Abstract
Background: The
aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of secondhand parental smoking in pediatric
intensive care unit patients.
Methods: This
cross sectional prospective survey study was conducted as a questionnaire
regarding the smoking habits of all parents of hospitalized patients in our pediatric
intensive care unit between September 2014 and January 2015. We studied the prevalence
and potential effects of secondhand parental smoking on the diagnosis, severity
of disease, duration of hospitalization and length of stay on mechanical
ventilation.
Results: A
total of 125 female and 178 male were included in the study. The median age was
53 (min:1 - max: 216) months. Indications of hospitalizations were intoxication
(16.5%), neurological disorders (14.9%), malignancy (12.9%), congenital heart
diseases (11.2%), genetic syndromes (9.9%), trauma (9.6%), shock (%7.3),
arrhythmia (6.3%), renal failure (5%), diabetes (2.6%), burns (2.6%) and
metabolic diseases (%1.3). A total of 42.2% of patients were on invasive, 5.3%
were on non-invasive mechanical ventilation. Mothers, fathers and guests
smoking rates were 40.6%; 75.2% and 58.4% respectively. The rate of illiterate
fathers and mothers were higher in secondhand parental smoking group compared
with non-exposure group (6% vs 4%, p=0.004, 10.7% vs 5.7%, p=0.21,
respectively). The secondhand parental smoking rate was 76.9% whereas the smoking prevalence in Turkey was determined to be
30.5% for the whole population reflecting an increased velocity of PICU
admissions. The secondhand parental smoking rate of children diagnosed
as malignancy was 16.4% compared with non-exposed group (1.4%) which was
statistically significant (p<0.05). There was no significant difference in
secondhand parental smoking rate was of children diagnosed as intoxication,
trauma, burns and others. The mean length of stay in MV and Pediatric Risk of Mortality (PRISM) score
were 5.8 days ± 6.3 and 11.6 ± 8 respectively.. The
PRISM score was statistically significant in secondhand parental
smoking exposed children compared with non-exposed ones ( 12.2 ± 7.9 vs 9.6 ±
7.8 ; p= 0.007). The length of stay in pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) and
duration of mechanical ventilation were longer in children secondhand smoking
exposure (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Secondhand
smoking is related with increased velocity of PICU admissions, severity of
disease, increased diagnosis of malignancies, prolonged duration of mechanical
ventilation and PICU stay. Besides, secondhand exposed patients are more likely
to have low parental education level.
References
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- 2. Vineis P, Hoek G, Krzyzanowski M, Vigna-Taglianti F, Veglia F, Airoldi L, et al. Lung cancers attributable to environmental tobacco smoke and air pollution in non-smokers in different European countries: a prospective study. Environ Health. 2007;6:7.
- 3. Lee W, Lee S, Kim J, Kim J, Kim YK, Kim K, et al. Relationship Between Exposure to Second-Hand Smoke in the Workplace and Occupational Injury in the Republic of Korea. Ann Work Expo Health. 2017;62:41-52. 4. González Barcala FJ, Takkouche B, Valdés L, Temes E, Leis R, Cabanas R, et al. Parental smoking and lung function in healthy children and adolescents. Arch Bronconeumol. 2007;43:81-5.
- 5. Soesanti F, Uiterwaal CSPM, Grobbee DE, Hendarto A, Dalmeijer GW, Idris NS. Antenatal exposure to second hand smoke of non-smoking mothers and growth rate of their infants. PLoS One. 2019;14:e0218577.
- 6. Hawamdeh A, Kasasbeh FA, Ahmad MA. Effects of passive smoking on children's health: a review. East Mediterr Health J. 2003;9:441-7.
- 7. Shiue I. Correlations of indoor second-hand smoking, household smoking rules, regional deprivation and children mental health: Scottish Health Survey, 2013. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2015;22:9858-63.
- 8. Northrup TF, Green C, Evans PW, Stotts AL. Characteristics associated with intervention and follow-up attendance in a secondhand smoke exposure study for families of NICU infants. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2015;28:1208-13.
- 9. Vitória PD, Machado JC, Araújo AC, Ravara SB, Samorinha C, Antunes H, et al. Children's exposure to second hand smoke at home: a cross-sectional study in Portugal. Rev Port Pneumol 2015;21:178-84.
- 10. Renwick C, Wu Q, Breton MO, Thorley R, Britton J, Lewis S,et al. Cost-effectiveness of a complex intervention to reduce children's exposure to second-handsmoke in the home. BMC Public Health. 2018;18:1252.
- 11. Ozer N, Kilickap M, Tokgozoglu L, Goksuluk H, Karaaslan D, Kayıkcioglu M, et al. Data on smoking in Turkey: Systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression of epidemiological studies on cardiovascular risk factors. Turk Kardiyol Dern Ars. 2018; 46: 602-612. 12. Pollack MM, Patel KM, Ruttimann UE. Prism III: an updated Pediatric Risk of Mortality Score. Crit Care Med 1996; 24:743-52.
- 13. Zhang R, Cao Q, Lu Y. The analysis of cigarette smoking behaviors and its influencing factors among chinese urban and rural residents. Acta Univ Med Nanjing (Nat Sci). 2014;34:84–9.
