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Influence of Initial Displacement on Union in Collum Femoris Fractures

Year 2024, Volume: 46 Issue: 1, 23 - 31, 16.01.2024
https://doi.org/10.20515/otd.1345398

Abstract

Many factors affect the union of the fracture in collum femoris fractures in adults. We aimed to examine the relationship between the preoperative displacement, the postoperative displacement, and the preoperative waiting time with the union of the fracture. The present study was carried out retrospectively with 52 patients. The patients were divided into three groups according to the union time. Fracture union took 12 weeks or less constituted Group 1 (n=25), patients with the union over 12 weeks constituted Group 2 (n=19), and patients with nonunion formed Group 3 (n=8). Computed tomography was used for the preoperative measurements, and postoperative displacement measurements were made with X-ray.There was no statistically significant difference between the 3 groups regarding the preoperative waiting time and postoperative displacement. While there was no statistically significant difference between Groups 1 and 3, and Groups 2 and 3 for preoperative displacement, the difference was statistically significant in the comparison of Groups 1 and 2 (p=0.046). Between Groups 1 and 2, it was observed with 78.3% accuracy, 73.7% sensitivity, and 72% specificity that there was delayed union in patients with the preoperative displacement of 9.5 mm and above.In the present study, in which the relationship between initial displacement, postoperative displacement, and preoperative waiting time with the fracture union was examined, it was concluded that delayed fracture union could occur when the initial displacement is more than 9.5 mm.

