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Anxiety and Fear Levels of Confirmed&Possible COVID-19 Cases Isolated at Home

Year 2023, Volume: 17 Issue: 2 - Turkish Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, 253 - 261, 20.06.2023
https://doi.org/10.21763/tjfmpc.1138426

Abstract

Aim: This study aimed to determine anxiety and fear levels of confirmed and possible COVID-19 cases isolated at home and the influencing factors.
Methods: This descriptive study was conducted with 387 confirmed and possible cases in a province in southern Turkey between January-June 2021. The data were collected online via the snowball method using the Fear of COVID-19 Scale and the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale. Results: Of the participants, 50.9% were “confirmed COVID-19 cases” and 49.1% were “possible COVID-19 cases”. It was determined that COVID-19 anxiety was low and fear of COVID-19 was high. COVID-19 anxiety was 2.57 times greater in women, 2.51 times greater in those whose educational level was primary school and below, 2.63 times greater in those living with others at home, and 1.93 times greater in those who had no room to go into isolation at home alone. Fear of COVID-19 was 2.62 times greater in those with low educational levels and 1.82 times greater in those who were married (p<0.05). Women’s fear of COVID-19 was on the statistical significance margin (OR=1.62; 95% CI:0.99-2.62, p=0.051).
Conclusion: Confirmed and possible COVID-19 cases have low anxiety and high fear. Disadvantaged groups like women, those with low educational levels and those with inappropriate home conditions for isolation have more apparent anxiety and fear. It is recommended that COVID-19 fear of confirmed and possible cases followed at home be brought to a realistic level.

Supporting Institution

Yok

Thanks

We would like to thank to confirmed and possible COVID-19 cases that participated in the study.