- 14. Xi B, Liang Y, Liu Y, Yan Y, Zhao M, Ma C, et al. Tobacco use and second-hand smoke exposure in young adolescents aged 12-15 years: data from 68 low-income and middle-income countries. Lancet Glob Health. 2016;4:e795-e805.
- .
Abstract
References
- References1. Oberg M, Jaakkola MS, Woodward A, Peruga A, Prüss-Ustün A. Worldwide burden of disease from exposure to second-hand smoke: a retrospective analysis of data from 192 countries. Lancet. 2011;377:139-46.
- 2. Vineis P, Hoek G, Krzyzanowski M, Vigna-Taglianti F, Veglia F, Airoldi L, et al. Lung cancers attributable to environmental tobacco smoke and air pollution in non-smokers in different European countries: a prospective study. Environ Health. 2007;6:7.
- 3. Lee W, Lee S, Kim J, Kim J, Kim YK, Kim K, et al. Relationship Between Exposure to Second-Hand Smoke in the Workplace and Occupational Injury in the Republic of Korea. Ann Work Expo Health. 2017;62:41-52. 4. González Barcala FJ, Takkouche B, Valdés L, Temes E, Leis R, Cabanas R, et al. Parental smoking and lung function in healthy children and adolescents. Arch Bronconeumol. 2007;43:81-5.
- 5. Soesanti F, Uiterwaal CSPM, Grobbee DE, Hendarto A, Dalmeijer GW, Idris NS. Antenatal exposure to second hand smoke of non-smoking mothers and growth rate of their infants. PLoS One. 2019;14:e0218577.
- 6. Hawamdeh A, Kasasbeh FA, Ahmad MA. Effects of passive smoking on children's health: a review. East Mediterr Health J. 2003;9:441-7.
- 7. Shiue I. Correlations of indoor second-hand smoking, household smoking rules, regional deprivation and children mental health: Scottish Health Survey, 2013. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2015;22:9858-63.
- 8. Northrup TF, Green C, Evans PW, Stotts AL. Characteristics associated with intervention and follow-up attendance in a secondhand smoke exposure study for families of NICU infants. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2015;28:1208-13.
- 9. Vitória PD, Machado JC, Araújo AC, Ravara SB, Samorinha C, Antunes H, et al. Children's exposure to second hand smoke at home: a cross-sectional study in Portugal. Rev Port Pneumol 2015;21:178-84.
- 10. Renwick C, Wu Q, Breton MO, Thorley R, Britton J, Lewis S,et al. Cost-effectiveness of a complex intervention to reduce children's exposure to second-handsmoke in the home. BMC Public Health. 2018;18:1252.
- 11. Ozer N, Kilickap M, Tokgozoglu L, Goksuluk H, Karaaslan D, Kayıkcioglu M, et al. Data on smoking in Turkey: Systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression of epidemiological studies on cardiovascular risk factors. Turk Kardiyol Dern Ars. 2018; 46: 602-612. 12. Pollack MM, Patel KM, Ruttimann UE. Prism III: an updated Pediatric Risk of Mortality Score. Crit Care Med 1996; 24:743-52.
- 13. Zhang R, Cao Q, Lu Y. The analysis of cigarette smoking behaviors and its influencing factors among chinese urban and rural residents. Acta Univ Med Nanjing (Nat Sci). 2014;34:84–9.
- 14. Xi B, Liang Y, Liu Y, Yan Y, Zhao M, Ma C, et al. Tobacco use and second-hand smoke exposure in young adolescents aged 12-15 years: data from 68 low-income and middle-income countries. Lancet Glob Health. 2016;4:e795-e805.
- .
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Internal Diseases |
| Journal Section | ORIGINAL ARTICLES |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | September 23, 2019 |
| Submission Date | July 19, 2019 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2019 Volume: 13 Issue: 5 |
The publication language of Turkish Journal of Pediatric Disease is English.
Manuscripts submitted to the Turkish Journal of Pediatric Disease will go through a double-blind peer-review process. Each submission will be reviewed by at least two external, independent peer reviewers who are experts in the field, in order to ensure an unbiased evaluation process. The editorial board will invite an external and independent editor to manage the evaluation processes of manuscripts submitted by editors or by the editorial board members of the journal. The Editor in Chief is the final authority in the decision-making process for all submissions. Articles accepted for publication in the Turkish Journal of Pediatrics are put in the order of publication, with at least 10 original articles in each issue, taking into account the acceptance dates. If the articles sent to the reviewers for evaluation are assessed as a senior for publication by the reviewers, the section editor and the editor considering all aspects (originality, high scientific quality and citation potential), it receives publication priority in addition to the articles assigned for the next issue.
The aim of the Turkish Journal of Pediatrics is to publish high-quality original research articles that will contribute to the international literature in the field of general pediatric health and diseases and its sub-branches. It also publishes editorial opinions, letters to the editor, reviews, case reports, book reviews, comments on previously published articles, meeting and conference proceedings, announcements, and biography. In addition to the field of child health and diseases, the journal also includes articles prepared in fields such as surgery, dentistry, public health, nutrition and dietetics, social services, human genetics, basic sciences, psychology, psychiatry, educational sciences, sociology and nursing, provided that they are related to this field. can be published.