Research Article
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Disease Severity and Serum Endocan Levels in Fibromyalgia Patients

Year 2023, Volume: 40 Issue: 2, 264 - 267, 19.07.2023

Abstract

Objective: We investigated the relationship between serum levels of endocan and disease activity in patients with Fibromyalgia.
Material method: Forty-five patients who met the 2010 ACR FMS criteria and 28 healthy controls were included in the study. To measure the severity of the disease in patients with fibromyalgia (FMS), the symptom severity scale (SSS), the widespread pain index (WPI), and the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) were evaluated. Serum endocan, Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and CRP values of the patient and control groups were measured.
Results: Patients with FMS had significantly higher serum endocan levels. Mean serum levels of endocan were 0.99 ± 0.28 ng/mL (range: 0.1-2.2) in patients with FMS and 0.63 ± 0.17) ng/mL (range: 0.4 ± 1.1) in control subjects (p <0.05). ROC analysis results for endocan level in the FMS group [AUC (%95 GA): 0.89 (0.81-0.97), sensitivity: %68.9, specificity: %96]. A significant correlation was found between endocan levels and SSS (r:0.33 p: 0.004).
Conclusion: Our study, in which we detected significantly higher endocan levels in patients with FMS compared to controls, supported the use of endocan as an important potential marker for FMS.

