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COGNITIVE VERSUS MOTOR DUAL TASK BALANCE PERFORMANCE AND FALLS IN MIDDLE-AGED AND ELDERLY ADULTS

Year 2023, Volume: 6 Issue: 3, 295 - 301, 24.10.2023
https://doi.org/10.26650/JARHS2023-1268235

Abstract

Objective: This study investigated the cognitive and motor dual-task performance and falls in middle-aged and elderly adults.
Materials and Method: This cross-sectional study included 84 adults, separated into two age groups of middle-aged adults (50-64 years) and elderly adults (65 years and older). The descriptive characteristics of the participants and the fall rate in the last year were recorded. The timed up-and-go test, four square step test and one leg step test performances were evaluated under single task, cognitive dual task (verbal fluency) and motor dual task (tray-carrying) conditions.
Results: The fall rate was 16.7% in middle-aged adults and 33.3% in elderly adults. The performance of elderly adults in the timed up-and-go test, four square step test and one leg stance test was lower than those of middle-aged adults under single task, cognitive dual task and motor dual task conditions (p<0.05). Performance was lower under cognitive dual task conditions for all tests in middle-aged and elderly adults (p<0.05). The timed up and go test and four square step test performances of non-faller elderly adults were better than those who fell (p<0.05).
Conclusion: The results of this study showed that single-task and dual-task balance performance in older adults is lower than in middle-aged adults, and lower in elderly adults who have a history of falls than in non-fallers. Efforts such as dual-task balance training to improve dual-task performance from middle age may be beneficial in reducing the risk of falls.