References

  • 1. WHO. Home care for patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 and management of their contacts. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/home-care-for-patients-with-suspected-novel-coronavirus-(ncov)-infection-presenting-with-mild-symptoms-and-management-of-contacts, 2020. [Accessed 02 March 2021].
  • 2. WHO. Mental health and psychosocial considerations during the COVID-19 outbreak. https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/mental-health-considerations.pdf, 2020. [Accessed 30 September 2021].
  • 3. Ministry of Health RoT. Minisitary of Health. Department of Public Health. COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2 Infection) Contact follow-up (possible cases), outbreak management, home patient monitoring and filiation. https://covid19.saglik.gov.tr/Eklenti/39605/0/covid-19rehberitemaslitakibievdehastaizlemivefilyasyonpdf.pdf, 2020. [Accessed 05 January 2021].
  • 4. Aşkın R, Bozkurt, Y., Zeybek, Z. Covid-19 pandemic: psychological effects and therapeutic interventions. Istanbul Commerce University Journal of Social Sciences. 2020;19(37): 304-318.
  • 5. Fardin MA. COVID-19 and anxiety: A review of psychological impacts of infectious disease outbreaks. Archives of Clinical Infectious Diseases. 2020;15(COVID-19):e102779. doi: 10.5812/archcid.102779.
  • 6. Dai L-L, Wang X, Jiang T-C, Li P-F, Wang Y, Wu S-J, et al. Anxiety and depressive symptoms among COVID-19 patients in Jianghan Fangcang Shelter Hospital in Wuhan, China. Plos One. 2020;15(8):e0238416. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238416.
  • 7. Jesmi A-A, Mohammadzade-Tabrizi Z, Rad M, Hosseinzadeh-Younesi E, Pourhabib A. Lived experiences of patients with COVID-19 infection: a phenomenology study. Med Glas (Zenica). 2021;18(1): 18-26. doi: 10.17392/1247-21
  • 8. Chen D, Song F, Tang L, Zhang H, Shao J, Qiu R, et al. Quarantine experience of close contacts of COVID-19 patients in China: A qualitative descriptive study. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2020;66:81-88. doi: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2020.07.006.
  • 9. von Elm E, Altman DG, Egger M, Pocock SJ, Gøtzsche PC, Vandenbroucke JP. The Strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology (STROBE) statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies. PLoS Med. 2007; 4(10): e296. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.0040296.
  • 10. Sümbüloğlu K, Sümbüloğlu K. Biostatistics. Ankara: Hatiboğlu Publisher; 2019, pp.360.
  • 11. Kılıç S. Sampling methods. Journal of Mood Disorders. 2013;3(1):44-46. doi: 10.5455/jmood.20130325011730.
  • 12. Akkuzu H, Yumuşak, F. N., Karaman, G., Ladikli, N., Türkkan, Z., & Bahadır, E. The reliability and validity of Turkish version of Coronavirus Anxiety Scale. Cyprus Turkish Journal of Psychiatry and Psychology. 2020;2(2):63-67.
  • 13. Evren C, Evren B, Dalbudak E, Topcu M, Kutlu N. Measuring anxiety related to COVID-19: A Turkish validation study of the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale. Death Stud. 2020;46(5):1052-1058. doi: 10.1080/07481187.2020.1774969.
  • 14. Bakioğlu F, Korkmaz O, Ercan H. Fear of COVID-19 and positivity: Mediating role of intolerance of uncertainty, depression, anxiety, and stress. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction. 2021;19(6):2369-82. doi: 10.1007/s11469-020-00331-y.
  • 15. Cullen W, Gulati G, Kelly BD. Mental health in the COVID-19 pandemic. QJM. 2020;113(5):311-312. doi: 10.1093/qjmed/hcaa110.
  • 16. Bulut C, Kato Y. Epidemiology of COVID-19. Turk J Med Sci. 2020;50(5):563-570. doi: 10.3906/sag-2004-172.
  • 17. Memiş Doğan M, Düzel B. Fear-anxiety levels in Covid-19. Turkish Studies. 2020;15(4):739-752. doi: 10.7827/TurkishStudies.44678.
  • 18. Gencer N. Coronavırus (Covıd-19) Fear of individuals during the pandemia: Çorum sample. International Journal of Social Sciences Academy. 2020;2(4):1153-1173. doi: 10.47994/usbad.791577.
  • 19. Hyland P, Shevlin M, McBride O, Murphy J, Karatzias T, Bentall RP, et al. Anxiety and depression in the Republic of Ireland during the COVID-19 pandemic. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2020;142(3):249-56. doi: 10.1111/acps.13219.
  • 20. Mertens G, Gerritsen L, Duijndam S, Salemink E, Engelhard IM. Fear of the coronavirus (COVID-19): Predictors in an online study conducted in March 2020. J Anxiety Disord. 2020;74: 102258. 10.1016/j.janxdis.2020.102258.
  • 21. Rodríguez-Hidalgo AJ, Pantaleón Y, Dios I, Falla D. Fear of COVID-19, stress, and anxiety in university undergraduate students: a predictive model for depression. Front Psychol. 2020;11:591797. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.591797.
  • 22. Savitsky B, Findling Y, Ereli A, Hendel T. Anxiety and coping strategies among nursing students during the covid-19 pandemic. Nurse Educ Pract. 2020;46:102809. doi: 10.1016/j.nepr.2020.102809.
  • 23. González-Sanguino C, Ausín B, Castellanos M, Saiz J, López-Gómez A, Ugidos C, et al. Mental health consequences during the initial stage of the 2020 Coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) in Spain. Brain Behav Immun. 2020;87:172-176. doi: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.05.040.
  • 24. Ilgaz A. Bir Aile Sağlığı Merkezi’ne kayıtlı bireylerde sağlık okuryazarlığı seviyesi ve ilişkili faktörler. Journal of Hacettepe University Faculty of Nursing. 2021; 8(2):151-159. doi: 10.31125/hunhemsire.966349.
  • 25. Turk F, Kul A, Kılınç E. Depression-anxiety and coping strategies of adolescents during the Covid-19 pandemic. Turkish Journal of Education. 2021; 10(2):58-75. doi: 10.19128/turje.814621.
  • 26. Lei L, Huang X, Zhang S, Yang J, Yang L, Xu M. Comparison of prevalence and associated factors of anxiety and depression among people affected by versus people unaffected by quarantine during the COVID-19 epidemic in Southwestern China. Med Sci Monit. 2020;26:e924609. doi: 10.12659/MSM.924609.
  • 27. Nguyen HT, Do BN, Pham KM, Kim GB, Dam HTB, Nguyen TT, et al. Fear of COVID-19 Scale-associations of its scores with health literacy and health-related behaviors among medical students. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020; 17(11): 4164. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17114164.
  • 28. Sepúlveda-Loyola W, Rodríguez-Sánchez I, Pérez-Rodríguez P, Ganz F, Torralba R, Oliveira DV, et al. Impact of Social Isolation Due to COVID-19 on Health in Older People: Mental and Physical Effects and Recommendations. J Nutr Health Aging. 2020;24(9):938-47. doi: 10.1007/s12603-020-1469-2.
  • 29. UNICEF. Caring for someone with COVID-19 at home Isolation advice to keep families safe. https://www.unicef.org/rosa/stories/caring-someone-covid-19-home, 2021. [Accessed 30 January 2022].

