Evaluation of Menstrual Irregularities and Dysmenorrhea in University Students

Çiğdem Gün Kakaşçı; Dilek Coşkuner Potur

doi:10.51972/tfsd.1138859

Research Article

Evaluation of Menstrual Irregularities and Dysmenorrhea in University Students

Year 2022, Volume: 3 Issue: 3, 266 - 273, 30.09.2022

Çiğdem Gün Kakaşçı Dilek Coşkuner Potur

https://doi.org/10.51972/tfsd.1138859

Abstract

Purpose: Menstruation takes an important place in women's lives all over the world. For this reason, problems such as menstrual irregularities and dysmenorrhea affect women's lives in many ways. Our study aims to determine the factors associated with menstrual irregularities and dysmenorrhea.
Materials and methods: It is a cross-sectional study. The data were collected with the personal ınformation form developed by reviewing the literature. The data were collected based on self-report from the students in a way that does not disrupt the course order. A p-value of <0.05 was considered significant in the statistical tests.
Results: The average age of the students was 20.33±1.83 and the average age of menarche was 13.41±1.25. 93.5% were single and 66.5% had BMI within normal limits. The majority of the students did not have regular smoking (82%) and exercise habits (73.4%). 23.7% of the students reported menstrual irregularities and 40.5% reported dysmenorrhea. In addition to being overweight, not exercising regularly, caffeine and smoking habits, being single factors were found to be associated with menstrual irregularity. Factors such as being overweight, history of dysmenorrhea in the mother, and lack of exercise habits were also found to be associated with dysmenorrhea.
Conclusion: The rates of menstrual irregularities and dysmenorrhea in university students of reproductive age are not to be underestimated. It is recommended to conduct intervention studies for interchangeable factors such as regular exercise and BMI associated with these problems.

