardiology 2003;326:1027–30.
  • Khan SQ, Ludman PF. Percutaneous Coronary Intervention. Revascularization. 2022;50(7):437–44.
  • Jin C, Li W, Qiao SB, Yang JG, Wang Y, He PY, et al. Costs and Benefits Associated with Transradial Versus Transfemoral Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in China. J Am Heart Assoc. 2016;5(4). DOI: 10.1161/JAHA.115.002684
  • Xu Y, Chen J, Qiao S, Wu Y, Yan H, Dou K, et al. Intervention in Chinese Women Based on A Propensity Score Analysis. Korean Circ J. 2018;48(8):719–27. https://doi.org/10.4070/kcj.2018.0040
  • Lee CW, Cho SC. The Transradial Approach for Coronary Intervention: More Comfort, Better Outcome. Korean Circulation Journal. Korean Society of Cardiology; 2018. p. 728–30. https://doi.org/10.4070/kcj.2018.0118
  • Kolkailah AA, Alreshq RS, Muhammed AM, Zahran ME, Anas El-Wegoud M, Nabhan AF. Transradial Versus Transfemoral Approach for Diagnostic Coronary Angiography And Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in People With Coronary Artery Disease. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2018. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD012318.pub2.
  • Jolly SS, Yusuf S, Cairns J, Niemelä K, Xavier D, Widimsky P, et al. Radial Versus Femoral Access for Coronary Angiography and Intervention in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndromes (RIVAL): A Randomised, Parallel Group, Multicentre Trial. The Lancet. 2011;377:1409–20. DOI:10.1016/S01406736(11)60404-2
  • Lawton JS, Tamis-Holland JE, Bangalore S, Bates ER, Beckie TM, Bischoff JM, et al. 2021 ACC/AHA/SCAI Guideline for Coronary Artery Revascularization: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2022;79(2):21–129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2021.09.006
  • Jhand A, Atti V, Gwon Y, Dhawan R, Turagam MK, Mamas MA, et al. Meta-Analysis of Transradial s Transfemoral Access for Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Patients with ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction. American Journal of Cardiology. 2021;141:23–30.
  • Tatli E, Buturak A, Cakar A, Vatan BM, Degirmencioglu A, Agac TM, et al. Unusual Vascular Complications Associated With Transradial Coronary Procedures among 10,324 Patients: Case Based Experience and Treatment Options. J Interv Cardiol. 2015;28(3):305–12. DOI: 10.1111/joic.12206
  • Sandoval Y, Bell MR, Gulati R. Transradial Artery Access Complications. Circulation: Cardiovascular Interventions. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins; 2019;12:1-14 DOI:10.1161/CIRCINTERVENTIONS.119.007386
  • Bhat T, Bhat H, Teli S, Rajiv B, Akhtar M, Gala B. Pseudoaneurysm a Rare Complication of Transradial Cardiac Catheterization: A Case Report. Vascular. 2013;21(5):331–4. DOI:10.1177/1708538113478745
  • Aydemir Gedük E. Hemşirelik Mesleğinin Gelişen Rolleri. Sağlık Bilimleri ve Meslekleri Dergisi. 2018;5 (2):253-258. DOI: 10.17681/hsp.358458
  • Parach A, Sadeghi-Ghahroudi M, Saeid Y, Ebadi A. The Effect of Evidence-Based Care Guidelines on Outcomes After Removal of Arterial Sheath in Patients Undergoing Angioplasty. ARYA Atheroscler. 2018;14(6):237–41. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22122/arya.v14i6.1380
  • Banning AP, Baumbach A, Blackman D, Curzen N, Devadathan S, Fraser D, et al. Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in The UK: Recommendations for Good Practice. Heart. BMJ Publishing Group; 2015. p. 1–13. DOI:10.1136/heartjnl-2015-307821
  • Namdar P, YekeFallah L, Jalalian F, Barikani A, Razaghpoor A. Improving Door-to-Balloon Time for Patients With Acute ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction: A Controlled Clinical Trial. Current Problems in Cardiology. 2021;46(3):1-18. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2020.100674
  • Wimmer NJ, Cohen DJ, Wasfy JH, Rathore SS, Mauri L, Yeh RW. Delay in Reperfusion With Transradial Percutaneous Coronary İntervention for ST-Elevation Myocardial İnfarction: Might Some Delays Be Acceptable? Am Heart J. 2014;168(1):103–9. DOI:10.1016/j.ahj.2014.02.013.