Evde İzole Edilen COVID-19 Kesin&Olası Vakaların Anksiyete ve Korku Düzeyleri

Year 2023, Volume: 17 Issue: 2 - Turkish Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, 253 - 261, 20.06.2023
https://doi.org/10.21763/tjfmpc.1138426

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, evde izole edilen COVID-19 kesin ve olası vakaların anksiyete ve korku düzeyleri ile ilişkili faktörlerin belirlenmesidir.
Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı olarak yapılan bu çalışma, 387 kesin veya olası vakanın katılımı ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışma Ocak-Haziran 2021 tarihleri arasında Türkiye’nin güneyinde yer alan bir ilde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Veriler kartopu yöntemi ile online olarak Koronavirus Korku Ölçeği ve Koronavirus Anksiyete Ölçeği ile toplanmıştır.
Bulgular: Katılımcıların %50,9’u COVID-19 “kesin vaka” %49,1’i “olası vaka” dır. COVID-19 anksiyetesinin düşük, COVID-19 korkusunun yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir. COVID-19 anksiyetesi kadınlarda 2,57 kat, eğitim düzeyi ilkokul ve altı olanlarda 2,51 kat, evde başkası ile yaşayanlarda 2,63 kat, evde tek başına izole olabileceği odası olmayanlarda 1,93 kat daha fazla bulunmuştur. COVID-19 korkusu ise eğitim seviyesi düşük olanlarda 2,62 kat, evli olanlarda 1,82 kat daha fazla saptanmıştır (p<0.05). Ayrıca kadınların COVID-19 korkusu istatistiksel anlamlılık sınırında bulunmuştur (OR=1,62; 95% CI: 0,99-2,62, p=0,051).
Sonuç: COVID-19 kesin ve olası vakaların anksiyetesi düşük olup korkusu yüksektir. Kadınlar, eğitim düzeyi düşük olanlar, ev koşulları izolasyon için uygun olmayanlar gibi dezavantajlı grupların anksiyete ve korkusu daha belirgindir. Evde takip edilen kesin ve olası vakaların COVID-19 korkusunun gerçekçi düzeye getirilmesi önerilmektedir.

