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Fiziksel Aktivite, Duygusal Yeme ve Ruh Hali İlişkisi: Kovid-19 ve Üniversite Öğrencileri

Year 2021, Volume: 5 Issue: 2, 88 - 97, 30.08.2021

Abstract

Bu araştırmanın amacı fiziksel aktivite, duygusal yeme ve ruh hali arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesidir. Araştırmaya 221 spor bilimleri öğrencisi (yaş, 20.7 ± 2.99) gönüllü olarak katılmıştır. Araştırmacı tarafından hazırlanan kişisel bilgi formu ve fiziksel aktivite düzeyini ölçmek için Uluslararası Fiziksel Aktivite ölçeği kısa formu (UFAÖ-KF), Duygusal Yeme Ölçeği ve Brunel Ruh Hali ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın bulgularına göre, kadın öğrencilerin bitkinlik ve kızgınlık olumsuz ruh hallerinde erkeklere göre daha yüksek düzeyde deneyimledikleri görülmüştür (p<0.05). Yeme isteğini engelleyeme, yiyeceğin türü, suçluluk hissi ve duygusal yeme davranışında kadın öğrencilerin erkeklere göre daha yüksek duygusal yeme davranışına sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir (p<0.05). Fiziksel aktivite seviyesi arttıkça bitkinlik ruh halinin de azaldığı ve canlılık ruh halinin ise arttığı saptanmıştır (p<0.05). Orta ve yüksek şiddetli egzersizlerin yoğunluğunun artması yiyeceğin türüne bağlı olarak duygusal yeme eğilimini düşürdüğü tespit edilmiştir (p<0.05). Çalışmanın sonucuna göre, Kovid-19 sürecinde, kampüs yaşantısı gibi hareketli bir ortamdan uzaklaşarak eve kapanma süreci geçiren özellikle kadın öğrencilerin olumsuz ruh hallerinin artmaktadır. Bununla birlikte fiziksel aktivite seviyesinin artışı öğrencilerin kendilerini daha dinç hissetmelerine yol açmaktadır. Fiziksel aktivite seviyesinin artışını destekleyecek uygulamaların negatif psikolojik süreçlere pozitif etkisinin olduğu görülmektedir.