Project Number

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References

  • 1. Aslan UB, Cavlak U, Yagci N, Akdag B. Balance performance, aging and falling: a comparative study based on a Turkish sample. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2008;46(3):283-92. google scholar
  • 2. Ganz DA, Bao Y, Shekelle PG, Rubenstein LZ. Will my patient fall? JAMA 2007;297(1):77-86. google scholar
  • 3. Ambrose AF, Paul G, Hausdorff JM. Risk factors for falls among older adults: a review of the literature. Maturitas 2013;75(1):51-61. google scholar
  • 4. Sherrington C, Fairhall NJ, Wallbank GK, Tiedemann A, Michaleff ZA, Howard K, et al. Exercise for preventing falls in older people living in the community: an abridged Cochrane Sysytematic Review. Br J Sports Med 2020;54(15):885-91. google scholar
  • 5. Brustio PR, Magistro D, Zecca M, Liubicich ME, Rabaglietti E. Fear of falling and activities of daily living function: mediation effect of dual-task ability. Aging Ment Health 2018;22(6):856-61. google scholar
  • 6. Brustio PR, Magistro D, Zecca M, Rabaglietti E, Liubicich ME. Age-related decrements in dual-task performance: Comparison of different mobility and cognitive tasks. A cross sectional study. PloS one 2017;12(7):e0181698. google scholar
  • 7. Kahya M, Moon S, Ranchet M, Vukas RR, Lyons KE, Pahwa R, et al. Brain activity during dual task gait and balance in aging and age-related neurodegenerative conditions: a systematic review. Exp Gerontol 2019;128:110756. google scholar
  • 8. Osoba MY, Rao AK, Agrawal SK, Lalwani AK. Balance and gait in the elderly: A contemporary review. Laryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol 2019;4(1):143-53. google scholar
  • 9. Peeters G, van Schoor NM, Cooper R, Tooth L, Kenny RA. Should prevention of falls start earlier? Co-ordinated analyses of harmonised data on falls in middle-aged adults across four population-based cohort studies. PLoS one 2018;13(8):e0201989. google scholar
  • 10. Shubert TE, Schrodt LA, Mercer VS, Busby-Whitehead J, Giuliani CA. Are scores on balance screening tests associated with mobility in older adults? J Geriatr Phys Ther 2006;29(1):33-9. google scholar
  • 11. Bayot M, Dujardin K, Dissaux L, Tard C, Defebvre L, Bonnet CT, et al. Can dual-task paradigms predict falls better than single task?-a systematic literature review. Neurophysiol Clin 2020;50(6):401-40. google scholar
  • 12. Muir-Hunter S, Wittwer J. Dual-task testing to predict falls in community-dwelling older adults: a systematic review. Physiotherapy 2016;102(1):29-40. google scholar
  • 13. Brustio PR, Magistro D, Rabaglietti E, Liubicich ME. Age-related differences in dual task performance: A cross-sectional study on women. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017;17(2):315-21. google scholar
  • 14. McCollum L, Karlawish J. Cognitive impairment evaluation and management. Med Clin 2020;104(5):807-25. google scholar
  • 15. Gungen C. Standardize Mini Mental Test’in Turk toplumunda hafif demans tanisinda gecerlik ve guvenilirligi. Turk Psikiyatri Derg 2002;13(4):273-81. google scholar
  • 16. Alexandre TS, Meira DM, Rico NC, Mizuta SK. Accuracy of Timed Up and Go Test for screening risk of falls among community-dwelling elderly. Braz J Phys Ther 2012;16(5):381-8. google scholar
  • 17. Beauchet O, Fantino B, Allali G, Muir S, Montero-Odasso M, Annweiler C. Timed Up and Go test and risk of falls in older adults: a systematic review. J Nutr Health Aging 2011;15(10):933-8. google scholar
  • 18. Dite W, Temple VA. A clinical test of stepping and change of direction to identify multiple falling older adults. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2002;83(11):1566-71. google scholar
  • 19. Isık E, Altug F, Cavlak U. Relıabılıty And Valıdıty Of Four Step Square Test In Older Adults. Turk Geriatri Derg 2015;18(2):151-5. google scholar
  • 20. Michikawa T, Nishiwaki Y, Takebayashi T, Toyama Y. One-leg standing test for elderly populations. J Orthop Sci 2009;14(5):675-85. google scholar
  • 21. Springer BA, Marin R, Cyhan T, Roberts H, Gill NW. Normative values for the unipedal stance test with eyes open and closed. J Geriatr Phys Ther 2007;30(1):8-15. google scholar
  • 22. Lin MR, Hwang HF, Hu MH, Wu HDI, Wang YW, Huang FC. Psychometric comparisons of the timed up and go, one-leg stand, functional reach, and Tinetti balance measures in community-dwelling older people. J Am Geriatr Soc 2004;52(8):1343-8. google scholar
  • 23. Lundin-Olsson L, Nyberg L, Gustafson Y. Attention, frailty, and falls: the effect of a manual task on basic mobility. J Am Geriatr Soc 1998;46(6):758-61. google scholar
  • 24. Holtzer R, Mahoney JR, Izzetoglu M, Izzetoglu K, Onaral B, Verghese J. fNIRS study of walking and walking while talking in young and old individuals. J Gerontol- Biomed Sci Med Sci 2011;66(8):879-87. google scholar
  • 25. Malcolm BR, Foxe JJ, Butler JS, De Sanctis P. The aging brain shows less flexible reallocation of cognitive resources during dual-task walking: a mobile brain/body imaging (MoBI) study. Neuroimage 2015;117:230-42. google scholar
  • 26. Boisgontier MP, Beets IA, Duysens J, Nieuwboer A, Krampe RT, Swinnen SP. Age-related differences in attentional cost associated with postural dual tasks: increased recruitment of generic cognitive resources in older adults. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2013;37(8):1824-37. google scholar
  • 27. Carmona-Torres JM, Cobo-Cuenca AI, Pozuelo-Carrascosa DP, Latorre-Roman PÂ, Parraga-Montilla JA, Laredo-Aguilera JA. Physical activity, mental health and consumption of medications in pre-elderly people: the National Health Survey 2017. Int J environmental research and public health 2021;18(3):1100. google scholar
  • 28. Li W, Keegan TH, Sternfeld B, Sidney S, Quesenberry Jr CP, Kelsey JL. Outdoor falls among middle-aged and older adults: a neglected public health problem. Am J Public Health 2006;96(7):1192-200. google scholar
  • 29. Muhaidat J, Kerr A, Evans JJ, Skelton DA. Exploring gait-related dual task tests in community-dwelling fallers and non-faller: a pilot study. Physiother Theory Pract 2013;29(5):351-70. google scholar
  • 30. Asai T, Oshima K, Fukumoto Y, Yonezawa Y, Matsuo A, Misu S. Association of fall history with the Timed Up and Go test score and the dual task cost: A cross-sectional study among independent community-dwelling older adults. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2018;18(8):1189-93. google scholar

ORTA YAŞLI VE YAŞLI YETİŞKİNLERDE BİLİŞSEL VE MOTOR ÇİFT GÖREV DENGE PERFORMANSI VE DÜŞMELER

Year 2023, Volume: 6 Issue: 3, 295 - 301, 24.10.2023
https://doi.org/10.26650/JARHS2023-1268235