Keywords

Menstruation, dysmenorrhea, students

Supporting Institution

Project Number

Thanks

References

Abdel Aziem, A., Ali, A. A., Rayis, D. (2011). Age at menarche and menstrual cycle pattern among schoolgirls in Kassala in eastern Sudan. Journal of Public Health and Epidemiology, 3(3), 111-114.
Abu Helwa, H. A., Mitaeb, A. A., Al-Hamshri, S. et al. (2018). Prevalence of dysmenorrhea and predictors of its pain intensity among Palestinian female university students. BMC Women’s Health, 18(1), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12905-018-0516-1
Allsworth, J. E., Clarke, J., Peipert, J. F. et al. (2007). The influence of stress on the menstrual cycle among newly incarcerated women. Women’s Health Issues, 17(4), 202–209. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.whi.2007.02.002
American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. (2015).ACOG Committee Opinion No. 651: Menstruation in Girls and Adolescents: Using the Menstrual Cycle as a Vital Sign. Obstet Gynecol. Dec;126(06):e143-e146. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000001215. PMID: 26595586.
Ansong, E., Arhin, S. K., Cai, Y. et al. (2019). Menstrual characteristics, disorders and associated risk factors among female international students in Zhejiang Province, China: a cross-sectional survey. BMC women's health, 19(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12905-019-0730-5
Aram Aber, F. (2018). Prevalence of menstrual disturbances among female students of fourth and fifth classes of curative medicine faculty(KUMS). IJRDO - Journal of Health Sciences and Nursing , 3(4), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.53555/hsn.v3i4.1989 Ayan, M., Taş, U., Söğüt, E. et al. (2013). Primer dismenore ağrılı hastalarda diklofenak sodyum ve parasetamol tedavi etkinliklerinin Vizüel Analog Skala kullanılarak karşılaştırılması. Ağrı Dergisi, 25(2), 78-82. doi: 10.5505/agri.2013.42103
Azagew, A. W., Kassie, D. G., Walle, T. A. (2020). Prevalence of primary dysmenorrhea, its intensity, impact and associated factors among female students’ at Gondar town preparatory school, Northwest Ethiopia. BMC women's health, 20(1), 1-7. DOI: 10.1186/s12905-019-0873-4
Barcelos, R. S., Zanini Rde, V., Santos Ida, S. (2013). Menstrual disorders among women 15 to 54 years of age in Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil: a population-based study. Cad Saude Publica.; 29(11):2333-46. DOI: 10.1590/0102-311x00002813
Bayer, S. R., DeCherney, A. H. (1993). Clinical manifestations and treatment of dysfunctional uterine bleeding. JAMA.;269(14):1823–8. doi:10.1001/jama.1993.03500140075039
Brown, J., Brown, S. (2017). Exercise for dysmenorrhoea. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2, Cd004142. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd004142.pub3
Cakır, M., Mungan, I., Karakas, T. et al. (2007). Menstrual pattern and common menstrual disorders among university students in Turkey. Pediatrics International, 49(6), 938–942.
Chang, P. J., Chen, P. C., Hesieh, C. J. et al. (2009). Risk factors on the menstrual cycle of healthy Taiwanese college nursing students. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 49(6): 689–694. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1479-828X.2009.01097.x
Chen, H. M., Chen, C. H. (2004). Effects of acupressure at the sanyinjiao point on primary dysmenorrhoea. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 48(4), 380–387. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2648.2004.03236.x
Dars, S., Sayed, K., Yousufzai, Z. (2014). Relationship of menstrual irregularities to BMI and nutritional status in adolescent girls. Pak J Med Sci., 30(1), 140-144. DOI: 10.12669/pjms.301.3949 De Sanctis, V., Elsedfy, H., Soliman, N. A. et al. (2016). Dysmenorrhea in adolescents and young adults: a review in different countries. Acta BioMedica, 87(3), 233-246. PMID: 28112688.
Deborah, S. G., Priya, S. D., Swamy, R. C. (2017). Prevalence of menstrual irregularities in correlation with body fat among students of selected colleges in a district of Tamil Nadu, India. Natl J Physiol Pharm Pharmacol, 7(7), 740-743. doi: 10.5455/njppp.2017.7.0307422032017
Diaz, A., Laufer, M.R., Breech, L. L. (2006). Menstruation in girls and adolescents: using the menstrual cycle as a vital sign. Paediatrics, 118(5), 2245-50. DOI: 10.1542/peds.2006-2481
Eti Aslan, F. (2002). The assessment methods of pain. Journal of Cumhuriyet University School of Nursing, 6(1), 9-16.
Gast, G. C. M., Grobbee, D. E., Smit, H. A. et al. (2010). Menstrual cycle characteristics and risk of coronary heart disease and type 2 diabetes. Fertility and sterility, 94(6), 2379-2381. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2010.03.044
George, A., Bhaduri, A. (2002). Dysmenorrhea among adolescent girls-symptoms experienced during menstruation. Journal of Health Promotion Education, vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 23–34.
Hahn, K. A., Wise, L. A., Riis, A. H. et al. (2013). Correlates of menstrual cycle characteristics among nulliparous Danish women. Clinical Epidemiology, 19(5), 311–319. doi: 10.2147/CLEP.S46712
Jang, I. A., Kim, M. Y., Lee, S. R. et al. (2013). Factors related to dysmenorrhea among Vietnamese and Vietnamese marriage immigrant women in South Korea. Obstetrics & Gynecology Science, 56(4), 242-248. https://doi.org/10.5468/ogs.2013.56.4.242
Ju, H., Jones, M., Mishra, G. (2014). The prevalence and risk factors of dysmenorrhea. Epidemiol Reviews, 36(1), 104–113. https://doi.org/10.1093/epirev/mxt009
Kadir R. A., Edlund, M., Von Mackensen, S. (2010). The impact of menstrual disorders on quality of life in women with inherited bleeding disorders. Haemophilia, 16(5), 832–839. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2516.2010.02269.x
