Hastane Ve Üniversite’de Stigma: HIV/AIDS Pozitif Hastalarına Yönelik Tutum, Davranış ve İnanışların İncelenmesi, İstanbul

Özlem Köseoğlu Örnek; Elif İşcan Kocamış

doi:10.17942/sted.884593

Research Article

Hastane Ve Üniversite’de Stigma: HIV/AIDS Pozitif Hastalarına Yönelik Tutum, Davranış ve İnanışların İncelenmesi, İstanbul

Year 2022, Volume: 31 Issue: 1, 1 - 13, 11.03.2022

Özlem Köseoğlu Örnek Elif İşcan Kocamış

https://doi.org/10.17942/sted.884593

Abstract

Amaç: HIV/AIDS ile ilişkili stigma ve ayrımcılık önemli bir halk sağlığı sorunu olan HIV/AIDS ile mücadelede bariyer olmaya devam etmektedir. Bu amaçla, üniversite araştırma hastanelerinde çalışan yardımcı personelin ve sağlık bilimleri fakültesi öğrencilerin HIV/AIDS hastalarına yönelik tutum, davranış ve yaklaşımları incelemektedir. Tanımlayıcı tasarıma sahip bu araştırma, hastanede çalışan hastabakıcı, temizlik elemanı gibi yardımcı personel ve sağlık bilimleri fakültesinde okuyan öğrencilerden oluşmaktadır. Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı özellikler formu ve AIDS ile ilişkili stigma ölçeğinden oluşmaktadır. Bulgular: Bu çalışmanın örneklemi %57.1(451)’i üniversite öğrencileri ve %42.9(339)’u hastanede çalışan temizlik elemanı, hastabakıcı, sekreter ve diğer olmayan personeller olmak üzere toplam 790 kişiden oluşmaktadır. Hastane çalışanları ile öğrenci grubunun AIDS ile ilişkili stigma ölçeği toplam puan ortalaması arasında anlamlı ilişki bulunamadı(p>.05). Katılımcıların yardımcı personel ve öğrenci olma durumu ile AIDS hastalarının çalışma hayatından izole edilmesi, toplumdan izole edilmesi, arkadaşlık kurmayı istememe, AIDS hastalarının yaşamlarında yaptıkları yanlış bir şeyden dolayı AIDS hastalığına yakalandığından cezalandırılmayı hak ettiği, yönünde ki yaklaşımlar arasında anlamlı ilişki bulundu(p<.05). Sonuç: Toplum sağlığında önemli bir yere sahip olan gruplarla yapılan bu çalışmanın sonuçları HIV/AIDS hastalarına yönelik stigmatize inanış, tutum, davranış ve yaklaşımların düzeyi farklılık gösterse de devam ettiğini göstermektedir. Stigmatize yaklaşım ve tutumlar evrensel insan hakları temel alınarak üniversite ve hastanelerde tartışılması sorunun çözümüne katkı sunacaktır.

Keywords

stigma, HIV/AIDS, diyetisyen öğrenciler, hemşirelik öğrencileri, fizik tedavi ve rehabilitasyon öğrencileri

Supporting Institution

Bu araştırma, İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri birimi tarafından desteklenmiştir.

Project Number

no:2017-01.001

Thanks

Çalışmaya gönüllü katılarak önemli bir halk sorunu olan HIV/AIDS ile ilişkili düşüncelerini aktararak destek sunan katılımcılara teşekkür ederim.