References

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  • Arslantas, H., Dereboy, F., Yuksel, R. & Inalkac, S. (2020): Validity and Reliability of the Turkish Version of the Emotional Eater Questionnaire (EEQ-TR). Turk Psikiyatri Dergisi, 31(2),122-30.
  • Asmundson, G. J., Paluszek, M. M., Landry, C. A., Rachor, G. S., McKay, D., & Taylor, S. (2020). Do pre-existing anxiety-related and mood disorders differentially impact COVID-19 stress responses and coping?. Journal of anxiety disorders, 74, 102271.
  • Beiter, R., Nash, R., McCrady, M., Rhoades, D., Linscomb, M., Clarahan, M., Sammut, S. (2015). The prevalence and correlates of depression, anxiety, and stress in a sample of college students. Journal of Affective Disorders, 17390–17396.
  • Berger, B. G., & Owen, D. R. (1992). Mood alteration with yoga and swimming: aerobic exercise may not be necessary. Perceptual and Motor skills, 75(Suppl 3), 1331-1343.
  • Bloch, W., Halle, M., & Steinacker, J. M. (2020). Sport in times of Corona (Sport in Zeiten von Corona). German Journal of Sports Medicine, 71, 83–84.
  • Boukrim, M., Obtel, M., Kasouati, J., Achbani, A., & Razine, R. (2021). Covid-19 and Confinement: Effect on Weight Load, Physical Activity and Eating Behavior of Higher Education Students in Southern Morocco. Annals of global health, 87(1), 7.
  • Boyraz, G., & Legros, D.N. (2020). Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and traumatic stress: probable risk factors and correlates of posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of Loss and Trauma, 20(6-7), 503-522.
  • Cakiroglu, A. A., Demir, E., Guclu M. (2020). The Validity and Reliability Study of the Brunel Mood Scale with the Adult Athletes (Turkish Adaptation). International Journal of Applied Exercise Physiology. 9(10):126–40.
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  • Edwards, M. K., & Loprinzi, P. D. (2016). Effects of a Sedentary Behavior-Inducing Randomized Controlled Intervention on Depression and Mood Profile in Active Young Adults. Mayo Clinic proceedings, 91(8), 984–998.
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  • Hammami, A., Harrabi, B., Mohr, M., & Krustrup, P. (2020). Physical activity and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): specific recommendations for home-based physical training. Managing Sport and Leisure, 1-6.
  • Hervás, G., Ruiz-Litago, F., Irazusta, J., Fernández-Atutxa, A., Fraile-Bermúdez, A. B., & Zarrazquin, I. (2018). Physical Activity, Physical Fitness, Body Composition, and Nutrition Are Associated with Bone Status in University Students. Nutrients, 10(1), 61.
  • Janssen, I., & LeBlanc, A. G. (2010). Systematic review of the health benefits of physical activity and fitness in school-aged children and youth. International journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity, 7(1), 1-16.
  • Kline, R. B. (2011). Methodology in the Social Sciences, Principles and practice of structural equation modeling (3rd ed,), New York, NY, US: Guilford Press.
  • Kornacka, M., Czepczor-Bernat, K., Napieralski, P., & Brytek-Matera, A. (2021). Rumination, mood, and maladaptive eating behaviors in overweight and healthy populations. Eating and weight disorders : EWD, 26(1), 273–285.
  • Laaksonen, D. E., Lindstrom, J., Lakka, T. A., Eriksson, J. G,, Niskanen, L., Wikstrom, K., et al. (2005). Physical Activity in the Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes: The Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study. Diabetes, 54:158–65.
  • Larsen, J. K., van Strien, T., Eisinga, R., & Engels, R. C. (2006). Gender differences in the association between alexithymia and emotional eating in obese individuals. Journal of psychosomatic research, 60(3), 237–243.
  • Lazarevich, I., Irigoyen Camacho, M. E., Velázquez-Alva, M., & Zepeda Zepeda, M. (2016). Relationship among obesity, depression, and emotional eating in young adults. Appetite, 107, 639–644.
  • Mathieu, R. A., Powell-Wiley, T. M., Ayers, C. R., McGuire, D. K., Khera, A., Das, S. R., & Lakoski, S. G. (2012). Physical activity participation, health perceptions, and cardiovascular disease mortality in a multiethnic population: The Dallas heart study. American Heart Journal, 163(6), 1037–1040.
  • Moeller, R. W., & Seehuus, M. (2019). Loneliness as a mediator for college students’ social skills and experiences of depression and anxiety. Journal of Adolescence, 73, 1–13.
  • Otto, M. W., Church, T. S., Craft, L. L., Greer, T. L., Smits, J. A., & Trivedi, M. H. (2007). Exercise for mood and anxiety disorders. Primary care companion to the Journal of clinical psychiatry, 9(4), 287–294.