References

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  • 2. Sarzi-Puttini P., Giorgi V, Marotto D., Atzeni F., Fibromyalgia: an update on clinical characteristics, aetiopathogenesis and treatment. Nat.Rev. Rheumatol. 2020; 16:645–660. doi: 10.1038/s41584-020-00506-w.
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  • 7. Rodriguez-Pintó I, Agmon-Levin N, Howard A.,Shoenfeld Y, Fibromyalgia and cytokines. Immunol. Lett.2014;161:200–203. doi: 10.1016/j.imlet.2014.01.009.
  • 8. Uyar ME, Sezer S, Bal Z, Guliyev O, Tutal E, G. Genctoy G et alFibromyalgia and its Clinical Relevance in Renal Transplant Recipients. Transplant. Proc.2015;47:1105–1109. doi: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2015.01.026.
  • 9. Lee J. H,. Cho K. I, Kim S. M., Lee H. G.,Kim T. I., Arterial Stiffness in Female Patients With Fibromyalgia and its Relationship to Chronic Emotional and Physical Stress. Korean Circ. J. 2011;41:596.doi: 10.4070/kcj.2011.41.10.596.
  • 10. Scherpereel A, Gentina T, Grigoriu B, Sénéchal S, Janin A, Tsicopoulos, A et al. Overexpression of endocan induces tumor formation., Cancer Res.2003;63:6084–9. PMID:14522939.
  • 11. Béchard D, Gentina T, Delehedde M, Scherpereel A, Lyon M, Aumercier M, et al. Endocan is a Novel Chondroitin Sulfate/Dermatan Sulfate Proteoglycan That Promotes Hepatocyte Growth Factor/Scatter Factor Mitogenic Activity.J. Biol. Chem. 2001; 276:48341–48349. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M108395200.
  • 12. Nassef E. M, Elabd H. A., Mohamed Ali El Nagger B. M., Hala Mohamed Elzomor H.M, Kotb H. G., Sabry S et al.Serum Endocan Levels and Subclinical Atherosclerosis in Behçet’s SyndromeInt. J. Gen. Med.2022;15:6653–6659. doi: 10.2147/IJGM.S373863.
  • 13. Kali A. and Shetty K. S. R., Endocan: A novel circulating proteoglycan. Indian J. Pharmacol. 2014; 46:579. doi: 10.4103/0253-7613.144891.
  • 14. Omma A, Armaǧan B , Güven S. C.,Sandıkçı S.C., Çolak S, Yücel Çet al. Endocan: A Novel Marker for Colchicine Resistance in Familial Mediterranean Fever Patients? Front. Pediatr.2021;9. doi: 10.3389/fped.2021.788864.
  • 15. Yang J, Yang Q, Yu S, and Zhang X . Endocan: A new marker for cancer and a target for cancer therapy. Biomed. Reports. 2015; 3:279–283. doi: 10.3892/br.2015.438.
  • 16. Gasparyan A. Y., Ayvazyan L., Mukanova U., Yessirkepov M., and G. D. Kitas. The Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio as an Inflammatory Marker in Rheumatic Diseases. Ann. Lab. Med. 2019; 39:345–357. doi: 10.3343/alm.2019.39.4.345.
  • 17. S. Sarejloo, Abadifard E, Othman Z. J., Zafarani F , Khanzadeh M , Sadigh-Eteghad S et al. Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio and Platelet to Lymphocyte Ratio in Poststroke Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Dis. Markers. 2022; 2022:1–10. doi: 10.1155/2022/5911408.
  • 18. Lin G, Dai C., Xu K., and Wu M. Predictive value of neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio and red cell distribution width on death for ST segment elevation myocardial infarction. Sci. Rep. 2021; 11:11506. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-91082-w.
  • 19. A., Bicky Thapa B, Sharma M, Muhsen B, Barnett A, Rauf Yet al. Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio influences impact of steroids on efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors in lung cancer brain metastases, Sci. Rep. 2021;11:7490. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-85328-w.
  • 20. Zhu J., Jiao D., Zhao Y., Guo X., Yue Yang, Xiao H. et al. Development of a predictive model utilizing the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio to predict neoadjuvant chemotherapy efficacy in early breast cancer patients. Sci. Rep. 2021;11:1350. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-80037-2.
  • 21. Jin Z, Cai G., Zhang P, Li X, Yao S, ZhuangL et al. The value of the neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio and platelet‐to‐lymphocyte ratio as complementary diagnostic tools in the diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis: A multicenter retrospective study. J. Clin. Lab. Anal.2021;35. doi: 10.1002/jcla.23569.
  • 22. Hu J., Zhou W., Zhou Z., Han J. and, Dong W. Elevated neutrophil‑to‑lymphocyte and platelet‑to‑lymphocyte ratios predict post‑stroke depression with acute ischemic stroke. Exp. Ther. Med.2020, doi: 10.3892/etm.2020.8514.