Karout, N. (2015). Prevalence and pattern of menstrual problems and relationship with some factors among Saudi nursing students. J Nurs Educ Pract., 5(12), 1–8. DOI: 10.5430/jnep.vXnXpXX
Kwak, Y., Kim, Y., Baek, K. A. (2019) Prevalence of irregular menstruation according to socioeconomic status: A population-based nationwide cross-sectional study. PLoS ONE 14(3): e0214071. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0214071
Lin, H. T., Lin, L. C., Shiao, J. S. et al. (2007). The impact of self-perceived job stress on menstrual patterns among Taiwanese nurses. Industrial Health, 45(5), 709–714. https://doi.org/10.2486/indhealth.45.709
Ma, Y. X., Ma, L. X., Liu, X. L. et al. (2010). A comparative study on the immediate effects of electroacupuncture at Sanyinjiao (SP6), Xuanzhong (GB39) and a non-meridian point, on menstrual pain and uterine arterial blood flow, in primary dysmenorrhea patients. Pain Med, 11(10), 1564- 1575. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1526-4637.2010.00949.x
Muluneh, A. A., Gebreslasie, K. Z., Anteneh, K. T. et al. (2018). Prevalence and associated factors of dysmenorrhea among secondary and preparatory school students in Debremarkos town, North-West Ethiopia. BMC Women's Health, 18(1), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12905-018-0552-x
Nagma, S., Kapoor, G., Bharti, R. et al. (2015). To evaluate the effect of perceived stress on menstrual function. Journal of clinical and diagnostic research: JCDR, 9(3), QC01. https://doi.org/10.7860/JCDR/2015/6906.5611
Nohara, M., Momoeda, M., Kubota, T. et al. (2011). Menstrual cycle and menstrual pain problems and related risk factors among Japanese female workers. Ind Health, 49, 228-234. https://doi.org/10.2486/indhealth.MS1047
Olowokere, A. E., Oginni, M. O., Olajubu, A. O. et al. (2014). Menstrual disorders: The implications on health and academic activities of female undergraduates in a federal university in Nigeria. Journal of Nursing Education and Practice, 4( 5), 126–135. https://doi.org/10.5430/jnep.v4n5p126
Palm-fischbacher, S., Ehlert, U. (2014). Dispositional resilience as a moderator of the relationship between chronic stress and irregular menstrual cycle. Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics & Gynaecology, 35(2), 42–50. DOI: 10.3109/0167482X.2014.912209 Potur, D. C., Bilgin, N. C., Komurcu, N. (2014). Prevalence of dysmenorrhea in university students in Turkey: effect on daily activities and evaluation of different pain management methods. Pain Management Nursing, 15(4), 768-777. DOI: 10.1016/j.pmn.2013.07.012
Rigon, F., De Sanctis, V., Bernasconi, S. et al. (2012). Menstrual pattern and menstrual disorders among adolescents: an update of the Italian data. Italian Journal of Pediatrics, 38:38. DOI: 10.1186/1824-7288-38-38
Said, A. R., Mettwaly, M. G. (2017). Improving life style among nursing students regarding menstrual disorders through an educational training program. Int J Nurs Sci., 7, 35–43. doi:10.5923/j.nursing.20170702.01
Sharma, A., Taneja, D. K., Sharma, P. et al. (2008). Problems related to menstruation and their effect on daily routine of students of a medical college in Delhi, India. Asia Pac J Public Health, 20(3), 234-241. doi: 10.1177/1010539508316939
Sharma, S., Deuja, S., Saha, C. G. (2016). Menstrual pattern among adolescent girls of Pokhara Valley: a cross sectional study. BMC women's health, 16(1), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12905-016-0354-y
Shiferaw, M. T., Wubshet, M., Tegabu, D. (2014). Menstrual problems and associated factors among students of Bahir Dar University, Amhara National Regional State, Ethiopia: a cross-sectional survey. The Pan African Medical Journal, 17, 246. DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2014.17.246.2230
Tavallaee, M., Joffres, M. R., Corber, S.J. et al. (2011). The prevalence of menstrual pain and associated risk factors among Iranian women. J Obstet Gynaecol Res, 37, 442-451. doi: 7 10.1111/j.1447-0756.2010.01362.x
Thapa, B., Shrestha, T. (2015). Relationship between Body Mass Index and menstrual irregularities among the adolescents. Int J Nurs Res Pract., 2(2), 1324–2350
Uçar, T., Derya, Y. A., Taşhan, S. T. (2015). Üniversite öğrencilerinde menstrual düzensizlik durumu ve etkileyen faktörlerin belirlenmesi. TAF Preventive Medicine Bulletin, 14(3), 215-221.
Vanitha, D., Edward, S., Varadharajan, S. et al. (2017). A community based study on menstrual disorders among the rural women of reproductive age. International Journal of Women’s Health and Reproduction Sciences, 5(4), 270-276. DOI:10.15296/ijwhr.2017.46
Volel, B. A., Ragimova, A. A., Burchakov, D. I. et al. (2016). Stressrelated menstrual disorders. Consilium Medicum, 18(6), 8–13. https://doi.org/10.26442/2075-1753_2016.6.8- 1
WHO Expert Consultation (2004). Appropriate body-mass index for Asian populations and its implications for policy and intervention strategies. Lancet (London, England), 363(9403), 157–163. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(03)15268-3
Zeru, A. B., Gebeyaw, E. D., Ayele, E. T. (2021). Magnitude and associated factors of menstrual irregularity among undergraduate students of Debre Berhan University, Ethiopia. Reproductive Health, 18(1), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12978-021-01156-1
Zhou, X., Yang, X. (2020). Association between obesity and oligomenorrhea or irregular menstruation in Chinese women of childbearing age: a cross-sectional study. Gynecological Endocrinology, 36(12), 1101-1105. DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2020.1803823

