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COVID-19 Pandemi Sürecinde Çocuklardaki İnternet Bağımlılığı, Siber Mağduriyet Düzeyleri ve Algılanan Ebeveyn İzleminin İncelenmesi

Year 2022, Volume: 12 Issue: 1, 65 - 72, 14.01.2022
https://doi.org/10.33631/sabd.1055300

Abstract

süreleri artırdı. İnsanların evlerinde geçirilen sürelerine paralel olarak internette geçirdikleri süreler de arttı. Bu çalışma da bu gelişmelerin internet üzerinden zorbalığa uğrama ile olan ilişkisinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır.
Gereç ve Yöntemler: Katılımcılara çevrimiçi ortam üzerinden ulaşıldı. Annelerden; Sosyo-demografik form, Aile-Çocuk İnternet Bağımlılık Ölçeği, çocuklardan ise Siber Mağduriyet Ölçeği, Anne Baba İzleme Ölçeği doldurmaları istenmiştir. Katılmayı kabul eden katılımcılardan bilgilendirilmiş onamları alınmıştır. Toplam 104 anne ve çocuk ile çalışma tamamlanmıştır.
Bulgular: Kız cinsiyette, yaş ile siber mağduriyet ölçek puanları arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı pozitif yönlü zayıf bir ilişki bulunmuştur (r: 0,308, p=0,028). Sosyal medya hesabı olan çocuk ve ergenlerin siber mağduriyet puanları olmayanlara göre istatistiksel olarak anlamlı düzeyde daha yüksek bulunmuştur(p=0,002). Ölçeklerin birbirleri ile olan ilişkileri değerlendirildiğinde Aile-Çocuk İnternet Bağımlılık Ölçeği ile Siber mağduriyet düzeyleri arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı pozitif yönde zayıf bir ilişki olduğu saptanmıştır (r=0,248 p=0,011). Ergen grubunda hem Aile-Çocuk İnternet Bağımlılık Ölçeği hem de Siber mağduriyet ölçeği ile kısıtlayıcı izlem arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı pozitif yönde zayıf düzeyde ilişki bulunmaktadır (r=0,345 p=0,019; r=0,345 p=0,019).
Sonuç: COVID-19 sürecinde internet bağımlılığı ve siber mağduriyet gençler arasında hızla artmaktadır. Yaşın artması ve sosyal medya hesaplarının olması çocuk ve ergenlerde siber mağduriyet açısından risk yaratmaktadır. Aileler bu süreçte çocukları yakından izlemeli, internet kullanımı ve siber mağduriyet hakkında doğru bilgilendirmeler yapmalıdır, sınır koyma da aşırı kısıtlayıcı olmaktan kaçınmalıdırlar.