  • 23. Uslu A. U., Küçük A., Şahin A., Ugan Y., Yılmaz R., Güngör T., Bağcacı S., Küçükşen S. Two new inflammatory markers associated with Disease Activity Score-28 in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio and platelet-lymphocyte ratio. Int. J. Rheum. Dis.2015;18;731–735. doi: 10.1111/1756-185X.12582.
  • 24. Wolfe F. , ClauwD. J., Fitzcharles,M-A., Goldenberg, D-L., Katz R. S., Mease P, Russell A. S., et al. The American College of Rheumatology Preliminary Diagnostic Criteria for Fibromyalgia and Measurement of Symptom Severity. Arthritis Care Res. 2010; 62:600–610. doi: 10.1002/acr.20140.
  • 25. Wolfe F., Clauw D.J., Fitzcharles M-A., Goldenberg D.L ., Häuser W., Katz R. S.,et al., “Fibromyalgia Criteria and Severity Scales for Clinical and Epidemiological Studies: A Modification of the ACR Preliminary Diagnostic Criteria for Fibromyalgia,” J. Rheumatol.2011;38:1113–1122. Doi: 10.3899/jrheum.100594
  • 26. “Fibromiyalji_Kilavuz.https://www.tftr.org.tr/uploads/FTRDERNEGI-2018-1-Fibromiyalji_Kilavuz.pdf.
  • 27. Wewers M. E. and Lowe N. K. A critical review of visual analogue scales in the measurement of clinical phenomena. Research in Nursing & Health 1990;13:227-236,
  • 28. Downie W. W, Leatham P. A., Rhind V. M., Wright V., Branco J. A. and, Anderson J A Studies with pain rating scales, Ann. Rheum. Dis., 1978:37:378–381.
  • 29. Zetterman T., Markkula R., and Kalso E. Elevated highly sensitive C-reactive protein in fibromyalgia associates with symptom severity. Rheumatol Adv Pract. 2022;6: rkac053. Doi: 10.1093/rap/rkac053
  • 30. Khamisy-Farah M. A., Fund E. and Raibman-Spector S. Inflammatory Markers in the Diagnosis of Fibromyalgia. IMAJ. 2021;23:801–804.
  • 31. Varim C. , Celik F. , C Sunu C., Kalpakci Y., Cengiz H. And Öztop K. Inflammatory Cell Ratios in the Patients With Fibromyalgia. Georgian Med. News. 2021; 315:108–113. PMID:34365435.
  • 32. Jayakrishnan A. K. R., Easwar S.V , Thattil J , Vignesh M., Rath S., Prithvi A. “Studying the Relation Between Fibromyalgia Severity and Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio, Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio, and Mean Platelet Volume.,” Cureus 2022;14:e24847. doi: 10.7759/cureus.24847.
  • 33. Abdou A. G., Hammam M., Saad E., and Hassan R. A. A. The significance of endocan immunohistochemical expression in chronic plaque psoriasis. J. Cosmet. Dermatol.2022; 21:380–386. doi: 10.1111/jocd.14086.
  • 34. Hassan W.A., Behiry E.G., Abdelshafy S., Salem T., and Baraka E.A. Assessment of Endocan Serum Level in Patients with Behçet Disease: Relation to Disease Activity and Carotid Intima Media Thickness. Egypt. J. Immunol. 2020; 27:129–139. PMID:33180395.
  • 35. Balta S., Mikhailidis D.P., Demirkol S., Ozturk C., Celik T., and Iyisoy A. Endocan: A novel inflammatory indicator in cardiovascular disease? Atherosclerosis. 2015; 243:339–43. doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.09.030.
  • 36. Mendieta D., Cruz-Aguilera D.-L., Barrera-Villalpando M. I., Enrique Becerril-Villanueva E.., Arreola R., Hernández-Ferreira E. et al. IL-8 and IL-6 primarily mediate the inflammatory response in fibromyalgia patients. J. Neuroimmunol.2015;290:22–25 doi: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2015.11.011.
  • 37. Peck M. M., Maram R., Mohamed A., Crespo D. O., Kaur G, Ashraf I. The Influence of Pro-inflammatory Cytokines and Genetic Variants in the Development of Fibromyalgia: A Traditional Review. Cureus. 2020;12: e10276, doi: 10.7759/cureus.10276.
  • 38. Rodriguez-Pintó I, Agmon-Levin N., Howard A., and Shoenfeld Y. Fibromyalgia and cytokines. Immunol. Lett 2014; 161:200–203. doi: 10.1016/j.imlet.2014.01.009.
  • 39. Mertoglu C., Gunay , M. and Yerligok O. Could Endocan, a Marker of Inflammation and Endothelial Dysfunction, be a New Diagnostic Marker for Fibromyalgia?. Clin. Lab., 2018;64. doi: 10.7754/Clin.Lab.2017.171024.
  • 40. Taylor A.G., Fischer-White T.G, Anderson J. G., Adelstein K.E., Murugesan M, Lewiset J. E. al. Stress, Inflammation and Pain: A Potential Role for Monocytes in Fibromyalgia-related Symptom Severity. Stress Heal.,2016;32:503–513. doi: 10.1002/smi.2648.
Year 2023, Volume: 40 Issue: 2, 264 - 267, 19.07.2023