References

KAYNAKLAR 1. WHO. HIV/AIDS; Key facts [Internet]. World Health Organization. 2021 [cited 2021 Jan 28]. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hiv-aids
2. Ornek OK, Ardic A. Evaluation of Nursing Practice in Patients With HIV/AIDS with the Omaha System Electronic-Based Information Program: A Retrospective Study. CIN Comput Informatics, Nurs. 2019;37(9):482–90.
3. Ornek OK, Tabak F, Mete B. Stigma in Hospital : an examination of beliefs and attitudes towards HIV / AIDS patients , Istanbul. AIDS Care. 2020;0(0):1–7.
4. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. About HIV/AIDS [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2021 Jan 29]. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/basics/whatishiv.html
5. Abedinia N, Rasoolinajad M, Noorbala A, Badie BM. I am HIV-positive , but I am a human being : qualitative study on experiences of stigma in health care centres in the Islamic Republic of Iran. East Mediterr Heal J. 2019;25(10):669–76.
6. Andrewin A, Chien LY. Stigmatization of patients with HIV/AIDS among doctors and nurses in Belize. AIDS Patient Care STDS. 2008;22(11):897–906.
7. Gesesew HA, Gebremedhin AT, Demissie TD, Kerie MW, Sudhakar M, Mwanri L. Significant association between perceived HIV related stigma and late presentation for HIV / AIDS care in low and middle-income countries : A systematic review and meta- analysis. PLoS One. 2017;12(3):e0173928.
8. Gagnon M. Re-thinking HIV-Related Stigma in Health Care Settings : A Qualitative Study. J Assoc Nurses AIDS Care. 2015;26(6):703–19.
9. Mahajan AP, Kinsler JJ, Cunningham WE, James S, Makam L, Manchanda R, et al. Does the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Recommendation of Opt-Out HIV Screening Impact the Effect of Stigma on HIV Test Acceptance? AIDS Behav. 2016;20:107–14.
10. Bader A, Kremer H, Erlich-trungenberger I, Rojas R, Lohmann M, Deobald O, et al. An adherence typology : Coping , quality of life , and physical symptoms of people living with HIV / AIDS and their adherence to antiretroviral treatment. Med Sci Monit. 2006;12(12):493–501.
11. Oran NT, Şenuzun F. A loop to be broken in a society: HIV/AIDS stigma and coping strategies. J Hum Sci. 2008;5(1).
12. Mahajan AP, Sayles JN, Patel VA, Remien RH, Sawires SR, Ortiz DJ, et al. Stigma in the HIV/AIDS epidemic: a review of the literature and recommendations for the way forward. AIDS. 2008;22(Suppl 2):67–79.
13. Çerçi P, İnkaya AÇ, Alp Ş, Tümer A, Ünal S. Evaluation of 255 HIV/AIDS Cases: Hacettepe Cohort, Ankara, Turkey. Mikrobiyol Bul. 2016;50(1):94–103.
14. Parker R, Aggleton P. HIV and AIDS-related stigma and discrimination: A conceptual framework and implications for action. Soc Sci Med. 2003;57:13–24.
15. Maluwa M, Aggleton P, Parker R. HIV- and AIDS-Related Stigma , Discrimination , and Human Rights : A Critical Overview. Health Hum Rights. 2002;6(1):1–18.
16. Bharat S. A systematic review of HIV/AIDS related stigma and disccrimination in India: Current under- standing and future needs. ournal Soc Asp HIV/AIDS. 2011;8(3):138–49.
17. Reyes-Estrada M, Varas-Díaz N, Martínez-Sarson MT. Religion and HIV/AIDS Stigma: Considerations for the Nursing Profession. New School Psychol Bull [Internet]. 2015;12(1):48–55. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26858806%0Ahttp://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=PMC4744372
18. Özdemir HÖ, Tosun S, Özdemir D, Korkmaz E. The determinants of employability of people living with HIV / AIDS in Turkey. Am J Ind Med. 2020;63:92–8.
19. Wagener MN, Roelofs PDDM, Miedema HS, Dees PM, Dahmen R, Gorp ECM Van, et al. The development of a multidisciplinary , evidence- based guideline for “ HIV and employment .” AIDS Care. 2015;27(2):133–41.
20. Oliva J. Health economics letters labour participation of people living with HIV / AIDS in Spain. Health Econ. 2010;500(April 2009):491–500.
21. Sorsdahl KR, Mall S, Stein DJ, Joska JA. The prevalence and predictors of stigma amongst people living with HIV/AIDS in the Western Province. AIDS Care. 2011;23:680–685.
22. Gokengin D, Calik Ş, Oktem P. Türkiye ’ de HIV ’ le İlgili Damgalama ve Ayrımcılığın Analizi : HIV ’ le Yaşayan Kişiler İçin Damgalanma Göstergesi Sonuçları. Klimik J / Klimik Derg. 2017;30(1):15–21.
23. Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Sağlık Bakanlığı. HIV-AIDS İstatistik [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2021 Jan 28]. Available from: https://hsgm.saglik.gov.tr/tr/bulasici-hastaliklar/hiv-aids/hiv-aids-liste/hiv-aids-istatislik.html
24. Lau JTF, Tsui HY, Li CK, Chung RWY, Chan MW, Molassiotis A. Needs assessment and social environment of people living with HIV/AIDS in Hong Kong. AIDS Care - Psychol Socio-Medical Asp AIDS/HIV. 2003;15(5):699–706.
25. Soffer M. HIV/AIDS-related beliefs among Israeli Arab-Palestinian women. Heal Soc Care Community. 2020;28(1):216–24.
26. Kusuma MTPL, Kidd T, Muturi N, Procter SB, Yarrow L, Hsu WW. HIV knowledge and stigma among dietetic students in Indonesia: Implications for the nutrition education system. BMC Infect Dis. 2020;20(663).
27. Haffejee F, Maughan-Brown B, Buthelezi T, Kharsany ABM. Perceived HIV-related stigma among university students in South Africa: implications for HIV testing. African J AIDS Res. 2018;17(2):109–18.
28. Wong LP. Multi-ethnic perspective of uptake of HIV testing and HIV-related stigma: A cross-sectional population-based study. AIDS Care. 2013;25(11):1356–1369.
29. Fortwengel G, Ibeneme S, Behnsen J, Heinrich L, Ilenseer S, Kirchner S, et al. Association of Education and Knowledge of HIV with HIV Stigma in Thirteen Selected African Countries. Cent African J Public Heal. 2018;4(2):48–58.
30. Li X, Yuan L, Li X, Shi J, Jiang L, Zhang C, et al. Factors associated with stigma attitude towards people living with HIV among general individuals in Heilongjiang , Northeast China. BMC Infect Dis. 2017;17(154):1–7.
31. Kalichman SC, Simbayi LC, Jooste S, Toefy Y, Cain D, Cherry C, et al. Development of a brief scale to measure AIDS-related stigma in South Africa. AIDS Behav. 2005;9(2):135–43.
32. Zhao M, Liu B, Zheng T, Xu J, Hao Y, Wang J, et al. Factors associated with hostility among people living with HIV / AIDS in Northeast China : a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health. 2019;19(1189).
33. Abadiga M. Depression and its associated factors among HIV / AIDS patients attending ART clinics at Gimbi General hospital , West Ethiopia , 2018. BMC Res Notes. 2019;12(527):1–8.
34. Bezabhe WM, Chalmers L, Bereznicki LR, Peterson GM, Bimirew MA, Kassie DM. Barriers and Facilitators of Adherence to Antiretroviral Drug Therapy and Retention in Care among Adult HIV- Positive Patients : A Qualitative Study from Ethiopia. PLoS One. 2014;9(5).
35. George LS, Rakesh PS, Vijayakumar K, Kunoor A, Kumar A. Social stigma associated with TB and HIV/AIDS among Kudumbashree members: A crosssectional study. J Fam Med Prim Care. 2020;9(8):4062–6.
36. Rönnblad T, Grönholm E, Jonsson J, Koranyi I, Orellana C, Kreschpaj B, et al. Precarious employment and mental health: a systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. Scand J Work Environ Heal. 2019;45(5):429–43.
37. Ornek OK, Weinmann T, Waibel J, Radon K. Precarious employment and migrant workers ’ mental health : a protocol for a systematic review of observational studies. 2020;1–6.
38. Badahdah AM, Sayem N. HIV-related knowledge and AIDS stigma among college students in Yemen. East Mediterr Heal J. 2010;16(8):901–6.
39. Bozkurt O, Bayırlı Turan D. Evaluation of the knowledge and stigmatization level of HIV/AIDS and related factors. J Psychiatr Nurs. 2020;11(1):41–8.
40. Babaoğlu ÜT, Demİr G, Bİçer S. Hemşirelik Bölümü Öğrencilerinin HIV/AIDS hakkındaki bilgi düzeyleri ve tutumlarının dğerlendirilmesi (Assessment of the Knowledge Level of Students of Department of Nursing About HIV / AIDS and Attitudes Toward it). Bozok Tıp Derg. 2018;8(1):18–24.
41. Shah SM, Heylen E, Srinivasan K, Perumpil S, Ekstrand ML. Reducing HIV Stigma Among Nursing Students: A Brief Intervention. West J Nurs Res. 2014;36(10):1323–37.
42. Maughan-brown B, Spaull N. HIV-Related Discrimination among Grade Six Students in Nine Southern African Countries. PLoS One. 2014;9(8).
43. Platten M, Pham HN, Nguyen H V. Knowledge of HIV and factors associated with attitudes towards HIV among final-year medical students at Hanoi medical university in Vietnam.[Erratum appears in BMC Public Health. 2014;14:576 Note: Nguyen, Nhu T [added]; Le, Giang M [added]]. BMC Public Health. 2014;14:265.

