Abstract
Amaç: Bu araştırma, gebelikte veya doğum sırasında COVID-19 enfeksiyonunu geçirmenin doğum sonu dönemde travma sonrası stres belirti düzeyine etkisini belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır.
Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı tipteki bu çalışmada veriler; kişisel bilgi formu, City Doğum Travması Ölçeği (CDTÖ) ve Beck Depresyon Ölçeği (BDÖ) kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Araştırmanın evrenini Mart 2021-Ağustos 2021 tarihleri arasında bir kamu hastanesi çocuk/doğum polikliniklerine başvuran kadınlar oluşturmuştur. Örneklem, City Doğum Travması Ölçeğinin ortalaması kullanılarak yapılan power analizi ile belirlenmiştir. Güven aralığı %95, hata payı %5, etki büyüklüğünü 0,3 olarak alınarak COVID-19 enfeksiyonu geçiren grupta 202, geçirmeyen grupta ise 200 kişi alınarak çalışma tamamlanmıştır.
Bulgular: Gebelikte COVID-19 enfeksiyonu geçiren katılımcıların CDTÖ kriterlerini karşılama ve BDÖ’ye göre şiddetli depresif belirti gösterme durumu COVID enfeksiyonu geçirmeyenlere göre anlamlı derecede yüksekti (p<0,05). Gebelikte COVID-19 enfeksiyonu geçiren katılımcıların CDTÖ puanı ile BDÖ puanı arasında pozitif yönlü anlamlı bir ilişki olduğu (r=0,695, p<0,001) saptanmıştır.
Sonuç: Gebelik veya doğum sürecinde geçirilen COVID-19 enfeksiyonu doğum sonu stres belirti düzeyinin ve depresif belirtilerin artmasına neden olmaktadır.
References
- Schwartz DA. An analysis of 38 pregnant women with COVID-19, their newborn infants, and maternal-fetal transmission of SARS-CoV-2: Maternal Coronavirus infections and pregnancy outcomes. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2020;144(7):799-805.
- Gujski M, Humeniuk E, Bojar I. Current state of knowledge about SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 disease in pregnant women. Medical Science Monitor.2020;26:11037.
- Ellington S, Strid P, Tong VT, Woodworth K, Galang RR, et al. Characteristics of women of reproductive age with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection by pregnancy status United States, January 22–June 7. 2020. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report.2020;69(25):769–75.
- Durankuş F, Aksu E. Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on anxiety and depressive symptoms in pregnant women: A preliminary study. The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine. 2022;35(2):205-11.
- Işıkalan MM, Gündoğan KM, Khiavi Ebrahimzadeh P, Alp EC, Acar A. SARS-CoV2 ile enfekte iken doğum yapan kadınlarda postpartum depresyon riski artıyor mu? Türkiye’de bir pilot çalışma. Kocaeli MedJ. 2021;10(Özel sayı 1):29-34.
- Bay F. Kadınlarda travmatik doğum algısı ve postpartum depresyon ile ilişkisi. E.O.Ü Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, 2019, Eskişehir
- Bayrı Bingöl F, Demirgöz Bal M, Dişsiz M, Taylan Sormageç M,Dikmen Yildiz P. Validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the City Birth Trauma Scale (CityBiTS). Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 2021;41(7):1023-31.
- Beck AT. An inventoryfor measuring depression. Archives of General Psychiatry. 1961;7:151-69.
- Hisli N. Beck Depresyon Envanterinin geçerliği üzerine bir çalışma, Psikoloji Dergisi. 1989;22:118-26.
- Diamond RM, Colaianni A. The impact of perinatal healthcare changes on birth trauma during COVID-19. Women and Birth. 2021;11:1871-5192.
- Gonzalez Garcia V, Exertier M, Denis A. Anxiety, post-traumatic stress symptoms, and emotion regulation: A longitudinal study of pregnant women having given birth during the COVID-19 pandemic. European Journal of Trauma Dissociation. 2021;5(2):100225.
- Mayopoulos GA, Ein-Dor T, Dishy GA, Nandru R, Chan SJ, et al. COVID-19 is associated with traumatic childbirth and subsequent mother-infant bonding problems. J Affect Disord. 2021;5(282):122-5.