Abstract

References

  • 1. Bair M. J,Krebs E.E., Fibromyalgia, Ann. Intern. Med. 2020;172: ITC33. doi: 10.7326/AITC202003030.
  • 2. Sarzi-Puttini P., Giorgi V, Marotto D., Atzeni F., Fibromyalgia: an update on clinical characteristics, aetiopathogenesis and treatment. Nat.Rev. Rheumatol. 2020; 16:645–660. doi: 10.1038/s41584-020-00506-w.
  • 3. Ramírez-Tejero J. A.,. Martínez-Lara E,. Rus A, M. V. Camacho,. Del Moral M. L,Siles E.,Insight into the biological pathways underlying fibromyalgia by a proteomic approach,J. Proteomics 2018;186:47–55. doi: 10.1016/j.jprot.2018.07.009.
  • 4. Qureshi A. G, Jha S. K, Iskander J, C Avanthika C, Jhaveri S, Hitendra V Pat et al.,Diagnostic Challenges and Management of Fibromyalgia, Cureus,2021. doi: 10.7759/cureus.18692.
  • 5. Benlidayi I. C, Role of inflammation in the pathogenesis and treatment of fibromyalgia, Rheumatol. Int. 2019; 39:781–791. doi: 10.1007/s00296-019-04251-6.
  • 6. Theoharides T. C., I. Tsilioni I. Bawazeer Mr Mast Cells, Neuroinflammation and Pain in Fibromyalgia Syndrome. Front. Cell. Neurosci.2019;13 doi: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00353.
  • 7. Rodriguez-Pintó I, Agmon-Levin N, Howard A.,Shoenfeld Y, Fibromyalgia and cytokines. Immunol. Lett.2014;161:200–203. doi: 10.1016/j.imlet.2014.01.009.
  • 8. Uyar ME, Sezer S, Bal Z, Guliyev O, Tutal E, G. Genctoy G et alFibromyalgia and its Clinical Relevance in Renal Transplant Recipients. Transplant. Proc.2015;47:1105–1109. doi: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2015.01.026.
  • 9. Lee J. H,. Cho K. I, Kim S. M., Lee H. G.,Kim T. I., Arterial Stiffness in Female Patients With Fibromyalgia and its Relationship to Chronic Emotional and Physical Stress. Korean Circ. J. 2011;41:596.doi: 10.4070/kcj.2011.41.10.596.
  • 10. Scherpereel A, Gentina T, Grigoriu B, Sénéchal S, Janin A, Tsicopoulos, A et al. Overexpression of endocan induces tumor formation., Cancer Res.2003;63:6084–9. PMID:14522939.
  • 11. Béchard D, Gentina T, Delehedde M, Scherpereel A, Lyon M, Aumercier M, et al. Endocan is a Novel Chondroitin Sulfate/Dermatan Sulfate Proteoglycan That Promotes Hepatocyte Growth Factor/Scatter Factor Mitogenic Activity.J. Biol. Chem. 2001; 276:48341–48349. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M108395200.
  • 12. Nassef E. M, Elabd H. A., Mohamed Ali El Nagger B. M., Hala Mohamed Elzomor H.M, Kotb H. G., Sabry S et al.Serum Endocan Levels and Subclinical Atherosclerosis in Behçet’s SyndromeInt. J. Gen. Med.2022;15:6653–6659. doi: 10.2147/IJGM.S373863.
  • 13. Kali A. and Shetty K. S. R., Endocan: A novel circulating proteoglycan. Indian J. Pharmacol. 2014; 46:579. doi: 10.4103/0253-7613.144891.
  • 14. Omma A, Armaǧan B , Güven S. C.,Sandıkçı S.C., Çolak S, Yücel Çet al. Endocan: A Novel Marker for Colchicine Resistance in Familial Mediterranean Fever Patients? Front. Pediatr.2021;9. doi: 10.3389/fped.2021.788864.
  • 15. Yang J, Yang Q, Yu S, and Zhang X . Endocan: A new marker for cancer and a target for cancer therapy. Biomed. Reports. 2015; 3:279–283. doi: 10.3892/br.2015.438.
  • 16. Gasparyan A. Y., Ayvazyan L., Mukanova U., Yessirkepov M., and G. D. Kitas. The Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio as an Inflammatory Marker in Rheumatic Diseases. Ann. Lab. Med. 2019; 39:345–357. doi: 10.3343/alm.2019.39.4.345.
  • 17. S. Sarejloo, Abadifard E, Othman Z. J., Zafarani F , Khanzadeh M , Sadigh-Eteghad S et al. Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio and Platelet to Lymphocyte Ratio in Poststroke Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Dis. Markers. 2022; 2022:1–10. doi: 10.1155/2022/5911408.
  • 18. Lin G, Dai C., Xu K., and Wu M. Predictive value of neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio and red cell distribution width on death for ST segment elevation myocardial infarction. Sci. Rep. 2021; 11:11506. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-91082-w.
  • 19. A., Bicky Thapa B, Sharma M, Muhsen B, Barnett A, Rauf Yet al. Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio influences impact of steroids on efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors in lung cancer brain metastases, Sci. Rep. 2021;11:7490. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-85328-w.
  • 20. Zhu J., Jiao D., Zhao Y., Guo X., Yue Yang, Xiao H. et al. Development of a predictive model utilizing the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio to predict neoadjuvant chemotherapy efficacy in early breast cancer patients. Sci. Rep. 2021;11:1350. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-80037-2.