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, orta yaşlı ve yaşlı yetişkinlerde bilişsel ve motor ikili görev performansını ve düşmeyi araştırmaktır.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu kesitsel çalışmaya seksen dört yetişkin dahil edildi. Katılımcılar yaşa göre orta yaşlı yetişkinler (50-64 yaş) ve yaşlı yetişkinler (65 yaş ve üstü) olarak iki gruba ayrıldı. Katılımcıların tanımlayıcı özellikleri ve son bir yıldaki düşme oranları kaydedildi. Tekli görev, bilişsel ikili görev (sözel akıcılık) ve motor ikili görev (tepsi taşıma) koşullarında süreli kalk ve yürü testi, dört kare adım testi ve tek ayak üzerinde durma testi performansları değerlendirildi.
Bulgular: Düşme oranı orta yaşlı erişkinlerde %16,7 ve yaşlı erişkinlerde %33,3 idi. Tek görev, bilişsel ikili görev ve motor ikili görev koşullarında yaşlı yetişkinlerin süreli kalk ve yürü testi, dört kare adım testi ve tek ayak üzerinde durma testi performansları orta yaşlı yetişkinlere göre daha düşüktü (p<0,05). Performans, orta yaşlı ve yaşlı erişkinlerde tüm testler için bilişsel ikili görev koşullarında daha düşüktü (p<0,05). Düşen ve düşmeyen yaşlı yetişkinler arasında zamanlı kalk ve yürü testi ile dört kare adım testi performanslarında anlamlı fark bulundu (p<0,05).
Sonuç: Bu çalışmanın sonuçları, yaşlı yetişkinlerde tek görev ve ikili görev denge performansının orta yaşlı erişkinlere göre daha düşük olduğunu ve düşen yaşlı yetişkinlerde düşmeyenlere göre daha düşük olduğunu göstermektedir. Orta yaştan itibaren ikili görev performansını geliştirmeye yönelik ikili görev denge eğitimi gibi çalışmalar düşme riskini azaltmak açısından faydalı olabilir.