  • Pedersen, B. K., & Saltin, B. (2015). Exercise as medicine–evidence for prescribing exercise as therapy in 26 different chronic diseases. Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports, 25, 1-72.
  • Piercy, K. L., Troiano, R. P., Ballard, R. M., Carlson, S. A., Fulton, J. E., Galuska, D. A., ... & Olson, R. D. (2018). The physical activity guidelines for Americans. Jama, 320(19), 2020-2028.
  • Rebar, A. L., Stanton, R., Geard, D., Short, C., Duncan, M. J., & Vandelanotte, C. (2015). A meta-meta-analysis of the effect of physical activity on depression and anxiety in non-clinical adult populations. Health psychology review, 9(3), 366–378.
  • Reichenberger, J., Kuppens, P., Liedlgruber, M., Wilhelm, F. H., Tiefengrabner, M., Ginzinger, S., & Blechert, J. (2018). No haste, more taste: An EMA study of the effects of stress, negative and positive emotions on eating behavior. Biological psychology, 131, 54–62.
  • Saglam, M., Arikan, H., Savci, S., Inal-Ince, D., Bosnak-Guclu, M., Karabulut, E., & Tokgozoglu, L. (2010). International physical activity questionnaire: reliability and validity of the Turkish version. Perceptual and motor skills, 111(1), 278–284.
  • Sahin I. (2020). The relationship between emotional eating and mindfulness among wrestlers. Progress in Nutrition, 22(2-S),e2020010. Schellekens, H., Finger, B. C., Dinan, T. G., & Cryan, J. F. (2012). Ghrelin signalling and obesity: at the interface of stress, mood and food reward. Pharmacology & therapeutics, 135(3), 316–326.
  • Schultchen, D., Reichenberger, J., Mittl, T., Weh, T., Smyth, J. M., Blechert, J., & Pollatos, O. (2019). Bidirectional relationship of stress and affect with physical activity and healthy eating. British journal of health psychology, 24(2), 315–333.
  • Shiroma, E. J., & Lee, I. M. (2010). Physical activity and cardiovascular health: lessons learned from epidemiological studies across age, gender, and race/ethnicity. Circulation, 122(7), 743–752.
  • Soylu Y. (2021). The psychophysiological effects of the COVID-19 quarantine in the college students. Physical Education of Students. 25(3),158–163. https://doi.org/10.15561/20755279.2021.0303
  • Soylu, Y., Arslan, E., Sogut, M., Kilit, B., & Clemente, F. (2020). Effects of self-paced high-intensity interval training and moderateintensity continuous training on the physical performance and psychophysiological responses in recreationally active young adults. Biology of Sport, 38(4), 555-562. Steinacker, J. M., Bloch, W., Halle, M., Mayer, F., Meyer, T., Hirschmüller, A., ... & Wolfarth, B. (2020). Merkblatt: Gesundheitssituation für Sportler durch die aktuelle Coronavirus-Pandemie (SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19). Dtsch. Z. Sportmed, 71, 85-86.
  • Suel, E. (2020). The relationship between emotional eating and general health among professional basketball players. Progress in Nutrition, 22(2-S), e2020020.
  • Suel, E., & Soylu, Y. (2020). Emotional Eating Tendencies And General Health In Athletes: Gender Role. Ambient Science, 07, (Sp1),170-175.
  • Sundgot-Borgen, J., & Torstveit, M. K. (2004). Prevalence of eating disorders in elite athletes is higher than in the general population. Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine, 14(1), 25-32.
  • Terry, P. C., Lane, A. M., Lane, H. J., & Keohane, L. (1999). Development and validation of a mood measure for adolescents. Journal of sports sciences, 17(11), 861–872.
  • Terry, P. C., Potgieter, J. R., & Fogarty, G. J. (2003). The Stellenbosch Mood Scale: A dual‐language measure of mood. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 1(3), 231-245.
  • Turgut M, Soylu Y. (2021). Effects of 8-week zumba exercise on blood lipids profile in sedentary women. Pedagogy of Physical Culture and Sports, 25(3), 172-177.
  • Turgut, M., Soylu, Y., & Metin, S. N. (2020). Physical activity, night eating, and mood state profiles of athletes during the COVID-19 pandemic. Progress in Nutrition, 22(2-S), e2020019.
  • van Strien, T. (2005). Handleiding Nederlandse Vragenlijst voor Eetgedrag [Manual Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire]. Amsterdam: Boom Test Publishers.
  • Wanner, M., Richard, A., Martin, B., Faeh, D., & Rohrmann, S. (2017). Associations between self-reported and objectively measured physical activity, sedentary behavior and overweight/obesity in NHANES 2003-2006. International journal of obesity (2005), 41(1), 186–193.
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Physical Activitiy, Emotional Eating, And Mood State: Covid-19 and Students