  • 21. Jin Z, Cai G., Zhang P, Li X, Yao S, ZhuangL et al. The value of the neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio and platelet‐to‐lymphocyte ratio as complementary diagnostic tools in the diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis: A multicenter retrospective study. J. Clin. Lab. Anal.2021;35. doi: 10.1002/jcla.23569.
  • 22. Hu J., Zhou W., Zhou Z., Han J. and, Dong W. Elevated neutrophil‑to‑lymphocyte and platelet‑to‑lymphocyte ratios predict post‑stroke depression with acute ischemic stroke. Exp. Ther. Med.2020, doi: 10.3892/etm.2020.8514.
  • 23. Uslu A. U., Küçük A., Şahin A., Ugan Y., Yılmaz R., Güngör T., Bağcacı S., Küçükşen S. Two new inflammatory markers associated with Disease Activity Score-28 in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio and platelet-lymphocyte ratio. Int. J. Rheum. Dis.2015;18;731–735. doi: 10.1111/1756-185X.12582.
  • 24. Wolfe F. , ClauwD. J., Fitzcharles,M-A., Goldenberg, D-L., Katz R. S., Mease P, Russell A. S., et al. The American College of Rheumatology Preliminary Diagnostic Criteria for Fibromyalgia and Measurement of Symptom Severity. Arthritis Care Res. 2010; 62:600–610. doi: 10.1002/acr.20140.
  • 25. Wolfe F., Clauw D.J., Fitzcharles M-A., Goldenberg D.L ., Häuser W., Katz R. S.,et al., “Fibromyalgia Criteria and Severity Scales for Clinical and Epidemiological Studies: A Modification of the ACR Preliminary Diagnostic Criteria for Fibromyalgia,” J. Rheumatol.2011;38:1113–1122. Doi: 10.3899/jrheum.100594
  • 26. “Fibromiyalji_Kilavuz.https://www.tftr.org.tr/uploads/FTRDERNEGI-2018-1-Fibromiyalji_Kilavuz.pdf.
  • 27. Wewers M. E. and Lowe N. K. A critical review of visual analogue scales in the measurement of clinical phenomena. Research in Nursing & Health 1990;13:227-236,
  • 28. Downie W. W, Leatham P. A., Rhind V. M., Wright V., Branco J. A. and, Anderson J A Studies with pain rating scales, Ann. Rheum. Dis., 1978:37:378–381.
  • 29. Zetterman T., Markkula R., and Kalso E. Elevated highly sensitive C-reactive protein in fibromyalgia associates with symptom severity. Rheumatol Adv Pract. 2022;6: rkac053. Doi: 10.1093/rap/rkac053
  • 30. Khamisy-Farah M. A., Fund E. and Raibman-Spector S. Inflammatory Markers in the Diagnosis of Fibromyalgia. IMAJ. 2021;23:801–804.
  • 31. Varim C. , Celik F. , C Sunu C., Kalpakci Y., Cengiz H. And Öztop K. Inflammatory Cell Ratios in the Patients With Fibromyalgia. Georgian Med. News. 2021; 315:108–113. PMID:34365435.
  • 32. Jayakrishnan A. K. R., Easwar S.V , Thattil J , Vignesh M., Rath S., Prithvi A. “Studying the Relation Between Fibromyalgia Severity and Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio, Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio, and Mean Platelet Volume.,” Cureus 2022;14:e24847. doi: 10.7759/cureus.24847.
  • 33. Abdou A. G., Hammam M., Saad E., and Hassan R. A. A. The significance of endocan immunohistochemical expression in chronic plaque psoriasis. J. Cosmet. Dermatol.2022; 21:380–386. doi: 10.1111/jocd.14086.
  • 34. Hassan W.A., Behiry E.G., Abdelshafy S., Salem T., and Baraka E.A. Assessment of Endocan Serum Level in Patients with Behçet Disease: Relation to Disease Activity and Carotid Intima Media Thickness. Egypt. J. Immunol. 2020; 27:129–139. PMID:33180395.
  • 35. Balta S., Mikhailidis D.P., Demirkol S., Ozturk C., Celik T., and Iyisoy A. Endocan: A novel inflammatory indicator in cardiovascular disease? Atherosclerosis. 2015; 243:339–43. doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.09.030.
  • 36. Mendieta D., Cruz-Aguilera D.-L., Barrera-Villalpando M. I., Enrique Becerril-Villanueva E.., Arreola R., Hernández-Ferreira E. et al. IL-8 and IL-6 primarily mediate the inflammatory response in fibromyalgia patients. J. Neuroimmunol.2015;290:22–25 doi: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2015.11.011.
  • 37. Peck M. M., Maram R., Mohamed A., Crespo D. O., Kaur G, Ashraf I. The Influence of Pro-inflammatory Cytokines and Genetic Variants in the Development of Fibromyalgia: A Traditional Review. Cureus. 2020;12: e10276, doi: 10.7759/cureus.10276.
  • 38. Rodriguez-Pintó I, Agmon-Levin N., Howard A., and Shoenfeld Y. Fibromyalgia and cytokines. Immunol. Lett 2014; 161:200–203. doi: 10.1016/j.imlet.2014.01.009.
  • 39. Mertoglu C., Gunay , M. and Yerligok O. Could Endocan, a Marker of Inflammation and Endothelial Dysfunction, be a New Diagnostic Marker for Fibromyalgia?. Clin. Lab., 2018;64. doi: 10.7754/Clin.Lab.2017.171024.
  • 40. Taylor A.G., Fischer-White T.G, Anderson J. G., Adelstein K.E., Murugesan M, Lewiset J. E. al. Stress, Inflammation and Pain: A Potential Role for Monocytes in Fibromyalgia-related Symptom Severity. Stress Heal.,2016;32:503–513. doi: 10.1002/smi.2648.
There are 40 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Nevsun Pıhtılı Taş 0000-0003-0202-6426