References

  • Dubey MJ, Ghosh R, Chatterjee S, Biswas P, Chatterjee S, Dubey S. COVID-19 and addiction. Diabetes Metab Syndr. 2020; 14(5): 817-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsx.2020.06.008.
  • Dong H, Yang F, Lu X, Hao W. Internet addiction and related psychological factors among children and adolescents in china during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic. Front Psychiatry. 2020; 11: 00751. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00751
  • Coskun M, Hajdini A, Alnak A, Karayagmurlu A. Internet use habits, parental control and psychiatric comorbidity in young subjects with asperger syndrome. J Autism Dev Disord. 2020; 50(1): 171-9.
  • Shapira NA, Lessig MC, Goldsmith TD, Szabo ST, Lazoritz M, Gold MS, et al. Problematic internet use: proposed classification and diagnostic criteria. Depress Anxiety. 2003; 17(4): 207-16. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.10094.
  • Lin MP. Prevalence of ınternet addiction during the covıd-19 outbreak and ıts risk factors among junior high school students in taiwan. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020; 17(22):8 547. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17228547
  • Cheng C, Lau YC, Luk JW. Social capital-accrual, escape-from-self, and time-displacement effects of ınternet use during the covıd-19 stay-at-home period: Prospective, quantitative survey study. J Med Internet Res. 2020; 22(12): e22740. https://doi.org/10.2196/22740.
  • Chang FC, Chiu CH, Miao NF, Chen PH, Lee CM, Huang TF, et al. Online gaming and risks predict cyberbullying perpetration and victimization in adolescents. Int J Public Health. 2015; 60(2): 257-66. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00038-014-0643-x.
  • Wright MF, Wachs S. Adolescents' cyber victimization: The Influence of technologies, gender, and gender stereotype traits. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020; 17(4): 1293. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17041293
  • Marco JH, Tormo-Irun MP. Cyber victimization is associated with eating disorder psychopathology in adolescents. Front Psychol. 2018;9:987. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00987.
  • Yang F. Coping strategies, cyberbullying behaviors, and depression among Chinese netizens during the COVID-19 pandemic: a web-based nationwide survey. J Affect Disord. 2021; 281: 138-44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.12.023
  • Chan SF, La Greca AM, Peugh JL. Cyber victimization, cyber aggression, and adolescent alcohol use: Short-term prospective and reciprocal associations. J Adolesc. 2019; 74: 13-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2019.05.003.
  • Wang W, Li D, Li X, Wang Y, Sun W, Zhao L, et al. Parent-adolescent relationship and adolescent internet addiction: A moderated mediation model. Addict Behav. 2018; 84: 171-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.04.015.
  • Schaefer ES. Children’s reports of parental behavior: An inventory. Child Development. 1965; 36(2): 413-24.
  • Kındap Y, Sayıl M, Kumru A. Anneden algılanan kontrolün niteliği ile ergenin psikososyal uyumu ve arkadaşlıkları arasındaki ilişkiler: Benlik değerinin aracı rolü. Türk Psikoloji Dergisi. 2008; 23(61): 92-107.
  • Faul F, Erdfelder E, Buchner A, Lang AG. Statistical power analyses using G*Power 3.1: Tests for correlation and regression analyses. Behavior Research Methods 2009; 41: 1149-60. https://doi.org//10.3758/BRM.41.4.1149
  • Eşgi N. Aile-Çocuk İnternet Bağımlılık Ölçeği’nin Türkçeye uyarlanması: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Kastamonu Eğitim Dergisi. 2014; 22(2): 807-39.
  • Aricak O, Tanrikulu T, Kinay H. Siber mağduriyet ölçeğinin ilk psikometrik bulguları. Akdeniz Eğitim Araştırmaları Dergisi. 2012; 6(11): 1-6.
  • Cottrell SA, Branstetter S, Cottrell L, Harris CV, Rishel C, Stanton BF. Development and Validation of a parental monitoring instrument: Measuring how parents monitor adolescents’ activities and risk behaviors. The Family Journal. 2007; 15(4): 328-35. https://doi.org/10.1177/1066480707303748
  • Karataş H, Öztürk C. Anne-Baba İzleme Ölçeğinin psikometrik özellikleri. Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi 2011; 12: 151-7.
  • Wachs S, Junger M, Sittichai R. Traditional, Cyber and combined bullying roles: Differences in risky online and offline activities. Societies. 2015; 5(1): 109-35. https://doi.org//10.3390/soc501010
  • König A, Gollwitzer M, Steffgen G. Cyberbullying as an act of revenge? Australian Journal of Guidance and Counselling, 2010; 20: 210-24. https://doi.org/10.1375/ajgc.20.2.210
  • Erdur-Baker Ö. Cyberbullying and its correlation to traditional bullying, gender and frequent and risky usage of internet-mediated communication tools. New Media & Society. 2010; 12(1): 109-25. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444809341260
  • Huang Y, Chou C. An analysis of multiple factors of cyberbullying among junior high school students in Taiwan. Computers in Human Behavior. 2010; 26(6): 1581-90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2010.06.005
  • Navarro R, Larrañaga E, Yubero S. Bullying-victimization problems and aggressive tendencies in Spanish secondary schools students: the role of gender stereotypical traits. Soc Psychol Educ. 2011; 14(4): 457-73. https://doi.org/10.1007/S11218-011-9163-1
  • Beale AV, Hall KR. Cyberbullying: What school administrators (and parents) can do. the clearing house: a journal of educational strategies. Issues and Ideas. 2007; 81(1): 8-12. https://doi.org//10.3200/TCHS.81.1.8-12
  • Manap A. İlköğretim ikinci kademe öğrencileri ve siber zorbalık: Samsun ili örneği. [YÖK Ulusal Tez Merkezi]: Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi; 2012.
  • Mendez I, Jorquera AB, Esteban CR, Garcia-Fernandez JM. Profiles of problematic ınternet use in bullying and cyberbullying among adolescents. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020; 17(19): 7041. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17197041.
  • Underwood MK, Ehrenreich SE. The power and the pain of adolescents' digital communication: Cyber victimization and the perils of lurking. Am Psychol. 2017; 72(2): 144-58. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0040429
  • Görzig A, Frumkin LA. Cyberbullying experiences on-the-go: When social media can become distressing. Cyberpsychology: Journal of Psychosocial Research on Cyberspace, 2013; 7(1): 4. https://doi.org//10.5817/CP2013-1-4
  • Mishna F, Saini M, Solomon S. Ongoing and online: Children and youth’s perceptions of cyber bullying. Children and Youth Services Review. 2009; 31(12): 1222-8. https://doi.org//10.1016/j.childyouth.2009.05.004
  • Heim J, Brandtzæg PB, Kaare BH, Endestad T, Torgersen L. Children’s usage of media technologies and psychosocial factors. New Media & Society. 2007; 9(3): 425-54. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444807076971
  • Li X, Stanton B, Feigelman S. Impact of perceived parental monitoring on adolescent risk behavior over 4 years. J Adolesc Health. 2000; 27(1): 49-56. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1054-139x(00)00092-6.