Year 2022, Volume: 31 Issue: 1, 1 - 13, 11.03.2022

Özlem Köseoğlu Örnek Elif İşcan Kocamış

https://doi.org/10.17942/sted.884593

Abstract

Project Number

no:2017-01.001

References

KAYNAKLAR 1. WHO. HIV/AIDS; Key facts [Internet]. World Health Organization. 2021 [cited 2021 Jan 28]. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hiv-aids
2. Ornek OK, Ardic A. Evaluation of Nursing Practice in Patients With HIV/AIDS with the Omaha System Electronic-Based Information Program: A Retrospective Study. CIN Comput Informatics, Nurs. 2019;37(9):482–90.
3. Ornek OK, Tabak F, Mete B. Stigma in Hospital : an examination of beliefs and attitudes towards HIV / AIDS patients , Istanbul. AIDS Care. 2020;0(0):1–7.
4. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. About HIV/AIDS [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2021 Jan 29]. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/basics/whatishiv.html
5. Abedinia N, Rasoolinajad M, Noorbala A, Badie BM. I am HIV-positive , but I am a human being : qualitative study on experiences of stigma in health care centres in the Islamic Republic of Iran. East Mediterr Heal J. 2019;25(10):669–76.
6. Andrewin A, Chien LY. Stigmatization of patients with HIV/AIDS among doctors and nurses in Belize. AIDS Patient Care STDS. 2008;22(11):897–906.
7. Gesesew HA, Gebremedhin AT, Demissie TD, Kerie MW, Sudhakar M, Mwanri L. Significant association between perceived HIV related stigma and late presentation for HIV / AIDS care in low and middle-income countries : A systematic review and meta- analysis. PLoS One. 2017;12(3):e0173928.
8. Gagnon M. Re-thinking HIV-Related Stigma in Health Care Settings : A Qualitative Study. J Assoc Nurses AIDS Care. 2015;26(6):703–19.
9. Mahajan AP, Kinsler JJ, Cunningham WE, James S, Makam L, Manchanda R, et al. Does the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Recommendation of Opt-Out HIV Screening Impact the Effect of Stigma on HIV Test Acceptance? AIDS Behav. 2016;20:107–14.
10. Bader A, Kremer H, Erlich-trungenberger I, Rojas R, Lohmann M, Deobald O, et al. An adherence typology : Coping , quality of life , and physical symptoms of people living with HIV / AIDS and their adherence to antiretroviral treatment. Med Sci Monit. 2006;12(12):493–501.
11. Oran NT, Şenuzun F. A loop to be broken in a society: HIV/AIDS stigma and coping strategies. J Hum Sci. 2008;5(1).
12. Mahajan AP, Sayles JN, Patel VA, Remien RH, Sawires SR, Ortiz DJ, et al. Stigma in the HIV/AIDS epidemic: a review of the literature and recommendations for the way forward. AIDS. 2008;22(Suppl 2):67–79.
13. Çerçi P, İnkaya AÇ, Alp Ş, Tümer A, Ünal S. Evaluation of 255 HIV/AIDS Cases: Hacettepe Cohort, Ankara, Turkey. Mikrobiyol Bul. 2016;50(1):94–103.
14. Parker R, Aggleton P. HIV and AIDS-related stigma and discrimination: A conceptual framework and implications for action. Soc Sci Med. 2003;57:13–24.
15. Maluwa M, Aggleton P, Parker R. HIV- and AIDS-Related Stigma , Discrimination , and Human Rights : A Critical Overview. Health Hum Rights. 2002;6(1):1–18.