References

  • 1. WHO. Home care for patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 and management of their contacts. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/home-care-for-patients-with-suspected-novel-coronavirus-(ncov)-infection-presenting-with-mild-symptoms-and-management-of-contacts, 2020. [Accessed 02 March 2021].
  • 2. WHO. Mental health and psychosocial considerations during the COVID-19 outbreak. https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/mental-health-considerations.pdf, 2020. [Accessed 30 September 2021].
  • 3. Ministry of Health RoT. Minisitary of Health. Department of Public Health. COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2 Infection) Contact follow-up (possible cases), outbreak management, home patient monitoring and filiation. https://covid19.saglik.gov.tr/Eklenti/39605/0/covid-19rehberitemaslitakibievdehastaizlemivefilyasyonpdf.pdf, 2020. [Accessed 05 January 2021].
  • 4. Aşkın R, Bozkurt, Y., Zeybek, Z. Covid-19 pandemic: psychological effects and therapeutic interventions. Istanbul Commerce University Journal of Social Sciences. 2020;19(37): 304-318.
  • 5. Fardin MA. COVID-19 and anxiety: A review of psychological impacts of infectious disease outbreaks. Archives of Clinical Infectious Diseases. 2020;15(COVID-19):e102779. doi: 10.5812/archcid.102779.
  • 6. Dai L-L, Wang X, Jiang T-C, Li P-F, Wang Y, Wu S-J, et al. Anxiety and depressive symptoms among COVID-19 patients in Jianghan Fangcang Shelter Hospital in Wuhan, China. Plos One. 2020;15(8):e0238416. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238416.
  • 7. Jesmi A-A, Mohammadzade-Tabrizi Z, Rad M, Hosseinzadeh-Younesi E, Pourhabib A. Lived experiences of patients with COVID-19 infection: a phenomenology study. Med Glas (Zenica). 2021;18(1): 18-26. doi: 10.17392/1247-21
  • 8. Chen D, Song F, Tang L, Zhang H, Shao J, Qiu R, et al. Quarantine experience of close contacts of COVID-19 patients in China: A qualitative descriptive study. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2020;66:81-88. doi: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2020.07.006.
  • 9. von Elm E, Altman DG, Egger M, Pocock SJ, Gøtzsche PC, Vandenbroucke JP. The Strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology (STROBE) statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies. PLoS Med. 2007; 4(10): e296. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.0040296.
  • 10. Sümbüloğlu K, Sümbüloğlu K. Biostatistics. Ankara: Hatiboğlu Publisher; 2019, pp.360.
  • 11. Kılıç S. Sampling methods. Journal of Mood Disorders. 2013;3(1):44-46. doi: 10.5455/jmood.20130325011730.
  • 12. Akkuzu H, Yumuşak, F. N., Karaman, G., Ladikli, N., Türkkan, Z., & Bahadır, E. The reliability and validity of Turkish version of Coronavirus Anxiety Scale. Cyprus Turkish Journal of Psychiatry and Psychology. 2020;2(2):63-67.
  • 13. Evren C, Evren B, Dalbudak E, Topcu M, Kutlu N. Measuring anxiety related to COVID-19: A Turkish validation study of the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale. Death Stud. 2020;46(5):1052-1058. doi: 10.1080/07481187.2020.1774969.
  • 14. Bakioğlu F, Korkmaz O, Ercan H. Fear of COVID-19 and positivity: Mediating role of intolerance of uncertainty, depression, anxiety, and stress. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction. 2021;19(6):2369-82. doi: 10.1007/s11469-020-00331-y.
  • 15. Cullen W, Gulati G, Kelly BD. Mental health in the COVID-19 pandemic. QJM. 2020;113(5):311-312. doi: 10.1093/qjmed/hcaa110.
  • 16. Bulut C, Kato Y. Epidemiology of COVID-19. Turk J Med Sci. 2020;50(5):563-570. doi: 10.3906/sag-2004-172.
  • 17. Memiş Doğan M, Düzel B. Fear-anxiety levels in Covid-19. Turkish Studies. 2020;15(4):739-752. doi: 10.7827/TurkishStudies.44678.
