COVİD-19 Pandemisinin Otizm Spektrum Bozukluğu Olan Çocukların Eğitim Süreçlerine ve Ebeveyn Yaşam Kalitesine Etkileri
Abstract
Amaç: Pandemi dönemi sonrasında günlük rutinler değişti ve bu durum ailelerin yaşam kalitesinde ciddi bir düşüşe neden oldu. Pandemi döneminin ve eğitim kurumlarının kapatılmasının otizm spektrum bozukluğu (OSB) olan çocukların ve ailelerinin yaşam kalitesini nasıl etkilediğini göstermeyi amaçladık.
Yöntem: Çalışma tanımlayıcı tipte bir araştırmadır. Araştırmanın evrenini, pandemi öncesinde en az 6 ay boyunca Trabzon ilindeki özel eğitim ve rehabilitasyon merkezleri ile eğitim uygulama okullarına devam eden, Trabzon Otizm Derneğine kayıtlı, 3-16 yaş arası OSB tanısı alan çocukların aileleri ve Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Çocuk ve Ergen Ruh Sağlığı ve Çocuk Nöroloji Polikliniğinde takipli olgular oluşturdu.
Tüm OSB'li ailelere ulaşılması hedeflenmiştir. Ailelerden tasarladığımız anketi doldurmaları istendi. Veriler prospektif olarak yüz yüze toplanmıştır. Anket altı bölümden oluşmaktadır: çocukların ve ebeveynlerin sosyo demografik ve kişisel özellikleri; pandemi döneminde yaşanan eğitim sorunları; pandemi döneminde günlük rutinlerin hem çocuklar hem de aileler üzerindeki etkisi; Otizmde Yaşam Kalitesi Anketi-Ebeveyn Versiyonu; ve Ebeveyn Tükenmişliği Ölçeği.
Bulgular: 169 veli ile iletişime geçildi. Annelerin anketi doldurma oranları babalardan daha yüksekti (%73.1'e karşı %26,9). Okullara devam oranı %11.9 azalırken, düzenli eğitime ulaşılabilirlik %8.1 azaldı. Pandemi, fiziksel aktivitede azalma, uyku süresi ve süresinde değişiklik, düzenli beslenme alışkanlıklarında bozulma gibi hayatın birçok alanında ailelerin ve çocukların günlük rutinlerinde değişikliklere neden olmuştur (sırasıyla p = 0.035; 0.001; 0.004; 0.001). Sonuç olarak günlük rutinleri değişen ebeveynlerin yaşam kalitesi azalmıştır. Tükenmişlik düzeylerinin anlamlı düzeyde arttığı ve PBS toplam puanı ile QoLA puanlarının orta düzeyde anlamlı bir korelasyona sahip olduğu bulunmuştur (rs = 0.411, p<0.001).
Sonuç: Bu çalışmada COVID-19 pandemisinin OSB'li çocukların eğitim sürecini olumsuz etkilediğini gösterdik. Ailelerin yaşam kalitesini artırmak ve tükenmişlik düzeylerini azaltmak amacıyla, pandemi dönemlerinde OSB'li çocuklara ek hizmet olanakları (parklar, oyun alanları, hobi merkezleri vb.) ve özel psikiyatri hizmetlerinin sağlanmasını öneriyoruz.
References
- Govil-Dalela T., Sivaswamy L. Neurological Effects of COVID-19 in Children. Pediatr Clin North Am 2021;68:1081-91.
- Demi̇rbi̇lek Y, Pehli̇vantürk G, Özgüler ZÖ, Alp Meşe E. COVID-19 outbreak control, the example of ministry of health of Turkey. Turk J Med Sci 2020;50:489-94.
- Shen K, Yang Y, Wang T, Zhao D, Jiang Y, Jin R, et al. Diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of 2019 novel coronavirus infection in children: experts’ consensus statement. World J Pediatr 2020;16:223-31.
- Singh S, Roy D, Sinha K, Parveen S, Sharma G, Joshi G. Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations. Psychiatry Res 2020;293:113429.
- Palacio-Ortiz JD, Londoño-Herrera JP, Nanclares-Márquez A, Robledo-Rengifo P, Quintero-Cadavid CP. Trastornos psiquiátricos en los niños y adolescentes en tiempo de la pandemia por COVID-19. Rev Colomb Psiquiatr (Engl Ed) 2020;49:279-88.
- Hirota T, King BH. Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Review. JAMA 2023;329:157-68.
- Creswell C, Shum A, Pearcey S, Skripkauskaite S, Patalay P, Waite P. Young people’s mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic. Lancet Child Adolesc Health 2021;5:535-7.
- Eapen V, Karlov L, John JR, Beneytez C, Grimes PZ, Kang YQ, et al. Quality of life in parents of autistic children: A transcultural perspective. Front Psychol 2023;14.
- Ozgur B, Aksu H, Eser E. Factors affecting quality of life of caregivers of children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder. Indian J Psychiatry 2018;60:278-85.
- Kaner S. Examining Teachers’ Self-Efficacy Beliefs of Students With and Without Specıal Needs. Ankara University Journal of Faculty of Educational Sciences 2010;43:193-27.
- Ardiç A, Olçay S. Determination of Psychometric Properties of the Parents Burnout Scale. Inonu University Journal of the Faculty of Education 2019;20:619-32.
- Lee H, Bayoumi I, Watson A, Davison C, Minnie F, Dionne N, et al. Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Children and Families from Marginalized Groups: A Qualitative Study in Kingston, Ontario. COVID 2021;1:704-16.