Year 2021, Volume: 5 Issue: 2, 88 - 97, 30.08.2021

Abstract

The aim of this research is to examine the relationship between physical activity, emotional eating and mood. Methods: 221 sports science students (age, 20.7 ± 2.99) voluntarily participated in the study. In order to measure the personal information form and physical activity level prepared by the researcher, the short form of the International Physical Activity Scale (IFAS-SF), the Emotional Eating Scale and the Brunel Mood Scale were used. According to the findings of the study, it was observed that female students experienced fatigue and anger at a higher level than males (p<0.05). It was determined that female students had higher emotional eating behaviors than males in terms of preventing the desire to eat, type of food, feeling of guilt and emotional eating behavior (p<0.05). It was determined that as the physical activity level increased, the fatigue mood decreased and the vitality mood increased (p<0.05). It was determined that increasing the intensity of moderate and high intensity exercises decreased the emotional eating tendency depending on the type of food (p<0.05). According to the results of the study, the negative moods of especially female students who go through the process of staying away from an active environment such as campus life during the Kovid-19 process increase. However, the increase in the level of physical activity causes students to feel more vigorous. It is seen that the practices that will support the increase in the level of physical activity have a positive effect on negative psychological processes.

References

  • Ammar, A., Brach, M., Trabelsi, K., Chtourou, H., Boukhris, O., Masmoudi, L., et al. (2020). On Behalf of the ECLB-COVID19 Consortium. Effects of COVID-19 Home Confinement on Eating Behaviour and Physical Activity: Results of the ECLB-COVID19 International Online Survey. Nutrients. 12(6), 1583.
  • Arslantas, H., Dereboy, F., Yuksel, R. & Inalkac, S. (2020): Validity and Reliability of the Turkish Version of the Emotional Eater Questionnaire (EEQ-TR). Turk Psikiyatri Dergisi, 31(2),122-30.
  • Asmundson, G. J., Paluszek, M. M., Landry, C. A., Rachor, G. S., McKay, D., & Taylor, S. (2020). Do pre-existing anxiety-related and mood disorders differentially impact COVID-19 stress responses and coping?. Journal of anxiety disorders, 74, 102271.
  • Beiter, R., Nash, R., McCrady, M., Rhoades, D., Linscomb, M., Clarahan, M., Sammut, S. (2015). The prevalence and correlates of depression, anxiety, and stress in a sample of college students. Journal of Affective Disorders, 17390–17396.
  • Berger, B. G., & Owen, D. R. (1992). Mood alteration with yoga and swimming: aerobic exercise may not be necessary. Perceptual and Motor skills, 75(Suppl 3), 1331-1343.
  • Bloch, W., Halle, M., & Steinacker, J. M. (2020). Sport in times of Corona (Sport in Zeiten von Corona). German Journal of Sports Medicine, 71, 83–84.
  • Boukrim, M., Obtel, M., Kasouati, J., Achbani, A., & Razine, R. (2021). Covid-19 and Confinement: Effect on Weight Load, Physical Activity and Eating Behavior of Higher Education Students in Southern Morocco. Annals of global health, 87(1), 7.
  • Boyraz, G., & Legros, D.N. (2020). Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and traumatic stress: probable risk factors and correlates of posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of Loss and Trauma, 20(6-7), 503-522.
  • Cakiroglu, A. A., Demir, E., Guclu M. (2020). The Validity and Reliability Study of the Brunel Mood Scale with the Adult Athletes (Turkish Adaptation). International Journal of Applied Exercise Physiology. 9(10):126–40.
  • Canikli A. (2021). Physical Activity and Mood Responses: Sport Sciences Students. Progress in Nutrition, 23(S1),e2021133.
  • Chekroud, S. R., Gueorguieva, R., Zheutlin, A. B., Paulus, M., Krumholz, H. M., Krystal, J. H., & Chekroud, A. M. (2018). Association between physical exercise and mental health in 1·2 million individuals in the USA between 2011 and 2015: A cross-sectional study. The Lancet Psychiatry, 5(9), 739–746.
  • Craig, C. L., Marshall, A. L., Sjöström, M., Bauman, A. E., Booth, M. L., Ainsworth, B. E., Pratt, M., Ekelund, U., Yngve, A., Sallis, J. F., & Oja, P. (2003). International physical activity questionnaire: 12-country reliability and validity. Medicine and science in sports and exercise, 35(8), 1381–1395.