Year 2022, Volume: 3 Issue: 3, 266 - 273, 30.09.2022

Çiğdem Gün Kakaşçı Dilek Coşkuner Potur

https://doi.org/10.51972/tfsd.1138859

Abstract

Project Number

References

Abdel Aziem, A., Ali, A. A., Rayis, D. (2011). Age at menarche and menstrual cycle pattern among schoolgirls in Kassala in eastern Sudan. Journal of Public Health and Epidemiology, 3(3), 111-114.
Abu Helwa, H. A., Mitaeb, A. A., Al-Hamshri, S. et al. (2018). Prevalence of dysmenorrhea and predictors of its pain intensity among Palestinian female university students. BMC Women’s Health, 18(1), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12905-018-0516-1
Allsworth, J. E., Clarke, J., Peipert, J. F. et al. (2007). The influence of stress on the menstrual cycle among newly incarcerated women. Women’s Health Issues, 17(4), 202–209. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.whi.2007.02.002
American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. (2015).ACOG Committee Opinion No. 651: Menstruation in Girls and Adolescents: Using the Menstrual Cycle as a Vital Sign. Obstet Gynecol. Dec;126(06):e143-e146. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000001215. PMID: 26595586.
Ansong, E., Arhin, S. K., Cai, Y. et al. (2019). Menstrual characteristics, disorders and associated risk factors among female international students in Zhejiang Province, China: a cross-sectional survey. BMC women's health, 19(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12905-019-0730-5
Aram Aber, F. (2018). Prevalence of menstrual disturbances among female students of fourth and fifth classes of curative medicine faculty(KUMS). IJRDO - Journal of Health Sciences and Nursing , 3(4), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.53555/hsn.v3i4.1989 Ayan, M., Taş, U., Söğüt, E. et al. (2013). Primer dismenore ağrılı hastalarda diklofenak sodyum ve parasetamol tedavi etkinliklerinin Vizüel Analog Skala kullanılarak karşılaştırılması. Ağrı Dergisi, 25(2), 78-82. doi: 10.5505/agri.2013.42103
Azagew, A. W., Kassie, D. G., Walle, T. A. (2020). Prevalence of primary dysmenorrhea, its intensity, impact and associated factors among female students’ at Gondar town preparatory school, Northwest Ethiopia. BMC women's health, 20(1), 1-7. DOI: 10.1186/s12905-019-0873-4
Barcelos, R. S., Zanini Rde, V., Santos Ida, S. (2013). Menstrual disorders among women 15 to 54 years of age in Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil: a population-based study. Cad Saude Publica.; 29(11):2333-46. DOI: 10.1590/0102-311x00002813
Bayer, S. R., DeCherney, A. H. (1993). Clinical manifestations and treatment of dysfunctional uterine bleeding. JAMA.;269(14):1823–8. doi:10.1001/jama.1993.03500140075039
Brown, J., Brown, S. (2017). Exercise for dysmenorrhoea. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2, Cd004142. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd004142.pub3
Cakır, M., Mungan, I., Karakas, T. et al. (2007). Menstrual pattern and common menstrual disorders among university students in Turkey. Pediatrics International, 49(6), 938–942.
Chang, P. J., Chen, P. C., Hesieh, C. J. et al. (2009). Risk factors on the menstrual cycle of healthy Taiwanese college nursing students. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 49(6): 689–694. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1479-828X.2009.01097.x
Chen, H. M., Chen, C. H. (2004). Effects of acupressure at the sanyinjiao point on primary dysmenorrhoea. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 48(4), 380–387. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2648.2004.03236.x
Dars, S., Sayed, K., Yousufzai, Z. (2014). Relationship of menstrual irregularities to BMI and nutritional status in adolescent girls. Pak J Med Sci., 30(1), 140-144. DOI: 10.12669/pjms.301.3949 De Sanctis, V., Elsedfy, H., Soliman, N. A. et al. (2016). Dysmenorrhea in adolescents and young adults: a review in different countries. Acta BioMedica, 87(3), 233-246. PMID: 28112688.