- Eldevik S, Hastings RP, Hughes JC, Jahr E, Eikeseth S, Cross S. Meta-Analysis of Early Intensive Behavioral Intervention for Children With Autism. J Child Adolesc Psychol 2009;38:439-50.
- Lee J. Mental health effects of school closures during COVID-19. Lancet Child Adolesc Health 2020;4:421.
- Bellomo TR, Prasad S, Munzer T, Laventhal N. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on children with autism spectrum disorders. J Pediatr Rehabil Med 2020;13:349-54.
The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Educational Process of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Effects on the Parental Quality of Life
Abstract
Background: After the pandemic period, the daily routines changed, and this caused a significant decrease in families’ quality of life. We aimed to show how the pandemic period and closure of educational institutions influenced children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and their families’ quality of life.
Method: The study is a descriptive type of research. The study population consists of families of children aged between 3 and 16 diagnosed with ASD who attended special education and rehabilitation centers and educational practice schools in Trabzon for at least 6 months before the pandemic, registered with the Trabzon Autism Association, and were followed at the Karadeniz Technical University Faculty of Medicine Child and Adolescent Mental Health and Pediatric Neurology Polyclinic.
Families were asked to complete the questionnaire we designed. The data was collected face-to-face prospectively. The questionnaire consisted of six parts: sociodemographic and personal characteristics of children and parents; education problems during the pandemic period; the effect of daily routines during the pandemic period on both children and families; the Quality of Life in Autism Questionnaire-Parent Version; and the Parental Burnout Scale.
Results: We contacted 169 parents. Mothers were more likely than fathers to complete the questionnaire (73.1% vs. 26.9%). School attendance decreased by 11.9%, while regular education availability fell by 8.1%. The pandemic has caused changes in the daily routines of families and children in many areas of life, such as decreased physical activity, changes in sleep duration and time, and deterioration in regular eating habits (p = 0.035; 0.001; 0.004; 0.001, respectively). The QoL of parents whose daily schedules changed decreased as a result. Our study found that their levels of burnout significantly increased, and the PBS total score and the QoLA scores had a moderately significant correlation (rs = 0.411, p<0.001).
Conclusions: In this study, we showed that the COVID-19 epidemic negatively affected the education process of children with ASD. In order to improve the QoL of families and reduce burnout levels, we suggest providing additional service opportunities (parks, playgrounds, hobby centers, etc.) and special psychiatric services for children with ASD during pandemic periods.
Supporting Institution
There was no support for the article
References
- Govil-Dalela T., Sivaswamy L. Neurological Effects of COVID-19 in Children. Pediatr Clin North Am 2021;68:1081-91.
- Demi̇rbi̇lek Y, Pehli̇vantürk G, Özgüler ZÖ, Alp Meşe E. COVID-19 outbreak control, the example of ministry of health of Turkey. Turk J Med Sci 2020;50:489-94.
- Shen K, Yang Y, Wang T, Zhao D, Jiang Y, Jin R, et al. Diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of 2019 novel coronavirus infection in children: experts’ consensus statement. World J Pediatr 2020;16:223-31.
- Singh S, Roy D, Sinha K, Parveen S, Sharma G, Joshi G. Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations. Psychiatry Res 2020;293:113429.
- Palacio-Ortiz JD, Londoño-Herrera JP, Nanclares-Márquez A, Robledo-Rengifo P, Quintero-Cadavid CP. Trastornos psiquiátricos en los niños y adolescentes en tiempo de la pandemia por COVID-19. Rev Colomb Psiquiatr (Engl Ed) 2020;49:279-88.
- Hirota T, King BH. Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Review. JAMA 2023;329:157-68.
- Creswell C, Shum A, Pearcey S, Skripkauskaite S, Patalay P, Waite P. Young people’s mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic. Lancet Child Adolesc Health 2021;5:535-7.
- Eapen V, Karlov L, John JR, Beneytez C, Grimes PZ, Kang YQ, et al. Quality of life in parents of autistic children: A transcultural perspective. Front Psychol 2023;14.
- Ozgur B, Aksu H, Eser E. Factors affecting quality of life of caregivers of children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder. Indian J Psychiatry 2018;60:278-85.
- Kaner S. Examining Teachers’ Self-Efficacy Beliefs of Students With and Without Specıal Needs. Ankara University Journal of Faculty of Educational Sciences 2010;43:193-27.
- Ardiç A, Olçay S. Determination of Psychometric Properties of the Parents Burnout Scale. Inonu University Journal of the Faculty of Education 2019;20:619-32.
- Lee H, Bayoumi I, Watson A, Davison C, Minnie F, Dionne N, et al. Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Children and Families from Marginalized Groups: A Qualitative Study in Kingston, Ontario. COVID 2021;1:704-16.
- Eldevik S, Hastings RP, Hughes JC, Jahr E, Eikeseth S, Cross S. Meta-Analysis of Early Intensive Behavioral Intervention for Children With Autism. J Child Adolesc Psychol 2009;38:439-50.
- Lee J. Mental health effects of school closures during COVID-19. Lancet Child Adolesc Health 2020;4:421.
- Bellomo TR, Prasad S, Munzer T, Laventhal N. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on children with autism spectrum disorders. J Pediatr Rehabil Med 2020;13:349-54.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Clinical Sciences (Other) |
| Journal Section | ORIGINAL ARTICLES |
| Authors | |
| Early Pub Date | October 26, 2023 |
| Publication Date | January 10, 2024 |
| Submission Date | August 28, 2023 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2024 Volume: 18 Issue: 1 |
Cite
The publication language of Turkish Journal of Pediatric Disease is English.
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