  • 18. Gencer N. Coronavırus (Covıd-19) Fear of individuals during the pandemia: Çorum sample. International Journal of Social Sciences Academy. 2020;2(4):1153-1173. doi: 10.47994/usbad.791577.
  • 19. Hyland P, Shevlin M, McBride O, Murphy J, Karatzias T, Bentall RP, et al. Anxiety and depression in the Republic of Ireland during the COVID-19 pandemic. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2020;142(3):249-56. doi: 10.1111/acps.13219.
  • 20. Mertens G, Gerritsen L, Duijndam S, Salemink E, Engelhard IM. Fear of the coronavirus (COVID-19): Predictors in an online study conducted in March 2020. J Anxiety Disord. 2020;74: 102258. 10.1016/j.janxdis.2020.102258.
  • 21. Rodríguez-Hidalgo AJ, Pantaleón Y, Dios I, Falla D. Fear of COVID-19, stress, and anxiety in university undergraduate students: a predictive model for depression. Front Psychol. 2020;11:591797. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.591797.
  • 22. Savitsky B, Findling Y, Ereli A, Hendel T. Anxiety and coping strategies among nursing students during the covid-19 pandemic. Nurse Educ Pract. 2020;46:102809. doi: 10.1016/j.nepr.2020.102809.
  • 23. González-Sanguino C, Ausín B, Castellanos M, Saiz J, López-Gómez A, Ugidos C, et al. Mental health consequences during the initial stage of the 2020 Coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) in Spain. Brain Behav Immun. 2020;87:172-176. doi: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.05.040.
  • 24. Ilgaz A. Bir Aile Sağlığı Merkezi’ne kayıtlı bireylerde sağlık okuryazarlığı seviyesi ve ilişkili faktörler. Journal of Hacettepe University Faculty of Nursing. 2021; 8(2):151-159. doi: 10.31125/hunhemsire.966349.
  • 25. Turk F, Kul A, Kılınç E. Depression-anxiety and coping strategies of adolescents during the Covid-19 pandemic. Turkish Journal of Education. 2021; 10(2):58-75. doi: 10.19128/turje.814621.
  • 26. Lei L, Huang X, Zhang S, Yang J, Yang L, Xu M. Comparison of prevalence and associated factors of anxiety and depression among people affected by versus people unaffected by quarantine during the COVID-19 epidemic in Southwestern China. Med Sci Monit. 2020;26:e924609. doi: 10.12659/MSM.924609.
  • 27. Nguyen HT, Do BN, Pham KM, Kim GB, Dam HTB, Nguyen TT, et al. Fear of COVID-19 Scale-associations of its scores with health literacy and health-related behaviors among medical students. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020; 17(11): 4164. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17114164.
  • 28. Sepúlveda-Loyola W, Rodríguez-Sánchez I, Pérez-Rodríguez P, Ganz F, Torralba R, Oliveira DV, et al. Impact of Social Isolation Due to COVID-19 on Health in Older People: Mental and Physical Effects and Recommendations. J Nutr Health Aging. 2020;24(9):938-47. doi: 10.1007/s12603-020-1469-2.
  • 29. UNICEF. Caring for someone with COVID-19 at home Isolation advice to keep families safe. https://www.unicef.org/rosa/stories/caring-someone-covid-19-home, 2021. [Accessed 30 January 2022].
There are 29 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Primary Health Care
Journal Section Orijinal Articles
Authors

Yasemin Demir Avcı 0000-0002-0576-5948

Ayşegül Ilgaz 0000-0003-0640-2820

Sebahat Gözüm 0000-0001-8672-8016

Publication Date June 20, 2023
Submission Date June 30, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 17 Issue: 2 - Turkish Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care

Cite

Vancouver Demir Avcı Y, Ilgaz A, Gözüm S. Anxiety and Fear Levels of Confirmed&Possible COVID-19 Cases Isolated at Home. TJFMPC. 2023;17(2):253-61.

English or Turkish manuscripts from authors with new knowledge to contribute to understanding and improving health and primary care are welcome.