Deborah, S. G., Priya, S. D., Swamy, R. C. (2017). Prevalence of menstrual irregularities in correlation with body fat among students of selected colleges in a district of Tamil Nadu, India. Natl J Physiol Pharm Pharmacol, 7(7), 740-743. doi: 10.5455/njppp.2017.7.0307422032017
Diaz, A., Laufer, M.R., Breech, L. L. (2006). Menstruation in girls and adolescents: using the menstrual cycle as a vital sign. Paediatrics, 118(5), 2245-50. DOI: 10.1542/peds.2006-2481
Eti Aslan, F. (2002). The assessment methods of pain. Journal of Cumhuriyet University School of Nursing, 6(1), 9-16.
Gast, G. C. M., Grobbee, D. E., Smit, H. A. et al. (2010). Menstrual cycle characteristics and risk of coronary heart disease and type 2 diabetes. Fertility and sterility, 94(6), 2379-2381. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2010.03.044
George, A., Bhaduri, A. (2002). Dysmenorrhea among adolescent girls-symptoms experienced during menstruation. Journal of Health Promotion Education, vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 23–34.
Hahn, K. A., Wise, L. A., Riis, A. H. et al. (2013). Correlates of menstrual cycle characteristics among nulliparous Danish women. Clinical Epidemiology, 19(5), 311–319. doi: 10.2147/CLEP.S46712
Jang, I. A., Kim, M. Y., Lee, S. R. et al. (2013). Factors related to dysmenorrhea among Vietnamese and Vietnamese marriage immigrant women in South Korea. Obstetrics & Gynecology Science, 56(4), 242-248. https://doi.org/10.5468/ogs.2013.56.4.242
Ju, H., Jones, M., Mishra, G. (2014). The prevalence and risk factors of dysmenorrhea. Epidemiol Reviews, 36(1), 104–113. https://doi.org/10.1093/epirev/mxt009
Kadir R. A., Edlund, M., Von Mackensen, S. (2010). The impact of menstrual disorders on quality of life in women with inherited bleeding disorders. Haemophilia, 16(5), 832–839. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2516.2010.02269.x
Karout, N. (2015). Prevalence and pattern of menstrual problems and relationship with some factors among Saudi nursing students. J Nurs Educ Pract., 5(12), 1–8. DOI: 10.5430/jnep.vXnXpXX
Kwak, Y., Kim, Y., Baek, K. A. (2019) Prevalence of irregular menstruation according to socioeconomic status: A population-based nationwide cross-sectional study. PLoS ONE 14(3): e0214071. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0214071
Lin, H. T., Lin, L. C., Shiao, J. S. et al. (2007). The impact of self-perceived job stress on menstrual patterns among Taiwanese nurses. Industrial Health, 45(5), 709–714. https://doi.org/10.2486/indhealth.45.709
Ma, Y. X., Ma, L. X., Liu, X. L. et al. (2010). A comparative study on the immediate effects of electroacupuncture at Sanyinjiao (SP6), Xuanzhong (GB39) and a non-meridian point, on menstrual pain and uterine arterial blood flow, in primary dysmenorrhea patients. Pain Med, 11(10), 1564- 1575. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1526-4637.2010.00949.x
Muluneh, A. A., Gebreslasie, K. Z., Anteneh, K. T. et al. (2018). Prevalence and associated factors of dysmenorrhea among secondary and preparatory school students in Debremarkos town, North-West Ethiopia. BMC Women's Health, 18(1), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12905-018-0552-x
Nagma, S., Kapoor, G., Bharti, R. et al. (2015). To evaluate the effect of perceived stress on menstrual function. Journal of clinical and diagnostic research: JCDR, 9(3), QC01. https://doi.org/10.7860/JCDR/2015/6906.5611
Nohara, M., Momoeda, M., Kubota, T. et al. (2011). Menstrual cycle and menstrual pain problems and related risk factors among Japanese female workers. Ind Health, 49, 228-234. https://doi.org/10.2486/indhealth.MS1047
Olowokere, A. E., Oginni, M. O., Olajubu, A. O. et al. (2014). Menstrual disorders: The implications on health and academic activities of female undergraduates in a federal university in Nigeria. Journal of Nursing Education and Practice, 4( 5), 126–135. https://doi.org/10.5430/jnep.v4n5p126