References

  • 1. Schemitsch E, Bhandari M. Femoral neck fractures: Controversies and evidence. J Orthop Trauma. 2009 ;23(6):385.
  • 2. Panteli M, Rodham P, Giannoudis P V. Biomechanical rationale for implant choices in femoral neck fracture fixation in the non-elderly. Injury. 2015;46(3):445–52.
  • 3. Ly T V, Swiontkowski MF. Treatment of femoral neck fractures in young adults. Instr Course Lect. 2009;58:69–81.
  • 4. Saad A, Patralekh MK, Jain VK, Shrestha S, Botchu R, Iyengar KP. Femoral neck system reduces surgical time and complications in adults with femoral neck fractures: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Orthop Trauma. 2022;30:101917.
  • 5. Agar A, Utkan A. The Effect of Anatomical Reduction on Functional Outcomes in Femoral Neck Fracture: A Novel Modified Garden Index. Cureus [Internet]. 2021;13(11).
  • 6. Damany DS, Parker MJ, Chojnowski A. Complications after intracapsular hip fractures in young adults: A meta-analysis of 18 published studies involving 564 fractures. Injury. 2005;36(1):131–41.
  • 7. Yang JJ, Lin LC, Chao KH, Chuang SY, Wu CC, Yeh T Te, et al. Risk factors for nonunion in patients with intracapsular femoral neck fractures treated with three cannulated screws placed in either a triangle or an inverted triangle configuration. J Bone Jt Surg - Ser A. 2013;95(1):61–9.
  • 8. Oakes DA, Jackson KR, Davies MR, Ehrhart KM, Zohman GL, Koval KJ, et al. The impact of the garden classification on proposed operative treatment. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2003 ;409(409):232–40.
  • 9. Kazley JM, Banerjee S, Abousayed MM, Rosenbaum AJ. Classifications in Brief: Garden Classification of Femoral Neck Fractures. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2018;476(2):441.
  • 10. Femur. J Orthop Trauma. 2018;32:S33–44.
  • 11. Alho A, Benterud JG, Rønningen H, Hoiseth A. Radiographic prediction of early failure in femoral neck fracture. Acta Orthop Scand. 1991;62(5):422–6.
  • 12. Zlowodzki M, Ayieni O, Petrisor BA, Bhandari M. Femoral neck shortening after fracture fixation with multiple cancellous screws: Incidence and effect on function. J Trauma - Inj Infect Crit Care. 2008;64(1):163–9.
  • 13. Alho A, Benterud JG, Solovieva S. Internally fixed femoral neck fractures. Early prediction of failure in 203 elderly patients with displaced fractures. Acta Orthop Scand. 1999;70(2):141–4.
  • 14. Schmidt AH, Swiontkowski MF. Femoral Neck Fractures. Orthop Clin North Am. 2002;33(1):97–111.
  • 15. Tooke SMT, Favero KJ. Femoral neck fractures in skeletally mature patients, fifty years old or less. J Bone Jt Surg - Ser A. 1985;67(8):1255–60.
  • 16. Pauyo T, Drager J, Albers A, Harvey EJ. Management of femoral neck fractures in the young patient: A critical analysis review. World J Orthop. 2014;5(3):204–17.
  • 17. Manninger J, Kazar G, Fekete G, Nagy E, Zolczer L, Frenyo S. Avoidance of avascular necrosis of the femoral head, following fractures of the femoral neck, by early reduction and internal fixation. Injury. 1985;16(7):437–48.
  • 18. Jain R, Koo M, Kreder HJ, Schemitsch EH, Davey JR, Mahomed NN. Comparison of early and delayed fixation of subcapital hip fractures in patients sixty years of age or less. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2002;84(9):1605–12.
  • 19. Upadhyay A, Jain P, Mishra P, Maini L, Gautum VK, Dhaon BK. Delayed internal fixation of fractures of the neck of the femur in young adults. A prospective, randomised study comparing closed and open reduction. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2004;86(7):1035–40.
  • 20. Butt MF, Dhar SA, Gani N ul, Farooq M, Mir MR, Halwai MA, et al. Delayed fixation of displaced femoral neck fractures in younger adults. Injury. 2008;39(2):238–43.
  • 21. Chan DS. Femoral Neck Fractures in Young Patients: State of the Art. J Orthop Trauma. 2019;33:S7–11.
  • 22. Kyle RF. Fractures of the femoral neck. Instr Course Lect. 2009;58:61–8.
  • 23. Haidukewych GJ, Rothwell WS, Jacofsky DJ, Torchia ME, Berry DJ. Operative treatment of femoral neck fractures in patients between the ages of fifteen and fifty years. J Bone Jt Surg. 2004;86(8):1711–6.
  • 24. Gotfried Y, Kovalenko S, Fuchs D. Nonanatomical reduction of displaced subcapital femoral fractures (Gotfried reduction). J Orthop Trauma. 2013;27(11):e254–9.
  • 25. Parker MJ, Raghavan R, Gurusamy K. Incidence of fracture-healing complications after femoral neck fractures. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2007;458:175–9.
  • 26. Van Embden D, Rhemrev SJ, Genelin F, Meylaerts SAG, Roukema GR. The reliability of a simplified Garden classification for intracapsular hip fractures. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res. 2012;98(4):405–8.
  • 27. Frandsen PA, Andersen E, Madsen F, Skjodt T. Garden’s classification of femoral neck fractures. An assessment of inter-observer variation. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1988;70(4):588–90.
  • 28. Duckworth AD, Bennet SJ, Aderinto J, Keating JF. Fixation of intracapsular fractures of the femoral neck in young patients: risk factors for failure. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2011;93(6):811–6.
  • 29. Schweitzer D, Melero P, Zylberberg A, Salabarrieta J, Urrutia J. Factors associated with avascular necrosis of the femoral head and nonunion in patients younger than 65 years with displaced femoral neck fractures treated with reduction and internal fixation. Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol. 2013 ;23(1):61–5.

Femur Boyun Kırıklarında Başlangıç Deplasmanının Kırık Kaynamasındaki Önemi

Year 2024, Volume: 46 Issue: 1, 23 - 31, 16.01.2024
https://doi.org/10.20515/otd.1345398