The Investigation of Internet Addiction, Cyber Victimization Levels and Perception of Parental Monitoring in Children During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Year 2022, Volume: 12 Issue: 1, 65 - 72, 14.01.2022
https://doi.org/10.33631/sabd.1055300

Abstract

Aim: People struggle with COVID-19 on all over the world last year and the time people spend at home has increased due to pandemic. In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between cyber victimization and COVID-19 pandemic in children.
Material and Methods: The data consist of 104 mother and child who answered the scales with the help of the online environment by Google questionnaire method. Participants were asked to fill in the socio-demographic form, the Parent-Child Internet Addiction Test, the Cyber victimization scale, the Parental Monitoring Instrument. This study was approved by the ethics committee of Düzce University Faculty of Medicine clinical studies ethics committee.
Results: In this study a statistically significant weak correlation was found between the age of female gender and the cyber victimization scale (r: 0.308, p = 0.028). Having a social media account is statistically significantly associated with Cyber victimization scores (p = 0.002). When the relationships of the scales with each other was evaluated, it was found that there was a statistically significant positive weak relationship between the Parent- Child Internet Addiction Test and the CVS scores (r = 0.248 p = 0.011). There is a statistically significant positive weak correlation between both Parent- Child Internet Addiction Test and Cyber victimization scores and restrictive follow-up (r=0,327 p=0,019; r=0,345 p=0,019).
Conclusion: Internet addiction and cyber victimization are rapidly increasing among children. Older age and having a social media account seem to be risk factors for cyber victimization. Families should follow up children closely and inform their children about harm of excessive use of internet in these ages.