- Liu CH, Erdei C, Mittal L. Risk factors for depression, anxiety, and PTSD symptoms in perinatal women during the COVID-19 pandemic. Psychiatry Res. 2021;1(295):113552.
- .Wang D, Hu B, Hu C, Zhu F, Liu X, et al. Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 Novel Coronavirus infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China. JAMA 2020;323(11):1061-9.
- Ceulemans M, Foulon V, Ngo E, Panchaud A, Winterfeld U, et al. Mental health status of pregnant and breastfeeding women during the COVID-19 pandemic - A multinational cross-sectional study. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2021 Jul;100(7):1219-29.
- Collins LF, Sheth AN, Mehta CC, Naggie S, Golub ET, et al. The prevalence and burden of non-AIDS comorbidities among women living with or at risk for Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection in the United States. Clin Infect Dis. 2021;26;72(8):1301-11.
- Tsakır B. Yüksek riskli gebelik kliniğinde takipli, gebeliğinde Covid-19 hastalığı geçirmiş kadınlarla geçirmemiş kadınların geç postpartum depresyon sıklığının karşılaştırması. S.B.Ü. Ankara Şehir Hastanesi Kadın Hastalıkları ve Doğum Kliniği, Tıpta Uzmanlık Tezi, 2021. Ankara.
- Dekel S, Ein-Dor T, Dishy GA, Mayopoulos PA. Beyond postpartum depression: Posttraumatic stress-depressive response following childbirth. Arch Womens Ment Health. 2020 Aug;23(4):557-64.
- Ostacoli L, Cosma S, Bevilacqua F, Berchialla P, Bovetti M, et al. Psychosocial factors associated with postpartum psychological distress during the Covid-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2020 Nov 18;20(1):703.
- Handelzalts JE, Hairston IS, Levy S, Orkaby N, Krissi H, Peled Y. COVID-19 related worry moderates the association between postpartum depression and mother-infant bonding. J Psychiatr Res. 2022;5(149):83-6.
- Basu A, Kim HH, Basaldua R, Choi KW, Charron L, Kelsall N, Hernandez-Diaz S, Wyszynski DF, Koenen KC. A cross-national study of factors associated with women’s perinatal mental health and wellbeing during the COVID-19 pandemic. PLoS One. 2021 Apr 21;16(4):e0249780.
The Effect of COVID-19 Infection During Pregnancy and Childbirth on Levels of Post-Traumatic Stress Symptoms
Abstract
Objective: This study was conducted to determine the effect of COVID-19 infection during pregnancy or childbirth on the level of posttraumatic stress symptoms in the postpartum period.
Method: In this descriptive study, data were collected using a personal information form, the City Birth Trauma Scale (CBTS) and the Beck Depression Scale (BDS). The study population consisted of women who attended the pediatric/maternity outpatient clinics of a public hospital between March 2021 and August 2021. The sample size was determined by power analysis using the mean of the City Birth Trauma Scale. Using a confidence interval of 95%, a margin of error of 5%, and an effect size of 0.3, the study was completed with 202 individuals in the group with COVID-19 infection and 200 individuals in the group without COVID-19 infection.
Results: Participants with COVID-19 infection during pregnancy were significantly more likely to meet (CBTS) criteria and to have severe depressive symptoms on the BDI than those without COVID-19 infection (p<0.05). There was a significant positive correlation between the (CBTS) score and the BDI score of participants with COVID-19 infection during pregnancy (r=0.695, p<0.001).
Conclusion: COVID-19 infection during pregnancy or labour is associated with increased postpartum stress and depressive symptoms.
References
- Schwartz DA. An analysis of 38 pregnant women with COVID-19, their newborn infants, and maternal-fetal transmission of SARS-CoV-2: Maternal Coronavirus infections and pregnancy outcomes. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2020;144(7):799-805.
- Gujski M, Humeniuk E, Bojar I. Current state of knowledge about SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 disease in pregnant women. Medical Science Monitor.2020;26:11037.
- Ellington S, Strid P, Tong VT, Woodworth K, Galang RR, et al. Characteristics of women of reproductive age with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection by pregnancy status United States, January 22–June 7. 2020. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report.2020;69(25):769–75.
- Durankuş F, Aksu E. Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on anxiety and depressive symptoms in pregnant women: A preliminary study. The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine. 2022;35(2):205-11.