  • Dancey, C. P., & Reidy, J. (2007). Statistics without maths for psychology. Pearson education.
  • Du, C. (2020). Influence of basketball competition on psychological quality and positive emotions of college students. Revista Argentina de Clínica Psicológica, 29(1), 263.
  • Edwards, M. K., & Loprinzi, P. D. (2016). Effects of a Sedentary Behavior-Inducing Randomized Controlled Intervention on Depression and Mood Profile in Active Young Adults. Mayo Clinic proceedings, 91(8), 984–998.
  • Garaulet, M., Canteras, M., Morales, E., López-Guimera, G., Sánchez-Carracedo, D., & Corbalán-Tutau, M. D. (2012). Validation of a questionnaire on emotional eating for use in cases of obesity: the Emotional Eater Questionnaire (EEQ). Nutricion hospitalaria, 27(2), 645–651.
  • Ge, Y., Xin, S., Luan, D., Zou, Z., Liu, M., Bai, X., & Gao, Q. (2019). Association of physical activity, sedentary time, and sleep duration on the health-related quality of life of college students in Northeast China. Health and quality of life outcomes, 17(1), 124.
  • Golman, D. (1995). Emotional intelligence. New York: Bantam, 55, 86.
  • Hamer, M., Endrighi, R., & Poole, L. (2012). Physical activity, stress reduction, and mood: insight into immunological mechanisms. Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.), 934, 89–102.
  • Hammami, A., Harrabi, B., Mohr, M., & Krustrup, P. (2020). Physical activity and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): specific recommendations for home-based physical training. Managing Sport and Leisure, 1-6.
  • Hervás, G., Ruiz-Litago, F., Irazusta, J., Fernández-Atutxa, A., Fraile-Bermúdez, A. B., & Zarrazquin, I. (2018). Physical Activity, Physical Fitness, Body Composition, and Nutrition Are Associated with Bone Status in University Students. Nutrients, 10(1), 61.
  • Janssen, I., & LeBlanc, A. G. (2010). Systematic review of the health benefits of physical activity and fitness in school-aged children and youth. International journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity, 7(1), 1-16.
  • Kline, R. B. (2011). Methodology in the Social Sciences, Principles and practice of structural equation modeling (3rd ed,), New York, NY, US: Guilford Press.
  • Kornacka, M., Czepczor-Bernat, K., Napieralski, P., & Brytek-Matera, A. (2021). Rumination, mood, and maladaptive eating behaviors in overweight and healthy populations. Eating and weight disorders : EWD, 26(1), 273–285.
  • Laaksonen, D. E., Lindstrom, J., Lakka, T. A., Eriksson, J. G,, Niskanen, L., Wikstrom, K., et al. (2005). Physical Activity in the Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes: The Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study. Diabetes, 54:158–65.
  • Larsen, J. K., van Strien, T., Eisinga, R., & Engels, R. C. (2006). Gender differences in the association between alexithymia and emotional eating in obese individuals. Journal of psychosomatic research, 60(3), 237–243.
  • Lazarevich, I., Irigoyen Camacho, M. E., Velázquez-Alva, M., & Zepeda Zepeda, M. (2016). Relationship among obesity, depression, and emotional eating in young adults. Appetite, 107, 639–644.
  • Mathieu, R. A., Powell-Wiley, T. M., Ayers, C. R., McGuire, D. K., Khera, A., Das, S. R., & Lakoski, S. G. (2012). Physical activity participation, health perceptions, and cardiovascular disease mortality in a multiethnic population: The Dallas heart study. American Heart Journal, 163(6), 1037–1040.
  • Moeller, R. W., & Seehuus, M. (2019). Loneliness as a mediator for college students’ social skills and experiences of depression and anxiety. Journal of Adolescence, 73, 1–13.
  • Otto, M. W., Church, T. S., Craft, L. L., Greer, T. L., Smits, J. A., & Trivedi, M. H. (2007). Exercise for mood and anxiety disorders. Primary care companion to the Journal of clinical psychiatry, 9(4), 287–294.
  • Pedersen, B. K., & Saltin, B. (2015). Exercise as medicine–evidence for prescribing exercise as therapy in 26 different chronic diseases. Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports, 25, 1-72.
  • Piercy, K. L., Troiano, R. P., Ballard, R. M., Carlson, S. A., Fulton, J. E., Galuska, D. A., ... & Olson, R. D. (2018). The physical activity guidelines for Americans. Jama, 320(19), 2020-2028.
  • Rebar, A. L., Stanton, R., Geard, D., Short, C., Duncan, M. J., & Vandelanotte, C. (2015). A meta-meta-analysis of the effect of physical activity on depression and anxiety in non-clinical adult populations. Health psychology review, 9(3), 366–378.