References

  • Dubey MJ, Ghosh R, Chatterjee S, Biswas P, Chatterjee S, Dubey S. COVID-19 and addiction. Diabetes Metab Syndr. 2020; 14(5): 817-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsx.2020.06.008.
  • Dong H, Yang F, Lu X, Hao W. Internet addiction and related psychological factors among children and adolescents in china during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic. Front Psychiatry. 2020; 11: 00751. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00751
  • Coskun M, Hajdini A, Alnak A, Karayagmurlu A. Internet use habits, parental control and psychiatric comorbidity in young subjects with asperger syndrome. J Autism Dev Disord. 2020; 50(1): 171-9.
  • Shapira NA, Lessig MC, Goldsmith TD, Szabo ST, Lazoritz M, Gold MS, et al. Problematic internet use: proposed classification and diagnostic criteria. Depress Anxiety. 2003; 17(4): 207-16. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.10094.
  • Lin MP. Prevalence of ınternet addiction during the covıd-19 outbreak and ıts risk factors among junior high school students in taiwan. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020; 17(22):8 547. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17228547
  • Cheng C, Lau YC, Luk JW. Social capital-accrual, escape-from-self, and time-displacement effects of ınternet use during the covıd-19 stay-at-home period: Prospective, quantitative survey study. J Med Internet Res. 2020; 22(12): e22740. https://doi.org/10.2196/22740.
  • Chang FC, Chiu CH, Miao NF, Chen PH, Lee CM, Huang TF, et al. Online gaming and risks predict cyberbullying perpetration and victimization in adolescents. Int J Public Health. 2015; 60(2): 257-66. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00038-014-0643-x.
  • Wright MF, Wachs S. Adolescents' cyber victimization: The Influence of technologies, gender, and gender stereotype traits. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020; 17(4): 1293. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17041293
  • Marco JH, Tormo-Irun MP. Cyber victimization is associated with eating disorder psychopathology in adolescents. Front Psychol. 2018;9:987. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00987.
  • Yang F. Coping strategies, cyberbullying behaviors, and depression among Chinese netizens during the COVID-19 pandemic: a web-based nationwide survey. J Affect Disord. 2021; 281: 138-44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.12.023
  • Chan SF, La Greca AM, Peugh JL. Cyber victimization, cyber aggression, and adolescent alcohol use: Short-term prospective and reciprocal associations. J Adolesc. 2019; 74: 13-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2019.05.003.
  • Wang W, Li D, Li X, Wang Y, Sun W, Zhao L, et al. Parent-adolescent relationship and adolescent internet addiction: A moderated mediation model. Addict Behav. 2018; 84: 171-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.04.015.
  • Schaefer ES. Children’s reports of parental behavior: An inventory. Child Development. 1965; 36(2): 413-24.
  • Kındap Y, Sayıl M, Kumru A. Anneden algılanan kontrolün niteliği ile ergenin psikososyal uyumu ve arkadaşlıkları arasındaki ilişkiler: Benlik değerinin aracı rolü. Türk Psikoloji Dergisi. 2008; 23(61): 92-107.
  • Faul F, Erdfelder E, Buchner A, Lang AG. Statistical power analyses using G*Power 3.1: Tests for correlation and regression analyses. Behavior Research Methods 2009; 41: 1149-60. https://doi.org//10.3758/BRM.41.4.1149
  • Eşgi N. Aile-Çocuk İnternet Bağımlılık Ölçeği’nin Türkçeye uyarlanması: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Kastamonu Eğitim Dergisi. 2014; 22(2): 807-39.
  • Aricak O, Tanrikulu T, Kinay H. Siber mağduriyet ölçeğinin ilk psikometrik bulguları. Akdeniz Eğitim Araştırmaları Dergisi. 2012; 6(11): 1-6.
  • Cottrell SA, Branstetter S, Cottrell L, Harris CV, Rishel C, Stanton BF. Development and Validation of a parental monitoring instrument: Measuring how parents monitor adolescents’ activities and risk behaviors. The Family Journal. 2007; 15(4): 328-35. https://doi.org/10.1177/1066480707303748
  • Karataş H, Öztürk C. Anne-Baba İzleme Ölçeğinin psikometrik özellikleri. Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi 2011; 12: 151-7.
  • Wachs S, Junger M, Sittichai R. Traditional, Cyber and combined bullying roles: Differences in risky online and offline activities. Societies. 2015; 5(1): 109-35. https://doi.org//10.3390/soc501010
  • König A, Gollwitzer M, Steffgen G. Cyberbullying as an act of revenge? Australian Journal of Guidance and Counselling, 2010; 20: 210-24. https://doi.org/10.1375/ajgc.20.2.210
  • Erdur-Baker Ö. Cyberbullying and its correlation to traditional bullying, gender and frequent and risky usage of internet-mediated communication tools. New Media & Society. 2010; 12(1): 109-25. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444809341260
  • Huang Y, Chou C. An analysis of multiple factors of cyberbullying among junior high school students in Taiwan. Computers in Human Behavior. 2010; 26(6): 1581-90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2010.06.005
  • Navarro R, Larrañaga E, Yubero S. Bullying-victimization problems and aggressive tendencies in Spanish secondary schools students: the role of gender stereotypical traits. Soc Psychol Educ. 2011; 14(4): 457-73. https://doi.org/10.1007/S11218-011-9163-1
  • Beale AV, Hall KR. Cyberbullying: What school administrators (and parents) can do. the clearing house: a journal of educational strategies. Issues and Ideas. 2007; 81(1): 8-12. https://doi.org//10.3200/TCHS.81.1.8-12
  • Manap A. İlköğretim ikinci kademe öğrencileri ve siber zorbalık: Samsun ili örneği. [YÖK Ulusal Tez Merkezi]: Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi; 2012.
  • Mendez I, Jorquera AB, Esteban CR, Garcia-Fernandez JM. Profiles of problematic ınternet use in bullying and cyberbullying among adolescents. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020; 17(19): 7041. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17197041.
  • Underwood MK, Ehrenreich SE. The power and the pain of adolescents' digital communication: Cyber victimization and the perils of lurking. Am Psychol. 2017; 72(2): 144-58. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0040429
  • Görzig A, Frumkin LA. Cyberbullying experiences on-the-go: When social media can become distressing. Cyberpsychology: Journal of Psychosocial Research on Cyberspace, 2013; 7(1): 4. https://doi.org//10.5817/CP2013-1-4
  • Mishna F, Saini M, Solomon S. Ongoing and online: Children and youth’s perceptions of cyber bullying. Children and Youth Services Review. 2009; 31(12): 1222-8. https://doi.org//10.1016/j.childyouth.2009.05.004
  • Heim J, Brandtzæg PB, Kaare BH, Endestad T, Torgersen L. Children’s usage of media technologies and psychosocial factors. New Media & Society. 2007; 9(3): 425-54. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444807076971
  • Li X, Stanton B, Feigelman S. Impact of perceived parental monitoring on adolescent risk behavior over 4 years. J Adolesc Health. 2000; 27(1): 49-56. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1054-139x(00)00092-6.
There are 32 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Clinical Sciences
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Enes Sarıgedik 0000-0002-9294-1152

Publication Date January 14, 2022
Submission Date February 3, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 12 Issue: 1

Cite

Vancouver Sarıgedik E. COVID-19 Pandemi Sürecinde Çocuklardaki İnternet Bağımlılığı, Siber Mağduriyet Düzeyleri ve Algılanan Ebeveyn İzleminin İncelenmesi. VHS. 2022;12(1):65-72.