- Işıkalan MM, Gündoğan KM, Khiavi Ebrahimzadeh P, Alp EC, Acar A. SARS-CoV2 ile enfekte iken doğum yapan kadınlarda postpartum depresyon riski artıyor mu? Türkiye’de bir pilot çalışma. Kocaeli MedJ. 2021;10(Özel sayı 1):29-34.
- Bay F. Kadınlarda travmatik doğum algısı ve postpartum depresyon ile ilişkisi. E.O.Ü Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, 2019, Eskişehir
- Bayrı Bingöl F, Demirgöz Bal M, Dişsiz M, Taylan Sormageç M,Dikmen Yildiz P. Validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the City Birth Trauma Scale (CityBiTS). Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 2021;41(7):1023-31.
- Beck AT. An inventoryfor measuring depression. Archives of General Psychiatry. 1961;7:151-69.
- Hisli N. Beck Depresyon Envanterinin geçerliği üzerine bir çalışma, Psikoloji Dergisi. 1989;22:118-26.
- Diamond RM, Colaianni A. The impact of perinatal healthcare changes on birth trauma during COVID-19. Women and Birth. 2021;11:1871-5192.
- Gonzalez Garcia V, Exertier M, Denis A. Anxiety, post-traumatic stress symptoms, and emotion regulation: A longitudinal study of pregnant women having given birth during the COVID-19 pandemic. European Journal of Trauma Dissociation. 2021;5(2):100225.
- Mayopoulos GA, Ein-Dor T, Dishy GA, Nandru R, Chan SJ, et al. COVID-19 is associated with traumatic childbirth and subsequent mother-infant bonding problems. J Affect Disord. 2021;5(282):122-5.
- Liu CH, Erdei C, Mittal L. Risk factors for depression, anxiety, and PTSD symptoms in perinatal women during the COVID-19 pandemic. Psychiatry Res. 2021;1(295):113552.
- .Wang D, Hu B, Hu C, Zhu F, Liu X, et al. Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 Novel Coronavirus infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China. JAMA 2020;323(11):1061-9.
- Ceulemans M, Foulon V, Ngo E, Panchaud A, Winterfeld U, et al. Mental health status of pregnant and breastfeeding women during the COVID-19 pandemic - A multinational cross-sectional study. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2021 Jul;100(7):1219-29.
- Collins LF, Sheth AN, Mehta CC, Naggie S, Golub ET, et al. The prevalence and burden of non-AIDS comorbidities among women living with or at risk for Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection in the United States. Clin Infect Dis. 2021;26;72(8):1301-11.
- Tsakır B. Yüksek riskli gebelik kliniğinde takipli, gebeliğinde Covid-19 hastalığı geçirmiş kadınlarla geçirmemiş kadınların geç postpartum depresyon sıklığının karşılaştırması. S.B.Ü. Ankara Şehir Hastanesi Kadın Hastalıkları ve Doğum Kliniği, Tıpta Uzmanlık Tezi, 2021. Ankara.
- Dekel S, Ein-Dor T, Dishy GA, Mayopoulos PA. Beyond postpartum depression: Posttraumatic stress-depressive response following childbirth. Arch Womens Ment Health. 2020 Aug;23(4):557-64.
- Ostacoli L, Cosma S, Bevilacqua F, Berchialla P, Bovetti M, et al. Psychosocial factors associated with postpartum psychological distress during the Covid-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2020 Nov 18;20(1):703.
- Handelzalts JE, Hairston IS, Levy S, Orkaby N, Krissi H, Peled Y. COVID-19 related worry moderates the association between postpartum depression and mother-infant bonding. J Psychiatr Res. 2022;5(149):83-6.
- Basu A, Kim HH, Basaldua R, Choi KW, Charron L, Kelsall N, Hernandez-Diaz S, Wyszynski DF, Koenen KC. A cross-national study of factors associated with women’s perinatal mental health and wellbeing during the COVID-19 pandemic. PLoS One. 2021 Apr 21;16(4):e0249780.
Details
| Primary Language | Turkish |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Epidemiology (Other) |
| Journal Section | Research Article |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | April 29, 2024 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2023 Volume: 32 Issue: 6 |