Palm-fischbacher, S., Ehlert, U. (2014). Dispositional resilience as a moderator of the relationship between chronic stress and irregular menstrual cycle. Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics & Gynaecology, 35(2), 42–50. DOI: 10.3109/0167482X.2014.912209 Potur, D. C., Bilgin, N. C., Komurcu, N. (2014). Prevalence of dysmenorrhea in university students in Turkey: effect on daily activities and evaluation of different pain management methods. Pain Management Nursing, 15(4), 768-777. DOI: 10.1016/j.pmn.2013.07.012
Rigon, F., De Sanctis, V., Bernasconi, S. et al. (2012). Menstrual pattern and menstrual disorders among adolescents: an update of the Italian data. Italian Journal of Pediatrics, 38:38. DOI: 10.1186/1824-7288-38-38
Said, A. R., Mettwaly, M. G. (2017). Improving life style among nursing students regarding menstrual disorders through an educational training program. Int J Nurs Sci., 7, 35–43. doi:10.5923/j.nursing.20170702.01
Sharma, A., Taneja, D. K., Sharma, P. et al. (2008). Problems related to menstruation and their effect on daily routine of students of a medical college in Delhi, India. Asia Pac J Public Health, 20(3), 234-241. doi: 10.1177/1010539508316939
Sharma, S., Deuja, S., Saha, C. G. (2016). Menstrual pattern among adolescent girls of Pokhara Valley: a cross sectional study. BMC women's health, 16(1), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12905-016-0354-y
Shiferaw, M. T., Wubshet, M., Tegabu, D. (2014). Menstrual problems and associated factors among students of Bahir Dar University, Amhara National Regional State, Ethiopia: a cross-sectional survey. The Pan African Medical Journal, 17, 246. DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2014.17.246.2230
Tavallaee, M., Joffres, M. R., Corber, S.J. et al. (2011). The prevalence of menstrual pain and associated risk factors among Iranian women. J Obstet Gynaecol Res, 37, 442-451. doi: 7 10.1111/j.1447-0756.2010.01362.x
Thapa, B., Shrestha, T. (2015). Relationship between Body Mass Index and menstrual irregularities among the adolescents. Int J Nurs Res Pract., 2(2), 1324–2350
Uçar, T., Derya, Y. A., Taşhan, S. T. (2015). Üniversite öğrencilerinde menstrual düzensizlik durumu ve etkileyen faktörlerin belirlenmesi. TAF Preventive Medicine Bulletin, 14(3), 215-221.
Vanitha, D., Edward, S., Varadharajan, S. et al. (2017). A community based study on menstrual disorders among the rural women of reproductive age. International Journal of Women’s Health and Reproduction Sciences, 5(4), 270-276. DOI:10.15296/ijwhr.2017.46
Volel, B. A., Ragimova, A. A., Burchakov, D. I. et al. (2016). Stressrelated menstrual disorders. Consilium Medicum, 18(6), 8–13. https://doi.org/10.26442/2075-1753_2016.6.8- 1
WHO Expert Consultation (2004). Appropriate body-mass index for Asian populations and its implications for policy and intervention strategies. Lancet (London, England), 363(9403), 157–163. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(03)15268-3
Zeru, A. B., Gebeyaw, E. D., Ayele, E. T. (2021). Magnitude and associated factors of menstrual irregularity among undergraduate students of Debre Berhan University, Ethiopia. Reproductive Health, 18(1), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12978-021-01156-1
Zhou, X., Yang, X. (2020). Association between obesity and oligomenorrhea or irregular menstruation in Chinese women of childbearing age: a cross-sectional study. Gynecological Endocrinology, 36(12), 1101-1105. DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2020.1803823

There are 45 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language	English
Subjects	Nursing
Journal Section	Articles
Authors	Çiğdem Gün Kakaşçı Dilek Coşkuner Potur
Project Number	NO
Publication Date	September 30, 2022
Submission Date	June 30, 2022
Acceptance Date	September 12, 2022
Published in Issue	Year 2022 Volume: 3 Issue: 3

Cite

APA	Gün Kakaşçı, Ç., & Coşkuner Potur, D. (2022). Evaluation of Menstrual Irregularities and Dysmenorrhea in University Students. Turkish Journal of Science and Health, 3(3), 266-273. https://doi.org/10.51972/tfsd.1138859