Abstract

Erişkin kollum femoris kırıklarında birçok faktör kırığın kaynamasını etkiler. Bu çalışmada preoperatif deplasman miktarı, postoperatif deplasman miktarı ve ameliyat öncesi bekleme süresi ile kırık kaynaması arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemeyi amaçladık. Çalışma retrospektif olarak 52 hasta ile gerçekleştirildi. Hastalar kaynama zamanına göre üç gruba ayrıldı. 12 hafta ve daha kısa sürede kaynama olan hastalar Grup 1 (n=25), kaynama süresi 12 haftayı geçen hastalar Grup 2 (n=19), kaynamayan hastalar Grup 3 (n=8) olarak belirlendi. Ameliyat öncesi ölçümlerde bilgisayarlı tomografi, ameliyat sonrası yer değiştirme ölçümleri ise direk grafi ile yapıldı.Preoperatif bekleme süresi ve postoperatif deplasman bakımından 3 grup arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark yoktu. Preoperatif deplasman açısından Grup 1 ve 3 ile Grup 2 ve 3 arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark bulunmazken, Grup 1 ve 2 karşılaştırıldığında fark istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulundu (p=0,046). Grup 1 ve 2 arasındaki değerlendirmede preoperatif deplasmanın 9,5 mm ve üzerinde olan hastalarda %78,3 doğruluk, %73,7 duyarlılık ve %72 özgüllük ile kaynamada gecikme olduğu görüldü. Kırık kaynaması ile başlangıç deplasmanı, postoperatif deplasman ve ameliyat öncesi bekleme süresi arasındaki ilişkinin incelendiği bu çalışmada başlangıç deplasmanının 9,5 mm'den daha fazla olduğu kollum femoris kırıklarında kırık kaynamasının geçiktiği görüldü.