16. Bharat S. A systematic review of HIV/AIDS related stigma and disccrimination in India: Current under- standing and future needs. ournal Soc Asp HIV/AIDS. 2011;8(3):138–49.
17. Reyes-Estrada M, Varas-Díaz N, Martínez-Sarson MT. Religion and HIV/AIDS Stigma: Considerations for the Nursing Profession. New School Psychol Bull [Internet]. 2015;12(1):48–55. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26858806%0Ahttp://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=PMC4744372
18. Özdemir HÖ, Tosun S, Özdemir D, Korkmaz E. The determinants of employability of people living with HIV / AIDS in Turkey. Am J Ind Med. 2020;63:92–8.
19. Wagener MN, Roelofs PDDM, Miedema HS, Dees PM, Dahmen R, Gorp ECM Van, et al. The development of a multidisciplinary , evidence- based guideline for “ HIV and employment .” AIDS Care. 2015;27(2):133–41.
20. Oliva J. Health economics letters labour participation of people living with HIV / AIDS in Spain. Health Econ. 2010;500(April 2009):491–500.
21. Sorsdahl KR, Mall S, Stein DJ, Joska JA. The prevalence and predictors of stigma amongst people living with HIV/AIDS in the Western Province. AIDS Care. 2011;23:680–685.
22. Gokengin D, Calik Ş, Oktem P. Türkiye ’ de HIV ’ le İlgili Damgalama ve Ayrımcılığın Analizi : HIV ’ le Yaşayan Kişiler İçin Damgalanma Göstergesi Sonuçları. Klimik J / Klimik Derg. 2017;30(1):15–21.
23. Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Sağlık Bakanlığı. HIV-AIDS İstatistik [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2021 Jan 28]. Available from: https://hsgm.saglik.gov.tr/tr/bulasici-hastaliklar/hiv-aids/hiv-aids-liste/hiv-aids-istatislik.html
24. Lau JTF, Tsui HY, Li CK, Chung RWY, Chan MW, Molassiotis A. Needs assessment and social environment of people living with HIV/AIDS in Hong Kong. AIDS Care - Psychol Socio-Medical Asp AIDS/HIV. 2003;15(5):699–706.
25. Soffer M. HIV/AIDS-related beliefs among Israeli Arab-Palestinian women. Heal Soc Care Community. 2020;28(1):216–24.
26. Kusuma MTPL, Kidd T, Muturi N, Procter SB, Yarrow L, Hsu WW. HIV knowledge and stigma among dietetic students in Indonesia: Implications for the nutrition education system. BMC Infect Dis. 2020;20(663).
27. Haffejee F, Maughan-Brown B, Buthelezi T, Kharsany ABM. Perceived HIV-related stigma among university students in South Africa: implications for HIV testing. African J AIDS Res. 2018;17(2):109–18.
28. Wong LP. Multi-ethnic perspective of uptake of HIV testing and HIV-related stigma: A cross-sectional population-based study. AIDS Care. 2013;25(11):1356–1369.
29. Fortwengel G, Ibeneme S, Behnsen J, Heinrich L, Ilenseer S, Kirchner S, et al. Association of Education and Knowledge of HIV with HIV Stigma in Thirteen Selected African Countries. Cent African J Public Heal. 2018;4(2):48–58.
30. Li X, Yuan L, Li X, Shi J, Jiang L, Zhang C, et al. Factors associated with stigma attitude towards people living with HIV among general individuals in Heilongjiang , Northeast China. BMC Infect Dis. 2017;17(154):1–7.
31. Kalichman SC, Simbayi LC, Jooste S, Toefy Y, Cain D, Cherry C, et al. Development of a brief scale to measure AIDS-related stigma in South Africa. AIDS Behav. 2005;9(2):135–43.