Pinar Öner 0000-0001-9592-5986

Rabia Aydogan Baykara 0000-0003-0542-266X

Özlem Aytaç 0000-0002-3305-6284

Feray Ferda Şenol 0000-0003-4705-5757

Early Pub Date August 1, 2023
Publication Date July 19, 2023
Submission Date December 17, 2022
Acceptance Date March 17, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 40 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Pıhtılı Taş, N., Öner, P., Aydogan Baykara, R., Aytaç, Ö., et al. (2023). Disease Severity and Serum Endocan Levels in Fibromyalgia Patients. Journal of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, 40(2), 264-267.
AMA Pıhtılı Taş N, Öner P, Aydogan Baykara R, Aytaç Ö, Şenol FF. Disease Severity and Serum Endocan Levels in Fibromyalgia Patients. J. Exp. Clin. Med. July 2023;40(2):264-267.
Chicago Pıhtılı Taş, Nevsun, Pinar Öner, Rabia Aydogan Baykara, Özlem Aytaç, and Feray Ferda Şenol. “Disease Severity and Serum Endocan Levels in Fibromyalgia Patients”. Journal of Experimental and Clinical Medicine 40, no. 2 (July 2023): 264-67.
EndNote Pıhtılı Taş N, Öner P, Aydogan Baykara R, Aytaç Ö, Şenol FF (July 1, 2023) Disease Severity and Serum Endocan Levels in Fibromyalgia Patients. Journal of Experimental and Clinical Medicine 40 2 264–267.
IEEE N. Pıhtılı Taş, P. Öner, R. Aydogan Baykara, Ö. Aytaç, and F. F. Şenol, “Disease Severity and Serum Endocan Levels in Fibromyalgia Patients”, J. Exp. Clin. Med., vol. 40, no. 2, pp. 264–267, 2023.
ISNAD Pıhtılı Taş, Nevsun et al. “Disease Severity and Serum Endocan Levels in Fibromyalgia Patients”. Journal of Experimental and Clinical Medicine 40/2 (July 2023), 264-267.
JAMA Pıhtılı Taş N, Öner P, Aydogan Baykara R, Aytaç Ö, Şenol FF. Disease Severity and Serum Endocan Levels in Fibromyalgia Patients. J. Exp. Clin. Med. 2023;40:264–267.
MLA Pıhtılı Taş, Nevsun et al. “Disease Severity and Serum Endocan Levels in Fibromyalgia Patients”. Journal of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, vol. 40, no. 2, 2023, pp. 264-7.
Vancouver Pıhtılı Taş N, Öner P, Aydogan Baykara R, Aytaç Ö, Şenol FF. Disease Severity and Serum Endocan Levels in Fibromyalgia Patients. J. Exp. Clin. Med. 2023;40(2):264-7.