References

  • 1. Schemitsch E, Bhandari M. Femoral neck fractures: Controversies and evidence. J Orthop Trauma. 2009 ;23(6):385.
  • 2. Panteli M, Rodham P, Giannoudis P V. Biomechanical rationale for implant choices in femoral neck fracture fixation in the non-elderly. Injury. 2015;46(3):445–52.
  • 3. Ly T V, Swiontkowski MF. Treatment of femoral neck fractures in young adults. Instr Course Lect. 2009;58:69–81.
  • 4. Saad A, Patralekh MK, Jain VK, Shrestha S, Botchu R, Iyengar KP. Femoral neck system reduces surgical time and complications in adults with femoral neck fractures: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Orthop Trauma. 2022;30:101917.
  • 5. Agar A, Utkan A. The Effect of Anatomical Reduction on Functional Outcomes in Femoral Neck Fracture: A Novel Modified Garden Index. Cureus [Internet]. 2021;13(11).
  • 6. Damany DS, Parker MJ, Chojnowski A. Complications after intracapsular hip fractures in young adults: A meta-analysis of 18 published studies involving 564 fractures. Injury. 2005;36(1):131–41.
  • 7. Yang JJ, Lin LC, Chao KH, Chuang SY, Wu CC, Yeh T Te, et al. Risk factors for nonunion in patients with intracapsular femoral neck fractures treated with three cannulated screws placed in either a triangle or an inverted triangle configuration. J Bone Jt Surg - Ser A. 2013;95(1):61–9.
  • 8. Oakes DA, Jackson KR, Davies MR, Ehrhart KM, Zohman GL, Koval KJ, et al. The impact of the garden classification on proposed operative treatment. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2003 ;409(409):232–40.
  • 9. Kazley JM, Banerjee S, Abousayed MM, Rosenbaum AJ. Classifications in Brief: Garden Classification of Femoral Neck Fractures. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2018;476(2):441.
  • 10. Femur. J Orthop Trauma. 2018;32:S33–44.
  • 11. Alho A, Benterud JG, Rønningen H, Hoiseth A. Radiographic prediction of early failure in femoral neck fracture. Acta Orthop Scand. 1991;62(5):422–6.
  • 12. Zlowodzki M, Ayieni O, Petrisor BA, Bhandari M. Femoral neck shortening after fracture fixation with multiple cancellous screws: Incidence and effect on function. J Trauma - Inj Infect Crit Care. 2008;64(1):163–9.
  • 13. Alho A, Benterud JG, Solovieva S. Internally fixed femoral neck fractures. Early prediction of failure in 203 elderly patients with displaced fractures. Acta Orthop Scand. 1999;70(2):141–4.
  • 14. Schmidt AH, Swiontkowski MF. Femoral Neck Fractures. Orthop Clin North Am. 2002;33(1):97–111.
  • 15. Tooke SMT, Favero KJ. Femoral neck fractures in skeletally mature patients, fifty years old or less. J Bone Jt Surg - Ser A. 1985;67(8):1255–60.
  • 16. Pauyo T, Drager J, Albers A, Harvey EJ. Management of femoral neck fractures in the young patient: A critical analysis review. World J Orthop. 2014;5(3):204–17.
  • 17. Manninger J, Kazar G, Fekete G, Nagy E, Zolczer L, Frenyo S. Avoidance of avascular necrosis of the femoral head, following fractures of the femoral neck, by early reduction and internal fixation. Injury. 1985;16(7):437–48.
  • 18. Jain R, Koo M, Kreder HJ, Schemitsch EH, Davey JR, Mahomed NN. Comparison of early and delayed fixation of subcapital hip fractures in patients sixty years of age or less. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2002;84(9):1605–12.
  • 19. Upadhyay A, Jain P, Mishra P, Maini L, Gautum VK, Dhaon BK. Delayed internal fixation of fractures of the neck of the femur in young adults. A prospective, randomised study comparing closed and open reduction. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2004;86(7):1035–40.
  • 20. Butt MF, Dhar SA, Gani N ul, Farooq M, Mir MR, Halwai MA, et al. Delayed fixation of displaced femoral neck fractures in younger adults. Injury. 2008;39(2):238–43.
  • 21. Chan DS. Femoral Neck Fractures in Young Patients: State of the Art. J Orthop Trauma. 2019;33:S7–11.
  • 22. Kyle RF. Fractures of the femoral neck. Instr Course Lect. 2009;58:61–8.
  • 23. Haidukewych GJ, Rothwell WS, Jacofsky DJ, Torchia ME, Berry DJ. Operative treatment of femoral neck fractures in patients between the ages of fifteen and fifty years. J Bone Jt Surg. 2004;86(8):1711–6.
  • 24. Gotfried Y, Kovalenko S, Fuchs D. Nonanatomical reduction of displaced subcapital femoral fractures (Gotfried reduction). J Orthop Trauma. 2013;27(11):e254–9.
  • 25. Parker MJ, Raghavan R, Gurusamy K. Incidence of fracture-healing complications after femoral neck fractures. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2007;458:175–9.
  • 26. Van Embden D, Rhemrev SJ, Genelin F, Meylaerts SAG, Roukema GR. The reliability of a simplified Garden classification for intracapsular hip fractures. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res. 2012;98(4):405–8.
  • 27. Frandsen PA, Andersen E, Madsen F, Skjodt T. Garden’s classification of femoral neck fractures. An assessment of inter-observer variation. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1988;70(4):588–90.
  • 28. Duckworth AD, Bennet SJ, Aderinto J, Keating JF. Fixation of intracapsular fractures of the femoral neck in young patients: risk factors for failure. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2011;93(6):811–6.
  • 29. Schweitzer D, Melero P, Zylberberg A, Salabarrieta J, Urrutia J. Factors associated with avascular necrosis of the femoral head and nonunion in patients younger than 65 years with displaced femoral neck fractures treated with reduction and internal fixation. Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol. 2013 ;23(1):61–5.
There are 29 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Orthopaedics
Journal Section ORİJİNAL MAKALE
Authors

Hayati Kart 0000-0002-7758-3377

Ziya Shammadli 0000-0003-1501-0108

Özgür Baysal 0000-0001-5150-8857

Murat Kaya 0000-0001-8751-9603

Bülent Erol 0000-0001-7099-6374

Publication Date January 16, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 46 Issue: 1

Cite

Vancouver Kart H, Shammadli Z, Baysal Ö, Kaya M, Erol B. Influence of Initial Displacement on Union in Collum Femoris Fractures. Osmangazi Tıp Dergisi. 2024;46(1):23-31.


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