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Thanks

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References

  • 1. Aslan UB, Cavlak U, Yagci N, Akdag B. Balance performance, aging and falling: a comparative study based on a Turkish sample. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2008;46(3):283-92. google scholar
  • 2. Ganz DA, Bao Y, Shekelle PG, Rubenstein LZ. Will my patient fall? JAMA 2007;297(1):77-86. google scholar
  • 3. Ambrose AF, Paul G, Hausdorff JM. Risk factors for falls among older adults: a review of the literature. Maturitas 2013;75(1):51-61. google scholar
  • 4. Sherrington C, Fairhall NJ, Wallbank GK, Tiedemann A, Michaleff ZA, Howard K, et al. Exercise for preventing falls in older people living in the community: an abridged Cochrane Sysytematic Review. Br J Sports Med 2020;54(15):885-91. google scholar
  • 5. Brustio PR, Magistro D, Zecca M, Liubicich ME, Rabaglietti E. Fear of falling and activities of daily living function: mediation effect of dual-task ability. Aging Ment Health 2018;22(6):856-61. google scholar
  • 6. Brustio PR, Magistro D, Zecca M, Rabaglietti E, Liubicich ME. Age-related decrements in dual-task performance: Comparison of different mobility and cognitive tasks. A cross sectional study. PloS one 2017;12(7):e0181698. google scholar
  • 7. Kahya M, Moon S, Ranchet M, Vukas RR, Lyons KE, Pahwa R, et al. Brain activity during dual task gait and balance in aging and age-related neurodegenerative conditions: a systematic review. Exp Gerontol 2019;128:110756. google scholar
  • 8. Osoba MY, Rao AK, Agrawal SK, Lalwani AK. Balance and gait in the elderly: A contemporary review. Laryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol 2019;4(1):143-53. google scholar
  • 9. Peeters G, van Schoor NM, Cooper R, Tooth L, Kenny RA. Should prevention of falls start earlier? Co-ordinated analyses of harmonised data on falls in middle-aged adults across four population-based cohort studies. PLoS one 2018;13(8):e0201989. google scholar
  • 10. Shubert TE, Schrodt LA, Mercer VS, Busby-Whitehead J, Giuliani CA. Are scores on balance screening tests associated with mobility in older adults? J Geriatr Phys Ther 2006;29(1):33-9. google scholar
  • 11. Bayot M, Dujardin K, Dissaux L, Tard C, Defebvre L, Bonnet CT, et al. Can dual-task paradigms predict falls better than single task?-a systematic literature review. Neurophysiol Clin 2020;50(6):401-40. google scholar
  • 12. Muir-Hunter S, Wittwer J. Dual-task testing to predict falls in community-dwelling older adults: a systematic review. Physiotherapy 2016;102(1):29-40. google scholar
  • 13. Brustio PR, Magistro D, Rabaglietti E, Liubicich ME. Age-related differences in dual task performance: A cross-sectional study on women. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017;17(2):315-21. google scholar
  • 14. McCollum L, Karlawish J. Cognitive impairment evaluation and management. Med Clin 2020;104(5):807-25. google scholar
  • 15. Gungen C. Standardize Mini Mental Test’in Turk toplumunda hafif demans tanisinda gecerlik ve guvenilirligi. Turk Psikiyatri Derg 2002;13(4):273-81. google scholar
  • 16. Alexandre TS, Meira DM, Rico NC, Mizuta SK. Accuracy of Timed Up and Go Test for screening risk of falls among community-dwelling elderly. Braz J Phys Ther 2012;16(5):381-8. google scholar
  • 17. Beauchet O, Fantino B, Allali G, Muir S, Montero-Odasso M, Annweiler C. Timed Up and Go test and risk of falls in older adults: a systematic review. J Nutr Health Aging 2011;15(10):933-8. google scholar
  • 18. Dite W, Temple VA. A clinical test of stepping and change of direction to identify multiple falling older adults. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2002;83(11):1566-71. google scholar
  • 19. Isık E, Altug F, Cavlak U. Relıabılıty And Valıdıty Of Four Step Square Test In Older Adults. Turk Geriatri Derg 2015;18(2):151-5. google scholar
  • 20. Michikawa T, Nishiwaki Y, Takebayashi T, Toyama Y. One-leg standing test for elderly populations. J Orthop Sci 2009;14(5):675-85. google scholar
  • 21. Springer BA, Marin R, Cyhan T, Roberts H, Gill NW. Normative values for the unipedal stance test with eyes open and closed. J Geriatr Phys Ther 2007;30(1):8-15. google scholar
  • 22. Lin MR, Hwang HF, Hu MH, Wu HDI, Wang YW, Huang FC. Psychometric comparisons of the timed up and go, one-leg stand, functional reach, and Tinetti balance measures in community-dwelling older people. J Am Geriatr Soc 2004;52(8):1343-8. google scholar
  • 23. Lundin-Olsson L, Nyberg L, Gustafson Y. Attention, frailty, and falls: the effect of a manual task on basic mobility. J Am Geriatr Soc 1998;46(6):758-61. google scholar
  • 24. Holtzer R, Mahoney JR, Izzetoglu M, Izzetoglu K, Onaral B, Verghese J. fNIRS study of walking and walking while talking in young and old individuals. J Gerontol- Biomed Sci Med Sci 2011;66(8):879-87. google scholar
  • 25. Malcolm BR, Foxe JJ, Butler JS, De Sanctis P. The aging brain shows less flexible reallocation of cognitive resources during dual-task walking: a mobile brain/body imaging (MoBI) study. Neuroimage 2015;117:230-42. google scholar
  • 26. Boisgontier MP, Beets IA, Duysens J, Nieuwboer A, Krampe RT, Swinnen SP. Age-related differences in attentional cost associated with postural dual tasks: increased recruitment of generic cognitive resources in older adults. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2013;37(8):1824-37. google scholar
  • 27. Carmona-Torres JM, Cobo-Cuenca AI, Pozuelo-Carrascosa DP, Latorre-Roman PÂ, Parraga-Montilla JA, Laredo-Aguilera JA. Physical activity, mental health and consumption of medications in pre-elderly people: the National Health Survey 2017. Int J environmental research and public health 2021;18(3):1100. google scholar
  • 28. Li W, Keegan TH, Sternfeld B, Sidney S, Quesenberry Jr CP, Kelsey JL. Outdoor falls among middle-aged and older adults: a neglected public health problem. Am J Public Health 2006;96(7):1192-200. google scholar
  • 29. Muhaidat J, Kerr A, Evans JJ, Skelton DA. Exploring gait-related dual task tests in community-dwelling fallers and non-faller: a pilot study. Physiother Theory Pract 2013;29(5):351-70. google scholar
  • 30. Asai T, Oshima K, Fukumoto Y, Yonezawa Y, Matsuo A, Misu S. Association of fall history with the Timed Up and Go test score and the dual task cost: A cross-sectional study among independent community-dwelling older adults. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2018;18(8):1189-93. google scholar
There are 30 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Clinical Sciences (Other)
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Senem Demirdel 0000-0001-7395-8859

Gözde Tekin 0000-0002-1049-111X

Derya Çağlar 0000-0003-4167-3212

Buse Kılınç 0000-0001-9822-0965

Büşra Nur Fındık 0000-0002-1811-3164

Betül Erbay 0000-0002-7130-0129

Project Number yok
Publication Date October 24, 2023
Submission Date March 20, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 6 Issue: 3

Cite

MLA Demirdel, Senem et al. “COGNITIVE VERSUS MOTOR DUAL TASK BALANCE PERFORMANCE AND FALLS IN MIDDLE-AGED AND ELDERLY ADULTS”. Sağlık Bilimlerinde İleri Araştırmalar Dergisi, vol. 6, no. 3, 2023, pp. 295-01, doi:10.26650/JARHS2023-1268235.