32. Zhao M, Liu B, Zheng T, Xu J, Hao Y, Wang J, et al. Factors associated with hostility among people living with HIV / AIDS in Northeast China : a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health. 2019;19(1189).
33. Abadiga M. Depression and its associated factors among HIV / AIDS patients attending ART clinics at Gimbi General hospital , West Ethiopia , 2018. BMC Res Notes. 2019;12(527):1–8.
34. Bezabhe WM, Chalmers L, Bereznicki LR, Peterson GM, Bimirew MA, Kassie DM. Barriers and Facilitators of Adherence to Antiretroviral Drug Therapy and Retention in Care among Adult HIV- Positive Patients : A Qualitative Study from Ethiopia. PLoS One. 2014;9(5).
35. George LS, Rakesh PS, Vijayakumar K, Kunoor A, Kumar A. Social stigma associated with TB and HIV/AIDS among Kudumbashree members: A crosssectional study. J Fam Med Prim Care. 2020;9(8):4062–6.
36. Rönnblad T, Grönholm E, Jonsson J, Koranyi I, Orellana C, Kreschpaj B, et al. Precarious employment and mental health: a systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. Scand J Work Environ Heal. 2019;45(5):429–43.
37. Ornek OK, Weinmann T, Waibel J, Radon K. Precarious employment and migrant workers ’ mental health : a protocol for a systematic review of observational studies. 2020;1–6.
38. Badahdah AM, Sayem N. HIV-related knowledge and AIDS stigma among college students in Yemen. East Mediterr Heal J. 2010;16(8):901–6.
39. Bozkurt O, Bayırlı Turan D. Evaluation of the knowledge and stigmatization level of HIV/AIDS and related factors. J Psychiatr Nurs. 2020;11(1):41–8.
40. Babaoğlu ÜT, Demİr G, Bİçer S. Hemşirelik Bölümü Öğrencilerinin HIV/AIDS hakkındaki bilgi düzeyleri ve tutumlarının dğerlendirilmesi (Assessment of the Knowledge Level of Students of Department of Nursing About HIV / AIDS and Attitudes Toward it). Bozok Tıp Derg. 2018;8(1):18–24.
41. Shah SM, Heylen E, Srinivasan K, Perumpil S, Ekstrand ML. Reducing HIV Stigma Among Nursing Students: A Brief Intervention. West J Nurs Res. 2014;36(10):1323–37.
42. Maughan-brown B, Spaull N. HIV-Related Discrimination among Grade Six Students in Nine Southern African Countries. PLoS One. 2014;9(8).
43. Platten M, Pham HN, Nguyen H V. Knowledge of HIV and factors associated with attitudes towards HIV among final-year medical students at Hanoi medical university in Vietnam.[Erratum appears in BMC Public Health. 2014;14:576 Note: Nguyen, Nhu T [added]; Le, Giang M [added]]. BMC Public Health. 2014;14:265.

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Details

Primary Language	Turkish
Subjects	Health Care Administration
Journal Section	Orijinal Research
Authors	Özlem Köseoğlu Örnek 0000-0002-9101-6256 Elif İşcan Kocamış This is me 0000-0002-9226-4243
Project Number	no:2017-01.001
Early Pub Date	March 11, 2022
Publication Date	March 11, 2022
Published in Issue	Year 2022 Volume: 31 Issue: 1

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Vancouver	Köseoğlu Örnek Ö, İşcan Kocamış E. Hastane Ve Üniversite’de Stigma: HIV/AIDS Pozitif Hastalarına Yönelik Tutum, Davranış ve İnanışların İncelenmesi, İstanbul. JCME. 2022;31(1):1-13.

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