  • Reichenberger, J., Kuppens, P., Liedlgruber, M., Wilhelm, F. H., Tiefengrabner, M., Ginzinger, S., & Blechert, J. (2018). No haste, more taste: An EMA study of the effects of stress, negative and positive emotions on eating behavior. Biological psychology, 131, 54–62.
  • Saglam, M., Arikan, H., Savci, S., Inal-Ince, D., Bosnak-Guclu, M., Karabulut, E., & Tokgozoglu, L. (2010). International physical activity questionnaire: reliability and validity of the Turkish version. Perceptual and motor skills, 111(1), 278–284.
  • Sahin I. (2020). The relationship between emotional eating and mindfulness among wrestlers. Progress in Nutrition, 22(2-S),e2020010. Schellekens, H., Finger, B. C., Dinan, T. G., & Cryan, J. F. (2012). Ghrelin signalling and obesity: at the interface of stress, mood and food reward. Pharmacology & therapeutics, 135(3), 316–326.
  • Schultchen, D., Reichenberger, J., Mittl, T., Weh, T., Smyth, J. M., Blechert, J., & Pollatos, O. (2019). Bidirectional relationship of stress and affect with physical activity and healthy eating. British journal of health psychology, 24(2), 315–333.
  • Shiroma, E. J., & Lee, I. M. (2010). Physical activity and cardiovascular health: lessons learned from epidemiological studies across age, gender, and race/ethnicity. Circulation, 122(7), 743–752.
  • Soylu Y. (2021). The psychophysiological effects of the COVID-19 quarantine in the college students. Physical Education of Students. 25(3),158–163. https://doi.org/10.15561/20755279.2021.0303
  • Soylu, Y., Arslan, E., Sogut, M., Kilit, B., & Clemente, F. (2020). Effects of self-paced high-intensity interval training and moderateintensity continuous training on the physical performance and psychophysiological responses in recreationally active young adults. Biology of Sport, 38(4), 555-562. Steinacker, J. M., Bloch, W., Halle, M., Mayer, F., Meyer, T., Hirschmüller, A., ... & Wolfarth, B. (2020). Merkblatt: Gesundheitssituation für Sportler durch die aktuelle Coronavirus-Pandemie (SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19). Dtsch. Z. Sportmed, 71, 85-86.
  • Suel, E. (2020). The relationship between emotional eating and general health among professional basketball players. Progress in Nutrition, 22(2-S), e2020020.
  • Suel, E., & Soylu, Y. (2020). Emotional Eating Tendencies And General Health In Athletes: Gender Role. Ambient Science, 07, (Sp1),170-175.
  • Sundgot-Borgen, J., & Torstveit, M. K. (2004). Prevalence of eating disorders in elite athletes is higher than in the general population. Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine, 14(1), 25-32.
  • Terry, P. C., Lane, A. M., Lane, H. J., & Keohane, L. (1999). Development and validation of a mood measure for adolescents. Journal of sports sciences, 17(11), 861–872.
  • Terry, P. C., Potgieter, J. R., & Fogarty, G. J. (2003). The Stellenbosch Mood Scale: A dual‐language measure of mood. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 1(3), 231-245.
  • Turgut M, Soylu Y. (2021). Effects of 8-week zumba exercise on blood lipids profile in sedentary women. Pedagogy of Physical Culture and Sports, 25(3), 172-177.
  • Turgut, M., Soylu, Y., & Metin, S. N. (2020). Physical activity, night eating, and mood state profiles of athletes during the COVID-19 pandemic. Progress in Nutrition, 22(2-S), e2020019.
  • van Strien, T. (2005). Handleiding Nederlandse Vragenlijst voor Eetgedrag [Manual Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire]. Amsterdam: Boom Test Publishers.
  • Wanner, M., Richard, A., Martin, B., Faeh, D., & Rohrmann, S. (2017). Associations between self-reported and objectively measured physical activity, sedentary behavior and overweight/obesity in NHANES 2003-2006. International journal of obesity (2005), 41(1), 186–193.
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There are 53 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Sports Medicine
Journal Section Article
Authors

Yusuf Soylu

Mine Turgut

Abdullah Canikli

Mehmet Kargün

Publication Date August 30, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 5 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Soylu, Y., Turgut, M., Canikli, A., Kargün, M. (2021). Fiziksel Aktivite, Duygusal Yeme ve Ruh Hali İlişkisi: Kovid-19 ve Üniversite Öğrencileri. Spor Eğitim Dergisi, 5(2), 88-97.

Journal of Sports Education © 2017 by Ibrahim Erdemir is licensed under CC BY 4.0