  • Zhu L, Xu J, Wang Q, Xu F, Chen J. Nursing Care of Transradial Angiography and İntervention in A Tertiary Hospital in Shanghai: A Best Practice Implementation Project. JBI Database System Rev Implement Rep. 2016;14(5):286–94. DOI: 10.11124/JBISRIR-2016-002509
  • Cutilli CC. Excellence in Patient Education: Evidence-Based Education that ‘Sticks’ and Improves Patient Outcomes. The Nursing clinics of North America. NLM (Medline); 2020. p. 267–82. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cnur.2020.02.007
  • Oshvandi K, Movaheditabar E, Naghshtabrizi B, Mohammadi Y, Shamsizadeh M. The Effect of Video-Based Educational Program on Satisfaction and Comfort in Patients Undergoing Transradial Coronary Angiography: A Single-Blinded, Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Vascular Nursing. 2021;39(2):27–32. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvn.2021.01.001
  • Habibzadeh H, Milan ZD, Radfar M, Alilu L, Cund A. Effects of Peer-Facilitated, Video-Based and Combined Peer-and-Video Education on Anxiety Among Patients Undergoing Coronary Angiography: Randomised Controlled Trial. Sultan Qaboos Univ Med J. 2018;18(1):61–7.
  • Kim YS, Kim HA, Kim MS, Kim HS, Kwak MJ, Chun J, et al. How to Improve Patient Safety Literacy? Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(19):1–12. DOI:10.3390/ijerph17197308
  • Walker JA. What Is the Effect of Preoperative Information on Patient Satisfaction? British Journal of Nursing. 2007;16(1):27–32.
  • Schueler A, Black SR, Shay N. Management of Transradial Access for Coronary Angiography. Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing. 2013;28(5):468–72. DOI: 10.1097/JCN.0b013e3182648351
  • Turk Kardiyoji Derneği. Perkütan Koroner Girişimler www.tkd.org.tr. erişim tarihi: 13 Mayıs 2023.
  • White K, Macfarlane H, Hoffmann B, Sirvas-Brown H, Hines K, Rolley JX, et al. Consensus Statement of Standards for Interventional Cardiovascular Nursing Practice. Heart Lung Circ. 2018;27(5):535–51. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hlc.2018.05.001
  • Tehrani DM, Seto AH. Heparin, compression, and radial artery occlusion: Less is more. Catheterization and Cardiovascular Interventions. John Wiley and Sons Inc; 2021. p. 1377–8. DOI:10.1002/ccd.29764
  • Rao S V., Tremmel JA, Gilchrist IC, Shah PB, Gulati R, Shroff AR, et al. Best Practices for Transradial Angiography and Intervention: A Consensus Statement from The Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Intervention’s Transradial Working Group. Catheterization and Cardiovascular Interventions. 2014;83(2):228–36. DOI: 10.1002/ccd.25209
  • Zhang WJ, Yan JC, Wang ZQ. Application of The Interventional Limb Raising Management Strategy (ILRMS) At Radial Vascular Access Sites in Coronary Angiography and Percutaneous Coronary İntervention: A Randomized Trial. Int J Nurs Sci. 2016;3(1):54–7. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnss.2016.02.005
  • Bowden T. Evidence-Based Care for Patients Undergoing Coronary Angiography. British Journal of Nursing. 2009;18(13).
  • Qu B, Hou Q, Men X, Zhai X, Jiang T, Wang R. Original Article Research and Application of KABP Nursing Model in Cardiac Rehabilitation of Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction After PCI. Am J Transl Res. 2021;13(4):3022-3033. ISSN:1943-8141
  • Liu X, Zou Y, Huang D, Lu H. Original Article Effect of Evidence-Based Nursing Combined with Exercise Rehabilitation in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention. Am J Transl Res. 2022;14(10):7424-7433. ISSN:1943-8141
  • Mishra M, Chavda A, Kumar SN, Menaria K. International Journal of Nursing and Medical Investigation. International Peer Reviewed Journal. 2018;3(2):52–6. ISSN: 2456-4656
There are 39 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Acute Care, Surgical Diseases Nursing​​, ICU Nursing
Journal Section Review
Authors

İsmail Aşatır 0000-0002-2828-1946

Atiye Erbaş 0000-0002-3969-3452

Early Pub Date October 27, 2023
Publication Date October 29, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 10 Issue: 3

Cite

Vancouver Aşatır İ, Erbaş A. Perioperative Nursing Care of Patients Undergoing Coronary Angiography with the Transradial Method. ODU Med J. 2023;10(3):158-6.